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ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE GENE POLYMORPHISM AND THE RISK OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS
238
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Results: MinHR negatively correlated to LDL (p=0,024) and ApoB (p=0,034), MaxRR positively correlated to ApoB (p=0,025) and negatively to Lp(a) (p=0,047). SDNN, SDANN and SD exhibited significant positive correlation to HDL (p<0,028) and negative correlation to triglycerides (p=0,039) and to Lp(a) (p<0,005). VLF positively correlated to LDL (p=0,03) and ApoB (p=0,027) and negatively to Lp(a) (p=0,004). The strong negative correlation of SDANN with triglycerides was maintained after correction for group and anthropometric differences (p=0,025). Multivariate analysis displayed LDL, ApoA, ApoE and Lp(a) as the 4 more reliable variables (initial eigen values > 0,92, 86% of total variance explained) that describe the lipidaemic profile of our patients with regard to their autonomic dysfunction, as expressed by SDANN. Conclusions: LDL, ApoA, ApoE, Lp(a) reliably reflect the lipidaemic profile in association with CAN, as expressed by HRV. Better lipidaemic profile is associated with increased HRV, and probably to decreased risk of sudden cardiac death. 95
EVALUATION OF ADIPONECTIN LEVEL IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH DIABETES TYPE 1
J. Peczynska, B. Glowinska-Olszewska, M. Urban, B. Florys. 2nd Department of Children’s Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland Background and aims: Adipose tissue secretes numerous “adipocytokines” – substances that have systemic influence. Adiponectin has an anti-inflammatory, antiatherogenic properties and increases insulin sensivity. The aim of the study was to evaluate adiponectin levels in young patients with diabetes type 1, and the analysis of the correlation between adiponectin and: BMI, lipid parameters, and microalbuminuria. Methods: The study group formed 90 patients of the Outpatient Diabetology Department of 2nd Department of Children’s Diseases, aged 7 to 18 years, suffering from diabetes from 1 to 16 years. Control group consisted of 20 healthy children, age matched. In all patients were performed: antropometric measurements, metabolic control was evaluated on the basis of HbA1c level, microalbuminuria was studied in 24 hour urine sample. Adiponectin level was assessed by ELISA method. Results: In children and adolescents with diabetes type 1 we found significantly higher levels of adiponectin compared to control group: 32.72±13.49 vs 26.53±7.63 ug/ml; p=0,024. Adiponectin level was higher in girls than in boys (33.56 vs 28.75 ug/ml; p=0,036). Adiponectin level did not depend on metabolic control and on diabetes duration. In patients with diabetic complications we found insignificantly lower adiponectin level compared to patients without late diabetic complications (30.99±14.29 vs 33.67±11.68 ug/ml p=0.35). Conclusions: In patients with diabetes type 1 significantly higher level of adiponectin was found compared to healthy control group. Lower level of adiponectin in patients with late diabetic complications may help to explain the pathogenesis of diabetic macroangiopathy. 96
SUBOPTIMAL TREATMENT OF LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL IN VERY HIGH RISK PATIENTS WITH STABLE CORONARY HEART DISEASE
Rallidis 1 ,
P. Vavoulis 2 , C. Varounis 1 , M. Zolindaki 3 , N. Rodolakis 2 , Papadopoulos 1 , G. Georgoula 1 , T. Apostolou 2 , D. Kremastinos 1 .
L. K. 1 Second Department of Cardiology, University General Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece; 2 Cardiology Department, General Hospital of Nikea, Piraeus, Greece; 3 Biochemistry Laboratory, General Hospital of Nikea, Piraeus, Greece Background and aims: An optional target of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol <70 mg/dl was proposed by National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) in very high risk patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). The aim of this study was to investigate how achievable is this LDL cholesterol target by very high risk stable coronary patients. Methods: We recruited 357 consecutive patients ≤75 years (mean age=63±29 years, men=292) with stable CHD from outpatient cardiologic clinic. We recorded the presence of risk factors and fasting lipids were determined. Patients who smoked, were diabetics or had metabolic syndrome were consider very high risk coronary patients. Results: We found 223 (62.5%) very high risk patients. Their mean levels of lipids were as follows: total cholesterol=179±43 mg/dl, LDL cholesterol=112±35 mg/dl, high density lipoprotein cholesterol=42±10
mg/dl and triglycerides=149±88 mg/dl. 50% were current smokers (mean pack years 59.5), 68.5% had hypertension, 35.2% were obese (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 ), 52.5% were diabetic and 63.7% had metabolic syndrome. The majority of very high risk patients (84.1%) were taking statins. 41.6% of very high risk patients had LDL cholesterol <100 mg/dl of whom 91.5% were on statins, whereas only 10.2% reached the target of LDL cholesterol <70 mg/dl of whom 81.3% were taking statins. Conclusions: Although a high proportion of coronary patients is taking statins the vast majority of very high risk patients does not achieve the optional goal of LDL cholesterol <70 mg/dl. Therefore, a more intensive hypolipidaemic therapy has to be applied. 97
ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE GENE POLYMORPHISM AND THE RISK OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS
