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Embankment stability on anisotropic soft clays
93A
Of the dam were computed for the two earthquakes to indicate the natural frequencies of the dam, to estimate the shear-wave velocity of its materials, and to estimate the relative contribution of different modes of vibrations. 805148 SHEAR MODULI AND DAMPING FACTORS OF EARTH DAM Abdel-Ghaffar, A M; Scott, R F J Geotech E~gng Div ASCE, VI05, NGTI2, Dec 1979, P1405-1426 In this study Of an earth dam, a rational procedure is developed to estimate its dyrmmic soil properties, suah as the shear moduli and damping factors, from its measured respomse to real earthquskes. The procedure permits study of nonlinear behavlour by using the variation Of stiffness anl damping ix~perties with strain levels. The investigation is limited to the upstream-downstream response since existing amalytical techniques fc~ earth dams are restricted to horizontal shear deformation in that direction. 805149 SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURE FOR EVALUATING ~MBANEMENT RESPONSE Makdisi, F I; Seed, H B J Geotech Emgr4g Div ASCE, VI05, NGTI2, Dec 1979, P1427-1434 A simplified procedure~ which enables the determination, by hand calculation, Of the maximum crest acceleration and the natural period Of an embankment due to a specified earthquake loading is described. The method also allows, through iteration, the use Of strain dependent material properties. 805150 UPSTREAM SLOPE PROTECTION FOR EARTH DAMs IN THE PRAIRIE PROVINCES Peters, N; Towle, J E Can Geotech J, VI6, E~, Nov 1979, I%79-690 A survey Of the slope protection on 62 dams in the Prairie Provinces was unlertaken to relate the field performance to design and construction practices. The slope protection included riprap, gravel, and glacial clay. The dams were eart/x~ill embankments, which varied from 5 to 65m in height, and impoumded reservoirs with fetches of 1-35km. 805151 M E ~ O D OF ESTIMATING EXCESS PORE PRESSURES BENEATH ~BANKMENTS ON SEq~SITIVE CLAYS Law, K T; Bozozuk~ M Can Geotech J, VI6, ~ , Nov 1979, P691-702 A laboratory testing program for predicting undrained excess pore pressures beneath embankments constructed on sensitive clays is reported. A study of the pore pressure response, based on Henkel's equation applied to triaxial and plane strain tests provides a basis for comparing behaviour u m d ~ conditions of axisym~etry and plane strain. Finite element and modified elastic methods are developed for estimating undrained excess Ix~e-water pressures from laboratory test results. The estimated values are used to evaluate the effect of consolidation under the centre of an embarkment during construction, illustrated by case records. 805152 FOUNDATION PERFORMANCE OF GARDIN~R DAM Jaspar, J L; Peters, N Can Geotech J, VI6, ~ , Nov 1979, F758-788
Gardiner Dam is located on the South Saskatchewan River in western Canada. This paper describes the foundation deformations that occurred in the clay shale during its consTmuction, and the continuing but generally decreasing increments of lateral displacement that are related to the yearly cyclic reservoir load. The shale contains preconstruction shear zones whose specific location, extent, amd strength characteristics were virt;,~11y impossible to determine from test samples and soil logs. 8o5153 EXPERIENCES WITH ALLUVIAL FOUNDATIONS FOR EARTH DAMS IN THE PRAIRIE PROVINCES Peters, N; Lamb, K N Can Geotech J, VI6, N2, May 1979, P255-271 Stmmmrises dam-site investigation, lab testing, design methods, construction procedures and foundation performance for 30 median to large dams and n~nerous s ~ l l e r dams built during the past 40 years. Two case studies are considered in mo~e detail. 605154 TREATMENT FOR FOUNDATION ON GLACIAL TILL OF THE LG-3 DAM (IN FRENCH) P a r ~ J J; Ares, R; Ghzala, A M Can GeotechJ, V16, N2, May 1979, 272-284 Describes the foundation conditions and the studies leading to the design of the dam on the till deposit, where an upstream blamket and cutoff have been combined with a down stream toe drain in the typical cross section. The monltering of the behaviour of the dam and its foundation is discussed. The dam (ultimate height 97m) is now under construction. 805155 ~MBAI~G4EN~ STABILITY ON ANISOTROPIC SOFT CLAYS Graham, J Can Geotech J, VI6, N2, May 1979, P295-308 Results are presented for calculations of embamkment stability using circular arc failure surfaces and total stress analyses in anisotropic soils whose strengths increase with depth below a surface crust. The use of the rate correction factor is examined, and the importance of direct simple shear strengths in embankment analysis is confirmed. 805156 HYDRAULIC EFFICIENCY OF THE MANICOUAGAN-3 CUTOFF Dascal, 0 Can Geotech J, V16, N2, May 1979, P351-362 The cutOff walls are made up of cast-in-place concrete interlocking piles and psnels and are intended primarily to minimize the danger Of piping~ by controlling the pore pressures in the downstream zone Of the dam. The behaviour of the cutOff, monitored by a comprehensive instrt~nentation program, indicated after 1.5 years a relatively high hydraulic efficiency of over 92 per cent. 805157 USE OF GLACIAL TILL AND OUTWArd{ SILTY SAND AS CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL FOR DAM CORES AT LONG sPRUCE GENERATING STATION McKeown, J D; Matheson, D S Can Geotech J, VI6, N2, May 1979, P363-378 Testfills using glacial till were made to compare and select compaction equipment. Problems encountered during core construction with till and silty sand are discussed, particularly inhomogeneity of the sand. The Ix~er plant proJect and site layout are also described.
