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Energy distribution of electrons in the positive column of helium discharge
Classified
abstracts
735-746
This analogy demonstrates the similar interaction mechanism of slow electrons with atoms and molecules of gases sorbed on semiconducting and metallic sorbents. M I Datsiev et al, Uch Zap LGU, No 354, 1970, 58-68 (in Russian). 16 735. Variation of planar blocking with the position of emitting atoms. (Germany) The angular distribution and dip area of the planar blocking due to charged particles exiting from a crystal during the passage of energetic charged particles through the crystal lattice, are calculated. Numerical examples of the angular distribution for various positions of the emitting atom are given for the (I I I) planar blocking of protons in germanium. (Japan) K Komaki and F Fujimoto, Phys Stat Sol (a), 2 (4), Aug 1970,875-883. 18. GASEOUS
ELECTRONICS
18 736. Production of a current-less plasma in the resonance radiation diffusion process in a gas mixture containing an easily ionizable component. (USSR)
Using uhf and probe techniques, the currentless cesium plasma produced on illuminating a mixture of caesium and mercury vapours by a mercury resonance line with wavelength of 2537 A is investigated. It is found that caesium vapour ionization occurs on collisions of the second kind between excited mercury atoms and caesium atoms. The energy conversion coefficient of the resonance radiation of 2537 A into ionization energy can be close to unity. V B Brodskiy and A T Voronchev, Zh Tekh Fiz, 40 (9), Sept 1970, 1927-l 930 (in Russian). 737. Investigation of negative hydrogen ion formation double electric layer. (USSR)
I8 in a plasma with
The mass-energy spectrum of hydrogen negative ions extracted from a discharge with double electric layers, is investigated using a magnetic analyzer. It is found that negative hydrogen ions are formed in plasma regions with low electron temperature. It is shown that discharges with a double electric layer can be used to produce a negative hydrogen ion current of 200 ,tA at an emission aperture of I mm diameter and pressure of 2.5 x 10mZtorr. R A Demirkhanov (in Russian).
et al, Zh Tekh Fiz, 40 (9), Sept
Using ultrahigh frequency diagnostics, the recombination coefficient in breaking caesium plasma is measured. The plasma was produced by caesium vapour irradiation by ultraviolet radiation. The caesium vapour pressure was varied from 10e2 to I torr and the pressure of the ballast gas from zero to 100 torr. et al, Zh
739. Energy distribution discharge. (USSR)
Tekh
Fiz, 40 (9), Sept
of electrons
Russim). I8
(USSR) Ion trajectories in Penning discharge space are calculated with the aid of a computer. Using the method of finite differences, potential distribution in Penning cells with various geometry is determined. The ion trajectories are found by integration for ions moving toward cathodes without initial velocities and formed inside the anode, The case is considered in which the magnetic field action on ion trajectory is on average considerably smaller than the electric field influence. It is found that regions inside the anode exist, from which the ions pass through the central aperture in the cathode with a small angular spread. The influence of space charge in the Penning cell is not taken into account. It is shown that at medium anode lengths, the incident angles of ions on the cathode only weakly depend on the ion formation coordinate. For long anodes, the ion trajectories have an oscillatory character. It is found that the initial thermal velocities of ions considerably influence the points of ion incidence on the cathode. T I Ivanova and G E Pustovalov, Zh Tekh Fiz, 40 (I 0), Ott I970,2 I 1221 I8 (in Russian). 741. Ion trajectory calculation
in Penning discharge space.
18 742. Investigation of plasma parameters created by a fast electron beam in a magnetic field. (USSR)
Results are presented for an experimental investigation of electron temperature and charged particle concentration in a plasma created by a pulsed fast electron beam in a magnetic field in helium at 8 x 10ms to I x 10-l torr. It is found that anomalously high electron temperatures may be obtained under certain conditions. In this case, an efficient energy transfer from the electron beam to the plasma is observed. A P Zhilinskiy and I F Liventseva, Zh Tekh Fiz, 40 (IO), Ott 1970, 2082-2090 (in Russian).