T. Peerapatdit 1 , A. Likidlilid 2 , R. Chantawee 2 , D. Tresukosol 1 , C. Sriratanasathavorn 3 , S. Ratnamaneechat 4 . 1 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand 10700; 2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand 10700; 3 Her Majesty’s Cardiac Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand 10700; 4 Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand 10700 Background and aims: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene represents a promising candidate gene for coronary heart disease (CHD) because of its impact on eNOS activity. Nitric oxide (NO), produced by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), plays important roles in normal vascular homeostasis, and reduced endothelial NO bioactivity is an important feature of vascular disease states. It is known that the Glu298Asp (G894T) polymorphic variant of eNOS gene has been associated with vascular disease. Therefore, the aim of this present study was to investigate the associations of Glu298Asp polymorphism in type 2 DM and type 2 DM complicated with CHD compared with healthy control subjects. Methods: The study included 99 unrelated control subjects, 105 type 2 DM subjects with no history of CHD and 91 type 2 DM with CHD >50% epicardial stenosis. gDNA was extracted from leukocyte and this polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: All genotypes of eNOS G894T polymorphism were in consistant with an expected population of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The distribution of TT genotype frequency was significantly higher in DM complicated with CHD when compared with control and DM groups. The risk for DM and CHD was not associated with eNOS G894T polymorphism. Conclusion: These findings suggested that there were no association between the eNOS G894T polymorphism and the development of DM and CHD in these selected population individuals. However, it was found that the TT genotype of eNOS polymorphism was significantly higher in DM with CHD. 98
POLYMORPHISM OF ANGIOTENSINOGEN GENE AND THE RISK OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS
A. Likidlilid 1 , T. Peerapatdit 2 , R. Chantawee 1 , D. Tresukosol 2 , C. Sriratanasathavorn 3 , S. Ratnamaneechat 4 . 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand 10700; 2 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand 10700; 3 Her Majesty’s Cardiac Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand 10700; 4 Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand 10700 Background and aims: Variants of the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene may increase the risk of developing arterial hypertension leading to coronary heart disease (CHD) but the associations between these polymorphisms of AGT gene and the increased risk of CHD are still unclear. It is known that the M235T and T174M polymorphic variants of AGT gene have been associated with CHD. Therefore, the aim of this present study was to investigate the associations of M235T and T174M polymorphisms in type 2 DM and type 2 DM complicated with CHD compared with healthy control subjects.
77th Congress of the European Atherosclerosis Society, April 26–29, 2008, Istanbul, Turkey
Publication Only
Results: MinHR negatively correlated to LDL (p=0,024) and ApoB (p=0,034), MaxRR positively correlated to ApoB (p=0,025) and negatively to Lp(a) (p=0,047). SDNN, SDANN and SD exhibited significant positive correlation to HDL (p<0,028) and negative correlation to triglycerides (p=0,039) and to Lp(a) (p<0,005). VLF positively correlated to LDL (p=0,03) and ApoB (p=0,027) and negatively to Lp(a) (p=0,004). The strong negative correlation of SDANN with triglycerides was maintained after correction for group and anthropometric differences (p=0,025). Multivariate analysis displayed LDL, ApoA, ApoE and Lp(a) as the 4 more reliable variables (initial eigen values > 0,92, 86% of total variance explained) that describe the lipidaemic profile of our patients with regard to their autonomic dysfunction, as expressed by SDANN. Conclusions: LDL, ApoA, ApoE, Lp(a) reliably reflect the lipidaemic profile in association with CAN, as expressed by HRV. Better lipidaemic profile is associated with increased HRV, and probably to decreased risk of sudden cardiac death. 95
EVALUATION OF ADIPONECTIN LEVEL IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH DIABETES TYPE 1
J. Peczynska, B. Glowinska-Olszewska, M. Urban, B. Florys. 2nd Department of Children’s Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland Background and aims: Adipose tissue secretes numerous “adipocytokines” – substances that have systemic influence. Adiponectin has an anti-inflammatory, antiatherogenic properties and increases insulin sensivity. The aim of the study was to evaluate adiponectin levels in young patients with diabetes type 1, and the analysis of the correlation between adiponectin and: BMI, lipid parameters, and microalbuminuria. Methods: The study group formed 90 patients of the Outpatient Diabetology Department of 2nd Department of Children’s Diseases, aged 7 to 18 years, suffering from diabetes from 1 to 16 years. Control group consisted of 20 healthy children, age matched. In all patients were performed: antropometric measurements, metabolic control was evaluated on the basis of HbA1c level, microalbuminuria was studied in 24 hour urine sample. Adiponectin level was assessed by ELISA method. Results: In children and adolescents with diabetes type 1 we found significantly higher levels of adiponectin compared to control group: 32.72±13.49 vs 26.53±7.63 ug/ml; p=0,024. Adiponectin level was higher in girls than in boys (33.56 vs 28.75 ug/ml; p=0,036). Adiponectin level did not depend on metabolic control and on diabetes duration. In patients with diabetic complications we found insignificantly lower adiponectin level compared to patients without late diabetic complications (30.99±14.29 vs 33.67±11.68 ug/ml p=0.35). Conclusions: In patients with diabetes type 1 significantly higher level of adiponectin was found compared to healthy control group. Lower level of adiponectin in patients with late diabetic complications may help to explain the pathogenesis of diabetic macroangiopathy. 96
SUBOPTIMAL TREATMENT OF LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL IN VERY HIGH RISK PATIENTS WITH STABLE CORONARY HEART DISEASE
Rallidis 1 ,
P. Vavoulis 2 , C. Varounis 1 , M. Zolindaki 3 , N. Rodolakis 2 , Papadopoulos 1 , G. Georgoula 1 , T. Apostolou 2 , D. Kremastinos 1 .
