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Engineering behaviour of Lanzhou loess
137A
903049 Thermal response of rock to friction in the drag cutting process Glowka, D A J Struct Geoi VII, N7, 1989, P919-931 Drag cutting is widely used in mining and drilling rocks. Frictional heating can play an important role in determining the cutter life and economics of PDC bits. Heat generation during cutting, thermal and mechanical loads imposed, and the response of the rock to frictional heating are analysed. Although heat conduction during the short chip formation process is limited, elevated temperatures may be achieved because of internal frictional heating due to shear deformation. Temperature and pressure achieved are sufficient to cause metamorphism of some rock constituents.
903050 Establishing the elastic characteristics of soil bases for calculations of the earthquake-resistance of pile foundations Titov, V Y; Uzdin, A M Soil Mecli Found Engng V26, NI. Jan-Feb 1989. PI8-20 Dynamic behaviour of pile foundations is affected by the properties of the soil mass within which they are inserted. Density can be easily obtained from survey data or the literature. Poisson's ratio has little influence on behaviour and so an average value can be taken. Young's modulus has a significant influence. A procedure is presented to calculate the variation with depth of E for a soil mass, for input into a finite element analysis using a half plane and Winkler model.
903051 Undrained shear strength anisotropy of Ko-overconsolidated cohesive soils. Technical note Kamei, T; Nakase, A Soils Found V29. N3. Sept 1989, P145-151 Undrained triaxial compression and extension tests with Koconsolidation and Ko rebound were carried out on two cohesive soils. Undrained shear strength anisotropy was approximately constant over the OCR range 1-10. This was considered due to inherent structural anisotropy produced during Ko-consolidation before rebound being maintained during swelling. Clay fraction and plasticity index seemed to influence the constant undrained shear strength anisotropy.
903052 Application of geotechnicai testing to the mining of coal Jermy, C A; Ward, J R Proc 1st Regional Conference for Africa, Rock Mechanics in Africa, Swaziland, 3.4 November 1988 P267-272. Publ Marshalltown: SANGORM. 1988 Borehole cores from South African collieries show the rock may be divided into 24 distinct facies. Brazilian, direct tensile, uniaxial compressive, and point load strengths, and durability on exposure to moisture were examined. Properties have been related to mining conditions. Durability and tensile strength can be related to roof rock behaviour. Uniaxial strength is easily measured, but is a poor indicator of roof performance, although it can be applied to understanding of floor behaviour and in pillar design.
9O3053 In-situ loading tests of coal seams with respect to the problem of rock burst hazard Bich, J A: Feldman, I A: Fadeeve, A B Proc 2nd International Symposium on Field Measurements in Geomechanics, Kobe, 6-9 April 1987 V2, P789.797. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1988 Full scale in situ tests may be carried out using steel plates separated by hydraulic jacks inserted in slots cut in the rock massif. Static, cyclic loading, and creep tests are described. Interpretation of test results plus measurements of temperature and moisture content to evaluate rockburst proneness is discussed. Dynamic loading is possible using quick action hydraulic circuits. The equipment is described, and some results from the Vorkuta coal basin, USSR, presented. Correlations between in situ loading test results and those from laboratory and index tests are considered. 903054 Shear modulus of collapsible loess Jiang, P; Sun, D A
Proc International Conference on Engineering Problems of Regional Soils, Beijing, 11-15 August 1988 P251-254. Publ Beijing: International Academic Publishers, 1989 The change in shear modulus due to saturation was determined for three loess soils using both dynamic (resonant column) andstatic (confined compression, lateral pressure) tests. The extent of the change depends on collapsibility. Shear modulus varies with consolidation for each soil in both natural and saturated conditions. Results have important application in hydraulic engineering.
