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Endurance athletes and osteoarthritis
410 These results indicate that the benefits of H plori eradication in terms of reducing DU recurrence extend to at least 7 years after treatment. When a patient has frequent relapses of DU, traditional practice is to choose between repeated courses or long-term maintenance treatment with H2-receptor antagonists. Our findings suggest that H pylori eradication therapy is a cost effective alternative in the long-term management of patients with DU. GM Forbes t I ) Royal Perth Hospital, Perth. Auslralia
compared with the high-fat diet. This result is due to colonic absorption of carbohydrates after fermentation of malabsorbed carbohydrates. In short, bowel patients with a jejunostomy, nutrient and energy absorption was equal on the two diets, as the deprived large intestinal function was not able to salvage energy from the malabsorbed nutrients. The large intestine is therefore important in the digestion of carbohydrates and hence in the salvage of about 30% of calories absorbed in patients with short bowel and severe malabsorption. I Nordgaard ( 3) University of Copenhagen. DK 2 100 Copenhagen, Denmark
6001
TGF-P activates gene expression. Endurance Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-B) is a multifunctional hormone which regulates many aspects of including cell proliferation and cellular functions, differentiation. The molecular mechanisms of TGF-l.3 signal transduction remains largely unresolved. Available evidence suggests that TGF-B signals through a heteromeric complex of the type I and type II TGF-B receptors. The type 11 receptor, a transmembrane serinethreonine kinase, directly binds TGF-B, but requires the presence of a functional type I TGF-B to signal. Recently, a new transmembrane serine-threonine kinase (R4) was isolated. We demonstrated that R4 is a long sought type I TGF-B receptor, based upon its ability to restore a TGF-P induced gene response in mutant cell lines lacking endogenous type I receptor. Both ligand binding and signaling by R4 was dependent upon the presence of a functional type II receptor. This finding will facilitate a further understanding of the mechanisms by which TGF-B signals, and may shed light upon many important issues involving normal cell growth control and carcinogenesis. Duke University Surham.
Role of large intestine bowel.
in digestion
XF Wang (2) Medical Center, NC 277 IO, USA
of patients with short
athletes and osteoarthritis.
We studied the cumulative 2l-year incidence of hospitalization for osteoarthritis of the hip, knee and ankle joints in former elite male Finnish athletes (N= 2049) compared to referents (N = 1403) who were classified healthy at the age of 20. Endurance athletes, mixed sports athletes and power sports athletes all had higher incidence of hospitalizations for osteoarthritis than referents. In Cox regression analysis the age adjusted odds ratios compared to referents were I .73 (95% confidence interval 0.99 to 3.01. P = 0.063) in endurance sports athletes, I .90 (I.24 to 2.92, P = 0.0030) in mixed sports athletes, and 2. I7 (I .4 I to 3.32, P = 0.0003) in power sports athletes. In endurance athletes the mean age at the first hospitalization was higher than in other groups. Among responders to a questionnaire in 1985 (N = 2046). using a Cox model to adjust for age, occupational group and body-mass index at the age of 20. all sports types had similar odds ratios (2.37 to 2.68) for hospitalizations due to osteoarthritis when compared to referents. In conclusion, athletes from all types of competitive sports are at slightly increased risk to require hospital care because of osteoarthritis of the weight-bearing joints of the lower-limbs. Mixed sports and power sports lead to increased hospitalizations due to premature lower-limb osteoarthritis, but in endurance athletes the need appears first at an older age.
Complex carbohydrates such as starch and fibre are fermented anaerobically by colonic bacteria to short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which are avidly absorbed from the colonic lumen and made available for the oxidative metabolism as an energy source. The ability of the colon to absorb carbohydrates was studied in patients with short bowel and colon in continuity who received either a high-carbohydrate diet (60:20:20% carbohydrate:fat:protein energy ratio) or a high-fat diet (20:60:20% carbohydrate:fat:protein ratios). Patients with an intact colon reduced faecal loss of energy by 2.0 f 0.2 MJ/day, with an increased absorption of energy from 49 to 69%, on the high-carbohydrate diet
Cancer risk in chronic typhoid and paratyphoid
(I) (2)
(3) Lancer 1994;343:373-376 (4) EMJ 1994:308:23 I-34
Lancer Science
1994;343:258-260 1994;263:87-90
UM Kujala (4) Helsinki Research Institute for Sports and Exercise Medicine. SF-00250 Helsinki. Finland
carriers.
