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Enhanced Tumor Growth in Experimental Whole Body Hyperthermia
832
DISEASES OF BLOOD VESSELS, HYPERTENSION AND RENOVASCULAR SURGERY
aid in diagnosis and monitoring of patients with prostatic cancer. 2 figures, 2 tables, 8 references
Abstracter's comment. Prostatic specific antigen is found in normal cells, benign prostatic hyperplasia and carcinoma of the prostatic acid phosphatase is sensitive and specific enough for screening purposes, they are useful to monitor the patients. cell is independent of prostatic acid phosphatase. A number of antibodies are produced against this antigen, including monoclonal antibody. Therefore, one can localize this antigen in cancer cells. Although neither prostatic specific antigen nor prostatic acid phosphatase are sensitive and specific enough for screening purposes, they are useful to monitor the patients. Furthermore, this antigen can be used by histochemical techniques to differentiate metastatic carcinoma of the prostate from other cancers. N.J. Enhanced Tumor Growth in Experimental Whole Body Hyperthermia A. G. WILE, M. Y. NAHABEDIAN AND G. R. MASON, Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California
J. Surg. Oncol., 24: 119-123 (Oct.) 1983 Selective cytotoxic effects of hyperthermia on primary and metastatic cancer cells have been reported. The mechanisms involve the destruction of cytoplasm, inhibition of replication of deoxyribonucleic and ribonucleic acids, and other cellular proteins. Generally, temperatures of 41 and 43C can destroy the neoplastic cells selectively. However, temperatures >44C result in nonselective cytotoxicity. The use of local or systemic hyperthermia to destroy cancer cells is discussed. The methods of local hyperthermia include isolation of perfusion, radiofrequency waves, short waves, ultrasound and warm water immersion. Most methods of general hyperthermia for the clinical treatment of metastases involve heating blankets or encasement in molten paraffin. Laboratory investigation of whole body heat has been difficult in the past owing to the lack of suitable heat delivery. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of whole body heat with or without chemotherapy by extracorporeal perfusion in rabbits with VX-2 rabbit carcinoma, a derivative of Shope virus papilloma. The method has been discussed extensively. The extracorporeal techniques prove to be safe and efficient for achieving rapid elevation of body temperature. The results of this study show no benefit to the tumor-bearing rabbits by whole body temperature. The animal receiving cisplatinum only survived longer than those with hyperthermia. The authors have concluded that hyperthermia in this model is detrimental to the animal with tumor. They have suggested that in the light of these findings a reevaluation of clinical whole body heat may be in order. NJ. 1 figure, 36 references
Selenium Efficiently Depressed Toxic Side Effect of CisDiammi:nedichloroplati:num
A.
NAGANUMA, M. SATOH, M. YOKOYAMA AND N. IMURA, Department of Public Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, and Department of Urology, Branch Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Res. Comm. Chem. Path. Pharm., 42: 127-134 (Oct.) 1983
It is believed that the renal toxicity of platinum is due to heavy metal poisoning. Because selenium protects against heavy metal toxicity the authors studied the effects of sodium selenite on the toxicity and antitumor activity of platinum in male mice. The first group of mice were given a lethal dose of platinum, the second group were given 10 days of therapy with sodium selenite after a single lethal injection of platinum and the third group consisted of saline controls. Renal function was monitored by blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, whereas antitumor activity was ascertained in another group of animals using the Ehrlich ascites tumor cell model. In the toxicity studies all mice receiving platinum alone died. No increase in BUN levels or deaths were recorded in the group receiving sodium selenite and platinum. Likewise, the antitumor activity of platinum was not affected by the administration of sodium selenite. Of interest, sodium selenite alone did have some antitumor activity. It is postulated that the mechanism of action of the selenium is in the formation of a heavy metal-selenium complex. J.D.S. 1 figure, 2 tables, 21 references
DISEASES OF BLOOD VESSELS, HYPERTENSION AND RENOV ASCULAR SURGERY Erythrocyte Age-Fractionation Using a Percoll™-Renografin" Density Gradient: Application to Autologou.s Red Cell Antigen Determinations in Recently Transfused Patients D.R. BRANCH, A. L. S.S. HIAN, F. CARLSON, W. C. MASLOW AND L. D. PETZ, Department of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Division of Medicine and the Division of Clinical Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
Amer. J. Clin. Path., 80: 453-458 (Oct.) 1983 Techniques for the separation of human red blood cells into fractions according to age and the preparation of blood samples highly enriched in the reticulocytes should prove useful to hematologists. Previous reports have described methods that apparently have yielded excellent reticulocyte enrichment, although few data were presented. Other investigators had little success or failed to report on the reticulocyte enrichment achieved. In this report a rapid technique for the age-fractionation of human erythrocytes into reticulocyte-enriched (young) and reticulocyte-poor (old) red blood cells using an isopyknic density gradient centrifugation through Percoll-diatrizoate meglumine was evaluated for use in autologous red blood cell antigen determinations in multiple-transfused patients. The fractionation was demonstrated by statistically significant densityrelated changes in pyruvate kinase and acetylcholinesterase activities (p = 0.002 and 0.042, respectively) and by the distribution of reticulocytes on the gradient (p <0.005). With initial reticulocyte counts ~1.5 per cent, reticulocyte counts ~78 per cent were achieved (mean 25 per cent, 31 samples). When starting with reticulocyte counts >5 per cent, samples containing up to 98 per cent reticulocytes were obtained (mean 64 per cent, 7 samples). The technique requires <2 hours, uses isotonic media and is nontoxic to red blood cells. Volumes of red blood cells ~10 ml. can be fractionated at 1 time and the gradient medium is stable when refrigerated at 4C.