903055 Basic static properties of loess under high pressure Lin, D M Proc International Conference on Enh,ineering Problems of Regional Soils, Be(jing, 11-15 August 1988 P269-272. Publ Be(jing: International Academic Publishers. 1989 Unconsolidated undrained, consolidated undrained, and consolidated drained triaxial tests were carried out on samples of three loessial soils at a range of confining pressures. The nonlinear behaviour observed could be described by a Duncan and Chang type hyperbolic constitutive model. 903056 Deformation parameters of loess Milovic, D Proc International Conference on Engineering Problems of
Regional Soils, Beijing, 11-15 August 1988 P277-282. Publ Beijing: International Academic Publishers. 1989 Foundations on loess soils can be very sensitive to settlement caused by water penetration. Unconfined compression tests and consolidation tests were carried out on over 450 undisturbed samples taken from test pits. Correlations between deformation parameters and density and water content were obtained. 903057 Engineering behaviour of Lanzhou loess Tsien, S I; Liu, Y Proc International Conference on Engineering Problems of
Regional Soils, Belting, 11-15 August 1988 P324-327. Publ Belting: International Academic Publishers. 1989 The geological origin of Lanzhou loess is described. Laboratory measured geotechnical properties are illustrated: structure, strength and deformation, collapsibility, permeability, and rheology. Field immersion test results are also presented.
© 1990 Pergamon Press pie. Reproduction not permitted RMMS273~
138A Remedial and preventative measures against failure of hydraulic structures in loess are discussed, including prevention of water infiltration, pre-compaction, and pre-wetting.
903062 Charaeterising the mechanical properties of in-situ residual soil Vaughan, P R Proc 2nd International Conference on Geomechanics in
903058 Study of stress-strain-strength characteristics of collapsible loess before and after dynamic consolidation Wang, J C: Fan. W Y Proc International Conference on Engineering Problems of
Tropical Soils, Singapore, 12-14 December 1988. Supplementary Documentation P20-37. Publ Singapore." ISSMFE. 1988
Regional Soils, Beijing, 11-15 August 1988 P332-335. Publ Beijing: International Academic Publishers. 1989 Stress strain curves from triaxial tests on horizontal and vertical samples of a self-subsiding non-collapsible loess with and without dynamic consolidation are illustrated. Differences are discussed, and mathematical models to describe the bchaviour are presented. When results are normalized with respect to consolidation stress, much greater scatter is seen for results from untreated soil.
903059 Dynamic deformation research of intact loess Wu, Z H; Xic, D Y; Chcn, X J Proc International Conference on Engineering Problems of
Regional Soils, Beijing, !1-15 August 1988 P336-339. Publ Beijing: International Academic Publishers. 1989
The structure and fabric of residual soils, which is related to the in situ formation, is discussed and compared with that of transported soils. Mineralogy and fabric, and the weakly bonded nature of residual soils are described, and influence of these properties on yield and pre- and post-yield behaviour, influence of original in situ stress on yield, bchaviour on compression, creep and sensitivity examined. Determination and prediction of yield and failure on the basis of laboratory or field tests, and index tests to determine the engineering characteristics of residual soils are discussed. 53 refs.
903063 Construction of dams, roads, air fields, land reclamation in or on tropical soils Chin, F K Proc 2nd International Conference on Geomechanics in Tropical Soils, Singapore, 12-14 December 1988. Supplementary Documentation P92-102. Publ Singapore: ISSMFE. I988
To simulate possible loading paths at an airport site, loess samples with different initial water content were tested in a dynamic uniaxial compression device under different combinations of static, wetting, and dynamic loading. The interactions of the components of strain and the effects of stress path are examined and discussed.
The influence of soil suction on mechanical properties, effect of saturation on permeability, optimum moisture content for compaction, soil collapse on saturation, and grading of tropical residual soils are first considered. Some suitable laboratory and field tests to evaluate these soils are next examined. Design of cuttings and foundations, soil stabilisation, and construction techniques are discussed.
903060 Hock-Brown failure criterion - a 1988 update Hock, E; Brown, E T Proc 15th Canadian Rock Mechanics Symposium, Rock Engineering for Underground Excavations, 3-4 October 1988 P31-38. Publ Toronto: Unit'ersio" of Toronto, 1988
903064 Case study w.r.t, geotechnical aspects for the pressure tunnel of Sanjay Vidyut Pariyojana-Bhaba Agarwal, K B; Singh, B; Saran, S; Jain, P K; Chandra, S Proc International Symposium Tunnelling for Water Resources and Power Projects, New Delhi, 19-23 January 1988 VI. P375-383. Publ New Delhi: Ox/brd and IBH Publishmg Co. 1988
The Hoek-Brown brittle failure criterion is widely used to estimate strength of jointed rock masses. A summary of equations defining the failure criterion in terms of major and minor principal stresses and normal and shear stresses is presented. Approximate relations between the constants m and s and the Bieniawski rock mass classification for disturbed and undisturbed rock masses are shown. Limitations of the criterion and guidance on selection of the constants are discussed.