A recent study of cancer risk in chronic typhoid and paratyphoid carriers showed a large excess (observed/expected cases) for cancer of the gallbladder (I 67.0;95% confidence interval 54.1-389) and also excess risk of cancer of the pancreas (8. I ), colorectum
compared with the high-fat diet. This result is due to colonic absorption of carbohydrates after fermentation of malabsorbed carbohydrates. In short, bowel patients with a jejunostomy, nutrient and energy absorption was equal on the two diets, as the deprived large intestinal function was not able to salvage energy from the malabsorbed nutrients. The large intestine is therefore important in the digestion of carbohydrates and hence in the salvage of about 30% of calories absorbed in patients with short bowel and severe malabsorption. I Nordgaard ( 3) University of Copenhagen. DK 2 100 Copenhagen, Denmark
6001
TGF-P activates gene expression. Endurance Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-B) is a multifunctional hormone which regulates many aspects of including cell proliferation and cellular functions, differentiation. The molecular mechanisms of TGF-l.3 signal transduction remains largely unresolved. Available evidence suggests that TGF-B signals through a heteromeric complex of the type I and type II TGF-B receptors. The type 11 receptor, a transmembrane serinethreonine kinase, directly binds TGF-B, but requires the presence of a functional type I TGF-B to signal. Recently, a new transmembrane serine-threonine kinase (R4) was isolated. We demonstrated that R4 is a long sought type I TGF-B receptor, based upon its ability to restore a TGF-P induced gene response in mutant cell lines lacking endogenous type I receptor. Both ligand binding and signaling by R4 was dependent upon the presence of a functional type II receptor. This finding will facilitate a further understanding of the mechanisms by which TGF-B signals, and may shed light upon many important issues involving normal cell growth control and carcinogenesis. Duke University Surham.
Role of large intestine bowel.
in digestion
XF Wang (2) Medical Center, NC 277 IO, USA
of patients with short
athletes and osteoarthritis.
We studied the cumulative 2l-year incidence of hospitalization for osteoarthritis of the hip, knee and ankle joints in former elite male Finnish athletes (N= 2049) compared to referents (N = 1403) who were classified healthy at the age of 20. Endurance athletes, mixed sports athletes and power sports athletes all had higher incidence of hospitalizations for osteoarthritis than referents. In Cox regression analysis the age adjusted odds ratios compared to referents were I .73 (95% confidence interval 0.99 to 3.01. P = 0.063) in endurance sports athletes, I .90 (I.24 to 2.92, P = 0.0030) in mixed sports athletes, and 2. I7 (I .4 I to 3.32, P = 0.0003) in power sports athletes. In endurance athletes the mean age at the first hospitalization was higher than in other groups. Among responders to a questionnaire in 1985 (N = 2046). using a Cox model to adjust for age, occupational group and body-mass index at the age of 20. all sports types had similar odds ratios (2.37 to 2.68) for hospitalizations due to osteoarthritis when compared to referents. In conclusion, athletes from all types of competitive sports are at slightly increased risk to require hospital care because of osteoarthritis of the weight-bearing joints of the lower-limbs. Mixed sports and power sports lead to increased hospitalizations due to premature lower-limb osteoarthritis, but in endurance athletes the need appears first at an older age.
Complex carbohydrates such as starch and fibre are fermented anaerobically by colonic bacteria to short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which are avidly absorbed from the colonic lumen and made available for the oxidative metabolism as an energy source. The ability of the colon to absorb carbohydrates was studied in patients with short bowel and colon in continuity who received either a high-carbohydrate diet (60:20:20% carbohydrate:fat:protein energy ratio) or a high-fat diet (20:60:20% carbohydrate:fat:protein ratios). Patients with an intact colon reduced faecal loss of energy by 2.0 f 0.2 MJ/day, with an increased absorption of energy from 49 to 69%, on the high-carbohydrate diet
Cancer risk in chronic typhoid and paratyphoid
(I) (2)
(3) Lancer 1994;343:373-376 (4) EMJ 1994:308:23 I-34
Lancer Science
1994;343:258-260 1994;263:87-90
UM Kujala (4) Helsinki Research Institute for Sports and Exercise Medicine. SF-00250 Helsinki. Finland
carriers.
A recent study of cancer risk in chronic typhoid and paratyphoid carriers showed a large excess (observed/expected cases) for cancer of the gallbladder (I 67.0;95% confidence interval 54.1-389) and also excess risk of cancer of the pancreas (8. I ), colorectum