1970, 1911-1915
18 738. Recombination coefficient measurement in a plasma obtained by caesium vapour illumination by ultraviolet radiation. (USSR)
V B Brodskiy Russian).
secondary emission resonance discharge. For an efficient secondary emitter (silver alloy with magnesium) the threshold of secondaryemission discharge is decreased to 1.6 kV. The highest threshold voltage of 8.4 kV is observed for zirconium. Placing the resonator in axial magnetic field of 350 Oe results in considerable lowering of the discharge initiating threshold. D A Ganichev et al, Zh TEKH Fiz, 40 (9), Sept 1970, 1895-1899 (in
1970, 1931-1934
(in
18 in the positive column of helium
743. Rectifier effect in arc discharges at low pressure systems with hollow cold cathode. I. (USSR)
18 in electrode
The development of an arc discharge in an electrode system with a hollow cold cathode and a plane anode, in the pressure range 3 x lo-* to I .5 x 10-l torr, is experimentally investigated. It is found that, in a certain pressure range, the hollow cold cathode system with arc discharge exhibits a rectifying action. This effect may be utilized in vacuum-gap devices. E A Koltypin et al, Zh Tekh Fiz, 40 (IO), Ott 1970, 2181-2188 (in Russian). 744. Dynamics of arc discharge and gas ambient in high-current fiers with hollow cold cathode. II. (USSR)
18 recti-
The energy distribution of electrons in the positive column of a helium discharge is measured in the helium pressure range of 8 x 10mL to 3 X 10-r torr. K F Bessonova et al, Zh Tekh Fiz, 40 (9), Sept 1970, 1900-1902 (in
The arc discharge rectifier is described. The vacuum-gap device evacuated to pressure of IO-” to 10-l torr contains a hollow cold cathode and a plane anode. Plasma deionization, current distribution over electrode surface and gas density variations are investigated. E A Koltypin et al, Zh Tekh Fiz, 40 (IO), Ott 1970, 2189-2197 (in
Russiun).
Russian).
740. Investigation of the threshold of secondary-emission discharge in the 2.8 GHz range. (USSR)
18 resonance
The resonance high-frequency secondary-emission discharge may cause considerable deterioration in uhf vacuum-gap device characteristics. Two-electrode secondary emission resonance discharge in the 2.8 GHz range is investigated in experimental devices with toroidal resonators and an evacuated capacitor gap. The devices were evacuated by a mercury diffusion pump, At discharge, the residual gas pressure in the devices was maintained in the range of 6 x lO-8 to lOmBtorr with the aid of liquid nitrogen traps and ionization gauge heads. Amplitudes of the threshold uhf voltage for secondaryemission resonance discharge initiation are determined for different gap materials: silver alloy with magnesium, silver, copper, carbon, titanium and zirconium. It is found that the threshold voltage amplitudes of 3.4 kV in the case of copper and silver are close to the calculated values according to the kinetic theory for the basic type of
745. Low-voltage
arc in a caesium-argon
mixture
18 at low caesium
pressures. (USSR) Results of an investigation of the probe and volt-ampere characteristics of a low-voltage discharge in pure caesium and in a caesiumargon mixture are presented for caesium vapour pressure of 10m2torr and argon pressure from 0 to 60 torr. It is found that plasma density considerably increases with argon introduction which enables the discharge to be maintained at lower voltages on the electrodes. The beam mechanism of current transfer in pure caesium is changed to a diffusion one on the introduction of argon. R Ya Kucherov et al, Zh Tekh Fiz, 40 (IO), Ott 1970, 2175-2180 (in Russian). 746. Excitation of ion-acoustic oscillations and their influence transfer processes in low-temperature caesium plasma. (USSR)
I8 on
Excitation of ion-acoustic oscillations and their influence on transfer 355
abstracts
735-746