903061 New considerations about typical tropical soils Vertamatti, E Proc 2nd International Conference on Geomechanics in Tropical Soils, Singapore, 12-14 December 1988 VI, P429436. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1988 Three main soil types occur in the Amazon area of Brazil, fine sedimentary, plinthitic and lateritic. Data from airfields constructed in the area are used to identify macrozones with distinctive geotechnical properties. MCT. which uses analysis of total compaction curves and soaking under different moisture conditions, and resilient criteria were used to analyse samples, and results have led to establishment of new geotechnical behaviour standards adapted for adequate selection and use of typical tropical soils in pavement layers.
Comprehensive geotechnical testing at the site for a hydro electric project is described. Two test drifts were constructed and properties of the gneiss, schist, pegmatite and amphibolitc present were determined. Vertical and horizontal plate load tests were performed in situ. and ultrasonic, loading and uniaxial compression tests in the laboratory. The rock masses were classified according to Bicniawski's RMR and Barton's Q-system. Results are presented and discussed in detail. 903065 Punch test: quick and complete measurements using a compact apparatus (In French) Brych. J; Jadin, V; Nsenga. N; Deschutter, R
Proc International Symposium on Rock at Great Depth, Pau, 28-31 August 1989 VI. P227-232. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema. 1989 Punch resistance, introduced by Schreincr, is an important concept for studying drillability in rotary drilling and in rock cutting. A new punch resistance apparatus has been developed which is capable of extremely rapid testing. It allows measurement of punch resistance, and also punch resistance on the free edges of laboratory samples or directly on samples in the field.
~ 1990 Pergamon Press plc. Reproduction not permitted
903049 Thermal response of rock to friction in the drag cutting process Glowka, D A J Struct Geoi VII, N7, 1989, P919-931 Drag cutting is widely used in mining and drilling rocks. Frictional heating can play an important role in determining the cutter life and economics of PDC bits. Heat generation during cutting, thermal and mechanical loads imposed, and the response of the rock to frictional heating are analysed. Although heat conduction during the short chip formation process is limited, elevated temperatures may be achieved because of internal frictional heating due to shear deformation. Temperature and pressure achieved are sufficient to cause metamorphism of some rock constituents.
903050 Establishing the elastic characteristics of soil bases for calculations of the earthquake-resistance of pile foundations Titov, V Y; Uzdin, A M Soil Mecli Found Engng V26, NI. Jan-Feb 1989. PI8-20 Dynamic behaviour of pile foundations is affected by the properties of the soil mass within which they are inserted. Density can be easily obtained from survey data or the literature. Poisson's ratio has little influence on behaviour and so an average value can be taken. Young's modulus has a significant influence. A procedure is presented to calculate the variation with depth of E for a soil mass, for input into a finite element analysis using a half plane and Winkler model.
903051 Undrained shear strength anisotropy of Ko-overconsolidated cohesive soils. Technical note Kamei, T; Nakase, A Soils Found V29. N3. Sept 1989, P145-151 Undrained triaxial compression and extension tests with Koconsolidation and Ko rebound were carried out on two cohesive soils. Undrained shear strength anisotropy was approximately constant over the OCR range 1-10. This was considered due to inherent structural anisotropy produced during Ko-consolidation before rebound being maintained during swelling. Clay fraction and plasticity index seemed to influence the constant undrained shear strength anisotropy.