DISEASES OF BLOOD VESSELS, HYPERTENSION AND RENOVASCULAR SURGERY
aid in diagnosis and monitoring of patients with prostatic cancer. 2 figures, 2 tables, 8 references
Abstracter's comment. Prostatic specific antigen is found in normal cells, benign prostatic hyperplasia and carcinoma of the prostatic acid phosphatase is sensitive and specific enough for screening purposes, they are useful to monitor the patients. cell is independent of prostatic acid phosphatase. A number of antibodies are produced against this antigen, including monoclonal antibody. Therefore, one can localize this antigen in cancer cells. Although neither prostatic specific antigen nor prostatic acid phosphatase are sensitive and specific enough for screening purposes, they are useful to monitor the patients. Furthermore, this antigen can be used by histochemical techniques to differentiate metastatic carcinoma of the prostate from other cancers. N.J. Enhanced Tumor Growth in Experimental Whole Body Hyperthermia A. G. WILE, M. Y. NAHABEDIAN AND G. R. MASON, Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California
J. Surg. Oncol., 24: 119-123 (Oct.) 1983 Selective cytotoxic effects of hyperthermia on primary and metastatic cancer cells have been reported. The mechanisms involve the destruction of cytoplasm, inhibition of replication of deoxyribonucleic and ribonucleic acids, and other cellular proteins. Generally, temperatures of 41 and 43C can destroy the neoplastic cells selectively. However, temperatures >44C result in nonselective cytotoxicity. The use of local or systemic hyperthermia to destroy cancer cells is discussed. The methods of local hyperthermia include isolation of perfusion, radiofrequency waves, short waves, ultrasound and warm water immersion. Most methods of general hyperthermia for the clinical treatment of metastases involve heating blankets or encasement in molten paraffin. Laboratory investigation of whole body heat has been difficult in the past owing to the lack of suitable heat delivery. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of whole body heat with or without chemotherapy by extracorporeal perfusion in rabbits with VX-2 rabbit carcinoma, a derivative of Shope virus papilloma. The method has been discussed extensively. The extracorporeal techniques prove to be safe and efficient for achieving rapid elevation of body temperature. The results of this study show no benefit to the tumor-bearing rabbits by whole body temperature. The animal receiving cisplatinum only survived longer than those with hyperthermia. The authors have concluded that hyperthermia in this model is detrimental to the animal with tumor. They have suggested that in the light of these findings a reevaluation of clinical whole body heat may be in order. NJ. 1 figure, 36 references
Selenium Efficiently Depressed Toxic Side Effect of CisDiammi:nedichloroplati:num
A.
NAGANUMA, M. SATOH, M. YOKOYAMA AND N. IMURA, Department of Public Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, and Department of Urology, Branch Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Res. Comm. Chem. Path. Pharm., 42: 127-134 (Oct.) 1983
It is believed that the renal toxicity of platinum is due to heavy metal poisoning. Because selenium protects against heavy metal toxicity the authors studied the effects of sodium selenite on the toxicity and antitumor activity of platinum in male mice. The first group of mice were given a lethal dose of platinum, the second group were given 10 days of therapy with sodium selenite after a single lethal injection of platinum and the third group consisted of saline controls. Renal function was monitored by blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, whereas antitumor activity was ascertained in another group of animals using the Ehrlich ascites tumor cell model. In the toxicity studies all mice receiving platinum alone died. No increase in BUN levels or deaths were recorded in the group receiving sodium selenite and platinum. Likewise, the antitumor activity of platinum was not affected by the administration of sodium selenite. Of interest, sodium selenite alone did have some antitumor activity. It is postulated that the mechanism of action of the selenium is in the formation of a heavy metal-selenium complex. J.D.S. 1 figure, 2 tables, 21 references
DISEASES OF BLOOD VESSELS, HYPERTENSION AND RENOV ASCULAR SURGERY Erythrocyte Age-Fractionation Using a Percoll™-Renografin" Density Gradient: Application to Autologou.s Red Cell Antigen Determinations in Recently Transfused Patients D.R. BRANCH, A. L. S.S. HIAN, F. CARLSON, W. C. MASLOW AND L. D. PETZ, Department of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Division of Medicine and the Division of Clinical Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
Amer. J. Clin. Path., 80: 453-458 (Oct.) 1983 Techniques for the separation of human red blood cells into fractions according to age and the preparation of blood samples highly enriched in the reticulocytes should prove useful to hematologists. Previous reports have described methods that apparently have yielded excellent reticulocyte enrichment, although few data were presented. Other investigators had little success or failed to report on the reticulocyte enrichment achieved. In this report a rapid technique for the age-fractionation of human erythrocytes into reticulocyte-enriched (young) and reticulocyte-poor (old) red blood cells using an isopyknic density gradient centrifugation through Percoll-diatrizoate meglumine was evaluated for use in autologous red blood cell antigen determinations in multiple-transfused patients. The fractionation was demonstrated by statistically significant densityrelated changes in pyruvate kinase and acetylcholinesterase activities (p = 0.002 and 0.042, respectively) and by the distribution of reticulocytes on the gradient (p <0.005). With initial reticulocyte counts ~1.5 per cent, reticulocyte counts ~78 per cent were achieved (mean 25 per cent, 31 samples). When starting with reticulocyte counts >5 per cent, samples containing up to 98 per cent reticulocytes were obtained (mean 64 per cent, 7 samples). The technique requires <2 hours, uses isotonic media and is nontoxic to red blood cells. Volumes of red blood cells ~10 ml. can be fractionated at 1 time and the gradient medium is stable when refrigerated at 4C.