This analogy demonstrates the similar interaction mechanism of slow electrons with atoms and molecules of gases sorbed on semiconducting and metallic sorbents. M I Datsiev et al, Uch Zap LGU, No 354, 1970, 58-68 (in Russian). 16 735. Variation of planar blocking with the position of emitting atoms. (Germany) The angular distribution and dip area of the planar blocking due to charged particles exiting from a crystal during the passage of energetic charged particles through the crystal lattice, are calculated. Numerical examples of the angular distribution for various positions of the emitting atom are given for the (I I I) planar blocking of protons in germanium. (Japan) K Komaki and F Fujimoto, Phys Stat Sol (a), 2 (4), Aug 1970,875-883. 18. GASEOUS
ELECTRONICS
18 736. Production of a current-less plasma in the resonance radiation diffusion process in a gas mixture containing an easily ionizable component. (USSR)
Using uhf and probe techniques, the currentless cesium plasma produced on illuminating a mixture of caesium and mercury vapours by a mercury resonance line with wavelength of 2537 A is investigated. It is found that caesium vapour ionization occurs on collisions of the second kind between excited mercury atoms and caesium atoms. The energy conversion coefficient of the resonance radiation of 2537 A into ionization energy can be close to unity. V B Brodskiy and A T Voronchev, Zh Tekh Fiz, 40 (9), Sept 1970, 1927-l 930 (in Russian). 737. Investigation of negative hydrogen ion formation double electric layer. (USSR)
I8 in a plasma with
The mass-energy spectrum of hydrogen negative ions extracted from a discharge with double electric layers, is investigated using a magnetic analyzer. It is found that negative hydrogen ions are formed in plasma regions with low electron temperature. It is shown that discharges with a double electric layer can be used to produce a negative hydrogen ion current of 200 ,tA at an emission aperture of I mm diameter and pressure of 2.5 x 10mZtorr. R A Demirkhanov (in Russian).
et al, Zh Tekh Fiz, 40 (9), Sept
Using ultrahigh frequency diagnostics, the recombination coefficient in breaking caesium plasma is measured. The plasma was produced by caesium vapour irradiation by ultraviolet radiation. The caesium vapour pressure was varied from 10e2 to I torr and the pressure of the ballast gas from zero to 100 torr. et al, Zh
739. Energy distribution discharge. (USSR)
Tekh
Fiz, 40 (9), Sept
of electrons
Russim). I8
(USSR) Ion trajectories in Penning discharge space are calculated with the aid of a computer. Using the method of finite differences, potential distribution in Penning cells with various geometry is determined. The ion trajectories are found by integration for ions moving toward cathodes without initial velocities and formed inside the anode, The case is considered in which the magnetic field action on ion trajectory is on average considerably smaller than the electric field influence. It is found that regions inside the anode exist, from which the ions pass through the central aperture in the cathode with a small angular spread. The influence of space charge in the Penning cell is not taken into account. It is shown that at medium anode lengths, the incident angles of ions on the cathode only weakly depend on the ion formation coordinate. For long anodes, the ion trajectories have an oscillatory character. It is found that the initial thermal velocities of ions considerably influence the points of ion incidence on the cathode. T I Ivanova and G E Pustovalov, Zh Tekh Fiz, 40 (I 0), Ott I970,2 I 1221 I8 (in Russian). 741. Ion trajectory calculation
in Penning discharge space.
18 742. Investigation of plasma parameters created by a fast electron beam in a magnetic field. (USSR)
Results are presented for an experimental investigation of electron temperature and charged particle concentration in a plasma created by a pulsed fast electron beam in a magnetic field in helium at 8 x 10ms to I x 10-l torr. It is found that anomalously high electron temperatures may be obtained under certain conditions. In this case, an efficient energy transfer from the electron beam to the plasma is observed. A P Zhilinskiy and I F Liventseva, Zh Tekh Fiz, 40 (IO), Ott 1970, 2082-2090 (in Russian).