903052 Application of geotechnicai testing to the mining of coal Jermy, C A; Ward, J R Proc 1st Regional Conference for Africa, Rock Mechanics in Africa, Swaziland, 3.4 November 1988 P267-272. Publ Marshalltown: SANGORM. 1988 Borehole cores from South African collieries show the rock may be divided into 24 distinct facies. Brazilian, direct tensile, uniaxial compressive, and point load strengths, and durability on exposure to moisture were examined. Properties have been related to mining conditions. Durability and tensile strength can be related to roof rock behaviour. Uniaxial strength is easily measured, but is a poor indicator of roof performance, although it can be applied to understanding of floor behaviour and in pillar design.
9O3053 In-situ loading tests of coal seams with respect to the problem of rock burst hazard Bich, J A: Feldman, I A: Fadeeve, A B Proc 2nd International Symposium on Field Measurements in Geomechanics, Kobe, 6-9 April 1987 V2, P789.797. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1988 Full scale in situ tests may be carried out using steel plates separated by hydraulic jacks inserted in slots cut in the rock massif. Static, cyclic loading, and creep tests are described. Interpretation of test results plus measurements of temperature and moisture content to evaluate rockburst proneness is discussed. Dynamic loading is possible using quick action hydraulic circuits. The equipment is described, and some results from the Vorkuta coal basin, USSR, presented. Correlations between in situ loading test results and those from laboratory and index tests are considered. 903054 Shear modulus of collapsible loess Jiang, P; Sun, D A
Proc International Conference on Engineering Problems of Regional Soils, Beijing, 11-15 August 1988 P251-254. Publ Beijing: International Academic Publishers, 1989 The change in shear modulus due to saturation was determined for three loess soils using both dynamic (resonant column) andstatic (confined compression, lateral pressure) tests. The extent of the change depends on collapsibility. Shear modulus varies with consolidation for each soil in both natural and saturated conditions. Results have important application in hydraulic engineering.
903055 Basic static properties of loess under high pressure Lin, D M Proc International Conference on Enh,ineering Problems of Regional Soils, Be(jing, 11-15 August 1988 P269-272. Publ Be(jing: International Academic Publishers. 1989 Unconsolidated undrained, consolidated undrained, and consolidated drained triaxial tests were carried out on samples of three loessial soils at a range of confining pressures. The nonlinear behaviour observed could be described by a Duncan and Chang type hyperbolic constitutive model. 903056 Deformation parameters of loess Milovic, D Proc International Conference on Engineering Problems of
Regional Soils, Beijing, 11-15 August 1988 P277-282. Publ Beijing: International Academic Publishers. 1989 Foundations on loess soils can be very sensitive to settlement caused by water penetration. Unconfined compression tests and consolidation tests were carried out on over 450 undisturbed samples taken from test pits. Correlations between deformation parameters and density and water content were obtained. 903057 Engineering behaviour of Lanzhou loess Tsien, S I; Liu, Y Proc International Conference on Engineering Problems of
Regional Soils, Belting, 11-15 August 1988 P324-327. Publ Belting: International Academic Publishers. 1989 The geological origin of Lanzhou loess is described. Laboratory measured geotechnical properties are illustrated: structure, strength and deformation, collapsibility, permeability, and rheology. Field immersion test results are also presented.
© 1990 Pergamon Press pie. Reproduction not permitted RMMS273~
138A Remedial and preventative measures against failure of hydraulic structures in loess are discussed, including prevention of water infiltration, pre-compaction, and pre-wetting.
903062 Charaeterising the mechanical properties of in-situ residual soil Vaughan, P R Proc 2nd International Conference on Geomechanics in
903058 Study of stress-strain-strength characteristics of collapsible loess before and after dynamic consolidation Wang, J C: Fan. W Y Proc International Conference on Engineering Problems of
Tropical Soils, Singapore, 12-14 December 1988. Supplementary Documentation P20-37. Publ Singapore." ISSMFE. 1988
Regional Soils, Beijing, 11-15 August 1988 P332-335. Publ Beijing: International Academic Publishers. 1989 Stress strain curves from triaxial tests on horizontal and vertical samples of a self-subsiding non-collapsible loess with and without dynamic consolidation are illustrated. Differences are discussed, and mathematical models to describe the bchaviour are presented. When results are normalized with respect to consolidation stress, much greater scatter is seen for results from untreated soil.
