Endangered primates in the Selous Game Reserve and an imminent threat to their habitat

Selected abstracts the potential to provide recruits to exploited areas. Biogeographic patteras can be used to site marine reserves. The authors propose a middle/edge arrangement of'biodivenity reserves', linked to b i ~ regions. ~mzh reserves would achieve comervation of both representativeness (middle) and high diversity areas (edge). The authors also suggest a second tier of reserves which has the ~ i f i c purpose of improving local yields of exploited species. The sizes of biodiversity reserves should be determined by local habitat heterogeneity. Second-tier reserves should be designed to maximize their benefit to adjacent areas while minimizing their size. (from Authors) 95Z/00060 Status of Keuyan coral reefs T. R. McClanahan & D. Obura, in: Proceedings of the

colloquium on global aspects of coral reefs, Miami, 1993, ed R.N. Ginsburg & F.G.W. Smith, (University of Miami, RSMAS), 1994, pp 392-396. Kenyan coral reefs have been relatively well-studied from the view of human impacts largely due to the existence of four marine parks and numerous reefs experiencingintense human resource use. Removal of finfish is having the largest impact on unprotected reefs and has a number of secondary and tertiary effects on other faunal groups and ecological processes. The high abundance of sea urchins in unprotected reefs may result from a reduction in their predators due to overfishing. Sea urchins are associated with reefs of lower coral cover, topographic complexity, and reduced calcium carbonate deposition rates. Some species of gastropod appear to be affected by shell collecting, but the total fauna seem more impacted by removal of their predators. River sediment discharges and eutrophication are of secondary importance. (from Authors) 95Z/00061 E n d m p r e d primates in the Seloas Game Reserve and an immhmut threat to their habitat B. S. Decker, Or) x, 28(3), 1994, pp 183-190. The Magombera Forest in Tanzania contains the most viable population of the endangered Uhehe red colobus Colbus badius gordonorum, three other primates, and rare and endemic plants and animals. In 1980 almost half of the Magombera Forest Reserve was surrendered for settlement in exchange for the southern part being incorported into the Selous Game Reserve. The southern part was not legally annexed into the Selous and now the Kilombero Sugar Company has claimed a portion of it. The forest is currently in good condition and offers the best opportunity to conserve the Uhehe red colobus. The author recommends a number of measures to save the forest and its wildlife and to ensure that the needs of the local people are met. (Author) 95Z/00062 Determinants of the composition n d distribution of wildlife communities in Southern Africa J. T. Du Toit, Ambio, 24(1), 1995, pp 2-6. Sustainable utilization has become widely accepted in southern Africa as the most pragmatic approach to conserving the region's bindiversity. The rich wildlife resources of southern Africa hold considerable economic potential, but the options for maximizing and sustaining this potential are constrained by the ecological and human determinants of the wildlife communities in each particular ecosystem. This paper provides a general overview of these determinants in an attempt to stimulate the transfer of information from ecologists to managers, investors and development agencies. The primary ecological determinants of large mammal communities in African savannas are rainfall and soil nutrients, since these determine the quantity and quality of food available to large herbivores. These ecological determinants are, however, becoming increasingly masked by the effects of land transformation, veterinary controls and wildlife economics. (Author) 95Z/00063 Natmal and unthropqemk disturbances of intertidal ~ o f S g lm-a',,,st,"Htaihmd 1979-1992 B. E. Brown, M. D. Le T'mier, R. P. Dunne & T. P. Scoffin, in:

Proceedl~s of the coiloquh~ on global aspects of coral reefs, M/am/, 1993,ed R.N. Giusburg & F.G.W. Smith, (University of Miami, RSMAS), 1994,pp 279-285.

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Human influeuces include discharge of tin-ore washing liquors onto the reef and the effects of dredging for a deepwater port facility. Natural factors include widespread coral bleaching (po~ibly as a result of increased seawater temperatures) and the effects of sub-acrial exposure and Iocalised solar bleaching. (from Authors) 95Z/00064 Health of fringing reefs ofAmla thrmqlh a decade of change: a ease I~tory from Plmket Island, T h d a n d H. Chansang & N. Phongsuwan, in: Proceedings of the

colloquium on global aspects of coral reefs, Miami, 1993, ed R.N. Ginsburg & F.G.W. Smith, (Univ of Miami, RSMAS), 1994, pp 286-292. Data from 1980-1992 show adecrease oflivecoralcover in five transects, whereas coral cover increased at one site and remained more or less the same at the other. Ofthe sites which showed a decline in coral cover, the causes of decline were natural causes (Acanthaster predation, storm damage, coral bleaching) and man-made effects, (boat anchoring, damage from tourists, coral collection, fishing in reef areas and possibly eutrophication). (from Authors) 95Z/00065 Status of coral reefs in Seutheast Asia: threats and responses C. R. Wilkinson, L. M. Chou, E. Gomez, A. R. Ridzwan, S. Soekarno & S. Sudara, in: Proceedings of the coUoquhun on global aspectsof coralreefs, Miami, 1993,ed R.N. Ginsburg & F.G.W. Smith, (University of Miami, RSMAS), 1994, pp 311317. Coral reefs of SE Asia are both at the center of reef biodiversity, especially the archipelagos of Indonesia and the Philippines, and the focus of rapid economic and population growth. Major stresses are anthropogenic: organic and inorganic pollution, sedimentation and over-exploitation. Many countries have enacted strong legislation to protect coral reefs and gazetted some marine protected areas, but the resources are neither available nor of sufficient priority to ensure adequate protection of their coral reefs. Many reefs have already collapsed. Because human populations are expanding and economies are growing, it is predicted that most of the coral reefs in the region will be exterminated within the next 40 yrs. This situation will only be prevented if governments provide: resources for education for sustainable exploitation practices; management of large areas; and the authority at the local government level for the protection and management of the coral reefs by the people who directly use them. (from Authors) 95Z/00066 Evaluating biodiversity: the Batu Apoi experieuee I. Das, Ambio, 23(4-5), 1994, pp 238-242. Batu Apoi, a dipterocarp forest in Brunei Darussalam being developed into the country's first National Park, is richer in species than might be expected from its size. New species of virtually every group of plants and animals have been identified. (from Author) 95Z/00067 A last chance for Kutal National Park - local industry support for ¢enservation K. MacKinnon, A. Irving & M. A. Bachruddin, Oryx, 28(3), 1994, pp 191-198. Kutai National Park in East Kalimantan was originally established as a game reserve in 1936 and became a national park in 1982. The parks' lowland forests have suffered from logging, agricultural encroachment and extensive fires during the prolonged dry season in 1982 and 1983. During the 1980s a new coal mine opened at Sangatta. Industrial development has provided a new opportunity to strengthen park protection and management. (from Authors) 95Z/00068 Sedimentutien damage to reef corals G. Hodgson, in: Proceedings of the coiloquhun on global aspects of coral reefs, Miami, 1993, ed R.N. Giusburg & F.G.W. Smith, (University of Miami, RSMAS), 1994, pp 298-303. At El Nido, Palauran, Philippines, logging significantly increased soil erosion and sediment t r ~ r t of the bay: > 80% of surface erosion came from logging roads. Coral