Of the dam were computed for the two earthquakes to indicate the natural frequencies of the dam, to estimate the shear-wave velocity of its materials, and to estimate the relative contribution of different modes of vibrations. 805148 SHEAR MODULI AND DAMPING FACTORS OF EARTH DAM Abdel-Ghaffar, A M; Scott, R F J Geotech E~gng Div ASCE, VI05, NGTI2, Dec 1979, P1405-1426 In this study Of an earth dam, a rational procedure is developed to estimate its dyrmmic soil properties, suah as the shear moduli and damping factors, from its measured respomse to real earthquskes. The procedure permits study of nonlinear behavlour by using the variation Of stiffness anl damping ix~perties with strain levels. The investigation is limited to the upstream-downstream response since existing amalytical techniques fc~ earth dams are restricted to horizontal shear deformation in that direction. 805149 SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURE FOR EVALUATING ~MBANEMENT RESPONSE Makdisi, F I; Seed, H B J Geotech Emgr4g Div ASCE, VI05, NGTI2, Dec 1979, P1427-1434 A simplified procedure~ which enables the determination, by hand calculation, Of the maximum crest acceleration and the natural period Of an embankment due to a specified earthquake loading is described. The method also allows, through iteration, the use Of strain dependent material properties. 805150 UPSTREAM SLOPE PROTECTION FOR EARTH DAMs IN THE PRAIRIE PROVINCES Peters, N; Towle, J E Can Geotech J, VI6, E~, Nov 1979, I%79-690 A survey Of the slope protection on 62 dams in the Prairie Provinces was unlertaken to relate the field performance to design and construction practices. The slope protection included riprap, gravel, and glacial clay. The dams were eart/x~ill embankments, which varied from 5 to 65m in height, and impoumded reservoirs with fetches of 1-35km. 805151 M E ~ O D OF ESTIMATING EXCESS PORE PRESSURES BENEATH ~BANKMENTS ON SEq~SITIVE CLAYS Law, K T; Bozozuk~ M Can Geotech J, VI6, ~ , Nov 1979, P691-702 A laboratory testing program for predicting undrained excess pore pressures beneath embankments constructed on sensitive clays is reported. A study of the pore pressure response, based on Henkel's equation applied to triaxial and plane strain tests provides a basis for comparing behaviour u m d ~ conditions of axisym~etry and plane strain. Finite element and modified elastic methods are developed for estimating undrained excess Ix~e-water pressures from laboratory test results. The estimated values are used to evaluate the effect of consolidation under the centre of an embarkment during construction, illustrated by case records. 805152 FOUNDATION PERFORMANCE OF GARDIN~R DAM Jaspar, J L; Peters, N Can Geotech J, VI6, ~ , Nov 1979, F758-788
Gardiner Dam is located on the South Saskatchewan River in western Canada. This paper describes the foundation deformations that occurred in the clay shale during its consTmuction, and the continuing but generally decreasing increments of lateral displacement that are related to the yearly cyclic reservoir load. The shale contains preconstruction shear zones whose specific location, extent, amd strength characteristics were virt;,~11y impossible to determine from test samples and soil logs. 8o5153 EXPERIENCES WITH ALLUVIAL FOUNDATIONS FOR EARTH DAMS IN THE PRAIRIE PROVINCES Peters, N; Lamb, K N Can Geotech J, VI6, N2, May 1979, P255-271 Stmmmrises dam-site investigation, lab testing, design methods, construction procedures and foundation performance for 30 median to large dams and n~nerous s ~ l l e r dams built during the past 40 years. Two case studies are considered in mo~e detail. 605154 TREATMENT FOR FOUNDATION ON GLACIAL TILL OF THE LG-3 DAM (IN FRENCH) P a r ~ J J; Ares, R; Ghzala, A M Can GeotechJ, V16, N2, May 1979, 272-284 Describes the foundation conditions and the studies leading to the design of the dam on the till deposit, where an upstream blamket and cutoff have been combined with a down stream toe drain in the typical cross section. The monltering of the behaviour of the dam and its foundation is discussed. The dam (ultimate height 97m) is now under construction. 805155 ~MBAI~G4EN~ STABILITY ON ANISOTROPIC SOFT CLAYS Graham, J Can Geotech J, VI6, N2, May 1979, P295-308 Results are presented for calculations of embamkment stability using circular arc failure surfaces and total stress analyses in anisotropic soils whose strengths increase with depth below a surface crust. The use of the rate correction factor is examined, and the importance of direct simple shear strengths in embankment analysis is confirmed. 805156 HYDRAULIC EFFICIENCY OF THE MANICOUAGAN-3 CUTOFF Dascal, 0 Can Geotech J, V16, N2, May 1979, P351-362 The cutOff walls are made up of cast-in-place concrete interlocking piles and psnels and are intended primarily to minimize the danger Of piping~ by controlling the pore pressures in the downstream zone Of the dam. The behaviour of the cutOff, monitored by a comprehensive instrt~nentation program, indicated after 1.5 years a relatively high hydraulic efficiency of over 92 per cent. 805157 USE OF GLACIAL TILL AND OUTWArd{ SILTY SAND AS CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL FOR DAM CORES AT LONG sPRUCE GENERATING STATION McKeown, J D; Matheson, D S Can Geotech J, VI6, N2, May 1979, P363-378 Testfills using glacial till were made to compare and select compaction equipment. Problems encountered during core construction with till and silty sand are discussed, particularly inhomogeneity of the sand. The Ix~er plant proJect and site layout are also described.