L. K. 1 Second Department of Cardiology, University General Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece; 2 Cardiology Department, General Hospital of Nikea, Piraeus, Greece; 3 Biochemistry Laboratory, General Hospital of Nikea, Piraeus, Greece Background and aims: An optional target of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol <70 mg/dl was proposed by National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) in very high risk patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). The aim of this study was to investigate how achievable is this LDL cholesterol target by very high risk stable coronary patients. Methods: We recruited 357 consecutive patients ≤75 years (mean age=63±29 years, men=292) with stable CHD from outpatient cardiologic clinic. We recorded the presence of risk factors and fasting lipids were determined. Patients who smoked, were diabetics or had metabolic syndrome were consider very high risk coronary patients. Results: We found 223 (62.5%) very high risk patients. Their mean levels of lipids were as follows: total cholesterol=179±43 mg/dl, LDL cholesterol=112±35 mg/dl, high density lipoprotein cholesterol=42±10
mg/dl and triglycerides=149±88 mg/dl. 50% were current smokers (mean pack years 59.5), 68.5% had hypertension, 35.2% were obese (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 ), 52.5% were diabetic and 63.7% had metabolic syndrome. The majority of very high risk patients (84.1%) were taking statins. 41.6% of very high risk patients had LDL cholesterol <100 mg/dl of whom 91.5% were on statins, whereas only 10.2% reached the target of LDL cholesterol <70 mg/dl of whom 81.3% were taking statins. Conclusions: Although a high proportion of coronary patients is taking statins the vast majority of very high risk patients does not achieve the optional goal of LDL cholesterol <70 mg/dl. Therefore, a more intensive hypolipidaemic therapy has to be applied. 97
ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE GENE POLYMORPHISM AND THE RISK OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS
T. Peerapatdit 1 , A. Likidlilid 2 , R. Chantawee 2 , D. Tresukosol 1 , C. Sriratanasathavorn 3 , S. Ratnamaneechat 4 . 1 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand 10700; 2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand 10700; 3 Her Majesty’s Cardiac Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand 10700; 4 Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand 10700 Background and aims: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene represents a promising candidate gene for coronary heart disease (CHD) because of its impact on eNOS activity. Nitric oxide (NO), produced by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), plays important roles in normal vascular homeostasis, and reduced endothelial NO bioactivity is an important feature of vascular disease states. It is known that the Glu298Asp (G894T) polymorphic variant of eNOS gene has been associated with vascular disease. Therefore, the aim of this present study was to investigate the associations of Glu298Asp polymorphism in type 2 DM and type 2 DM complicated with CHD compared with healthy control subjects. Methods: The study included 99 unrelated control subjects, 105 type 2 DM subjects with no history of CHD and 91 type 2 DM with CHD >50% epicardial stenosis. gDNA was extracted from leukocyte and this polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: All genotypes of eNOS G894T polymorphism were in consistant with an expected population of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The distribution of TT genotype frequency was significantly higher in DM complicated with CHD when compared with control and DM groups. The risk for DM and CHD was not associated with eNOS G894T polymorphism. Conclusion: These findings suggested that there were no association between the eNOS G894T polymorphism and the development of DM and CHD in these selected population individuals. However, it was found that the TT genotype of eNOS polymorphism was significantly higher in DM with CHD. 98
POLYMORPHISM OF ANGIOTENSINOGEN GENE AND THE RISK OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS
A. Likidlilid 1 , T. Peerapatdit 2 , R. Chantawee 1 , D. Tresukosol 2 , C. Sriratanasathavorn 3 , S. Ratnamaneechat 4 . 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand 10700; 2 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand 10700; 3 Her Majesty’s Cardiac Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand 10700; 4 Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand 10700 Background and aims: Variants of the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene may increase the risk of developing arterial hypertension leading to coronary heart disease (CHD) but the associations between these polymorphisms of AGT gene and the increased risk of CHD are still unclear. It is known that the M235T and T174M polymorphic variants of AGT gene have been associated with CHD. Therefore, the aim of this present study was to investigate the associations of M235T and T174M polymorphisms in type 2 DM and type 2 DM complicated with CHD compared with healthy control subjects.
77th Congress of the European Atherosclerosis Society, April 26–29, 2008, Istanbul, Turkey