903059 Dynamic deformation research of intact loess Wu, Z H; Xic, D Y; Chcn, X J Proc International Conference on Engineering Problems of
Regional Soils, Beijing, !1-15 August 1988 P336-339. Publ Beijing: International Academic Publishers. 1989
The structure and fabric of residual soils, which is related to the in situ formation, is discussed and compared with that of transported soils. Mineralogy and fabric, and the weakly bonded nature of residual soils are described, and influence of these properties on yield and pre- and post-yield behaviour, influence of original in situ stress on yield, bchaviour on compression, creep and sensitivity examined. Determination and prediction of yield and failure on the basis of laboratory or field tests, and index tests to determine the engineering characteristics of residual soils are discussed. 53 refs.
903063 Construction of dams, roads, air fields, land reclamation in or on tropical soils Chin, F K Proc 2nd International Conference on Geomechanics in Tropical Soils, Singapore, 12-14 December 1988. Supplementary Documentation P92-102. Publ Singapore: ISSMFE. I988
To simulate possible loading paths at an airport site, loess samples with different initial water content were tested in a dynamic uniaxial compression device under different combinations of static, wetting, and dynamic loading. The interactions of the components of strain and the effects of stress path are examined and discussed.
The influence of soil suction on mechanical properties, effect of saturation on permeability, optimum moisture content for compaction, soil collapse on saturation, and grading of tropical residual soils are first considered. Some suitable laboratory and field tests to evaluate these soils are next examined. Design of cuttings and foundations, soil stabilisation, and construction techniques are discussed.
903060 Hock-Brown failure criterion - a 1988 update Hock, E; Brown, E T Proc 15th Canadian Rock Mechanics Symposium, Rock Engineering for Underground Excavations, 3-4 October 1988 P31-38. Publ Toronto: Unit'ersio" of Toronto, 1988
903064 Case study w.r.t, geotechnical aspects for the pressure tunnel of Sanjay Vidyut Pariyojana-Bhaba Agarwal, K B; Singh, B; Saran, S; Jain, P K; Chandra, S Proc International Symposium Tunnelling for Water Resources and Power Projects, New Delhi, 19-23 January 1988 VI. P375-383. Publ New Delhi: Ox/brd and IBH Publishmg Co. 1988
The Hoek-Brown brittle failure criterion is widely used to estimate strength of jointed rock masses. A summary of equations defining the failure criterion in terms of major and minor principal stresses and normal and shear stresses is presented. Approximate relations between the constants m and s and the Bieniawski rock mass classification for disturbed and undisturbed rock masses are shown. Limitations of the criterion and guidance on selection of the constants are discussed.
903061 New considerations about typical tropical soils Vertamatti, E Proc 2nd International Conference on Geomechanics in Tropical Soils, Singapore, 12-14 December 1988 VI, P429436. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1988 Three main soil types occur in the Amazon area of Brazil, fine sedimentary, plinthitic and lateritic. Data from airfields constructed in the area are used to identify macrozones with distinctive geotechnical properties. MCT. which uses analysis of total compaction curves and soaking under different moisture conditions, and resilient criteria were used to analyse samples, and results have led to establishment of new geotechnical behaviour standards adapted for adequate selection and use of typical tropical soils in pavement layers.
Comprehensive geotechnical testing at the site for a hydro electric project is described. Two test drifts were constructed and properties of the gneiss, schist, pegmatite and amphibolitc present were determined. Vertical and horizontal plate load tests were performed in situ. and ultrasonic, loading and uniaxial compression tests in the laboratory. The rock masses were classified according to Bicniawski's RMR and Barton's Q-system. Results are presented and discussed in detail. 903065 Punch test: quick and complete measurements using a compact apparatus (In French) Brych. J; Jadin, V; Nsenga. N; Deschutter, R
Proc International Symposium on Rock at Great Depth, Pau, 28-31 August 1989 VI. P227-232. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema. 1989 Punch resistance, introduced by Schreincr, is an important concept for studying drillability in rotary drilling and in rock cutting. A new punch resistance apparatus has been developed which is capable of extremely rapid testing. It allows measurement of punch resistance, and also punch resistance on the free edges of laboratory samples or directly on samples in the field.
~ 1990 Pergamon Press plc. Reproduction not permitted