1970, 1911-1915
18 738. Recombination coefficient measurement in a plasma obtained by caesium vapour illumination by ultraviolet radiation. (USSR)
V B Brodskiy Russian).
secondary emission resonance discharge. For an efficient secondary emitter (silver alloy with magnesium) the threshold of secondaryemission discharge is decreased to 1.6 kV. The highest threshold voltage of 8.4 kV is observed for zirconium. Placing the resonator in axial magnetic field of 350 Oe results in considerable lowering of the discharge initiating threshold. D A Ganichev et al, Zh TEKH Fiz, 40 (9), Sept 1970, 1895-1899 (in
1970, 1931-1934
(in
18 in the positive column of helium
743. Rectifier effect in arc discharges at low pressure systems with hollow cold cathode. I. (USSR)
18 in electrode
The development of an arc discharge in an electrode system with a hollow cold cathode and a plane anode, in the pressure range 3 x lo-* to I .5 x 10-l torr, is experimentally investigated. It is found that, in a certain pressure range, the hollow cold cathode system with arc discharge exhibits a rectifying action. This effect may be utilized in vacuum-gap devices. E A Koltypin et al, Zh Tekh Fiz, 40 (IO), Ott 1970, 2181-2188 (in Russian). 744. Dynamics of arc discharge and gas ambient in high-current fiers with hollow cold cathode. II. (USSR)
18 recti-
The energy distribution of electrons in the positive column of a helium discharge is measured in the helium pressure range of 8 x 10mL to 3 X 10-r torr. K F Bessonova et al, Zh Tekh Fiz, 40 (9), Sept 1970, 1900-1902 (in
The arc discharge rectifier is described. The vacuum-gap device evacuated to pressure of IO-” to 10-l torr contains a hollow cold cathode and a plane anode. Plasma deionization, current distribution over electrode surface and gas density variations are investigated. E A Koltypin et al, Zh Tekh Fiz, 40 (IO), Ott 1970, 2189-2197 (in
Russiun).
Russian).
740. Investigation of the threshold of secondary-emission discharge in the 2.8 GHz range. (USSR)
18 resonance
The resonance high-frequency secondary-emission discharge may cause considerable deterioration in uhf vacuum-gap device characteristics. Two-electrode secondary emission resonance discharge in the 2.8 GHz range is investigated in experimental devices with toroidal resonators and an evacuated capacitor gap. The devices were evacuated by a mercury diffusion pump, At discharge, the residual gas pressure in the devices was maintained in the range of 6 x lO-8 to lOmBtorr with the aid of liquid nitrogen traps and ionization gauge heads. Amplitudes of the threshold uhf voltage for secondaryemission resonance discharge initiation are determined for different gap materials: silver alloy with magnesium, silver, copper, carbon, titanium and zirconium. It is found that the threshold voltage amplitudes of 3.4 kV in the case of copper and silver are close to the calculated values according to the kinetic theory for the basic type of
745. Low-voltage
arc in a caesium-argon
mixture
18 at low caesium
pressures. (USSR) Results of an investigation of the probe and volt-ampere characteristics of a low-voltage discharge in pure caesium and in a caesiumargon mixture are presented for caesium vapour pressure of 10m2torr and argon pressure from 0 to 60 torr. It is found that plasma density considerably increases with argon introduction which enables the discharge to be maintained at lower voltages on the electrodes. The beam mechanism of current transfer in pure caesium is changed to a diffusion one on the introduction of argon. R Ya Kucherov et al, Zh Tekh Fiz, 40 (IO), Ott 1970, 2175-2180 (in Russian). 746. Excitation of ion-acoustic oscillations and their influence transfer processes in low-temperature caesium plasma. (USSR)
I8 on
Excitation of ion-acoustic oscillations and their influence on transfer 355