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Environment news
environment news This News Section is intended to provide up-to-date ~formati~n on new developments, conferences, commerciat news. new literature, and book reviews in the fletd of interest of the lournal, Suitable items for publication should be sent to: The Editor, Atmospheric Environment, Pergamon Press, Headington Hill Hall, Oxford OX3 OBW, England.
AIRMASTER SERIES RI REVERSE AIR JET FILTER UNIT The most recent development of Airmaster Engineering Ltd., has been to design a completely new range of dust extraction filter units utilislng a reverse flow tit for the eleanlng cycle, thus ensuring that the filter resistance is kept as static as possible and producing a fully auto matic fabric filter. The RJ unit is available in a modular construction and gives filter areas from 165 ft2, upwards. A unique method of obtaining maximum filtration area within a minimum of space has been utilised in the filter design, and a cutaway exhibition model showing the integral parts of the unit is on display. AIso illustrated on the stand are numerous photo graphs of installations using the Airmaster Package Units Series 50/700, which are a self-contained dust extraction unit having its own fabric filter and fan integraf within the casing. The units are extensively used through all industries, namely wood~or~n~ metaf working, pharmaceutical, provender mills, flour milling and chemical handling plants of all descriptions. It can be supplied in an air venting form for pneumatic conveying systems, with hopper discharges and baggingoff spigots where the dust has to be bagged, withdrawal dust boxes - which is the most economicaf way - or alternatively rflange firted for mounting upon clients receiving hopper for storage. A range of fans can be provided from 1 to 2 h.p., and fiiter areas from 50 to 700 ftz are inclusive in the range as standards. The units are for semi-automatic use; however, apart from the hand shaking device which could be supplied, electric shaking can also be offered as an alternative, so that the fabric can be readily cleaned for the whole equipment to be put back on stream Airmaster
Engineering Ltd., Exsgimd
circle 1 on reader enquiry card
FANS BY AK0 Featured on the stand of Aftdays, Peacock & Co. Ltd. are fans selected from thejr wide r-ang~?~which are designed for application to incinerators, gas cleaning and atmospheric pollution control. There is also an example of a high pressure gas boosting fan.
The PB fan - one of the new EtiROPA range has a robust radial blade impeller which can be manufact~ed ln mild steei or stainless steel and has also been buiit to withstand gas temperatures up to 1000°C. Three other examples of the EURQPA range are shown in the MV (multivane) the BL (backward lamina blade) and BA (backward aerofoil blade) ali of which are constructed to high standards suitabfe for process plants of every description and are available up to 2500 mm in impeller diameter. Another important exhibit is the QT Gas Booster fan specifically designed by AIldays, Peacock to boost pressures of natural gas or coal gas up to 590 mm on a single stage. Two stage versions are also available and the unique shaft seal which can be ciearly seen on the exhibit is designed to operate on inlet pressures of 3.5 000 N/m*. The recently launched EUROPA range has been designed throughout to 1.S.O. metric units and based on the extensive knowledge of fan engineering which APCO have gained over the past 70 years. Alldays, Peacock & Co., England
ci&e 2 on render ehquiry card
ENVIRONMENTAL ING INSTRUMENTS
MEASURING
AND MONITOR-
Fleming will be showing their range of environmental measuring and monitoring instruments at ENVITEC ‘73, which include the following: 1. .Air Po& rim (a) Ab Poiiuiion ,Morzifor Type 505. This monitor continuously collects a typical sample of atmospheric particle pollution on a filter paper tapeand displays the amount of pollution on a strip chart recorder. Versions of the instrument exist providing an electrical output for con&d purposes. Applic~tlons are in general and specific atmospheric monitoring, control of ventilation in barge areas such as road tunnels etc. (b) HzS Hydrogen Suiphide Monitor Type 533. A novel instrument using proven techniques for the continuous monitoring of H,S gas found in factories, sewage works and “walk through”
sewers. Air is drawn into the measuring system by a small electrically operated pump and any H$ gas reacts with a lead acetate impregnated paper to form a brown stain. The continuous ebctro-optic evaluation of this stain provides a measure of the H$ concentration. An alarm operates if the safe working level of 10 ppm is exceeded. (c) Aerosol ?&?ctrometer 7”pe 501. This is a specialised collector of dust particles in the size range t-20 cm3 m&-l. The particles are collected at a low rate (%, 1 or 2 /&I for periods up to 22-h and size separated according to their aeradyna~c characteristics on a row of glass microscope slides. (d) Particle Sampling Units T~jpes 531 and 544. These are straightforward air sampling apparatus for collecting dust particles for optical, weight or chemical anaiysis purposes. The 544 is the battery operated version of the 531. 2. ~frvi~on~~e~r~~~ (a) U. C’.Sensors Types 522,523, 524 and Recordirlg System Qpe 521. These U.V. sensors give an electrical output proportional to the incident U.V. energy entering the device. Three standard wavetength versions are 315, 350 and 400 nm. The outputs are fed in the Recording System Type 521 which amplifies the input signafs, converts them to a pulse rate proportional to amplitude and prints out the incremental count every 2-h. Tot&sing counters indicate the total count in each channel. The main appficatious are the accurate recording of total U.V. energy bve! exposure of paint, plastic and simular s~cimens undergoing long term weather exposure.
3. Water Pollutiorr (at Organic
Pollution Monitor. This is a new instrument invented by the British Water Poilution Laboratory for meas~ing the dissolved organic content of natural waters and effluents. Sensitivities of the order of 1 mg 1-t organic matter can be measured. The apparatus is extremely compact and uses new and novel techniques (Patents Applied for).
General (a) Particle Size micrometer
arrd A tta~~ser Type 526.
This we&proven instrument when attached to a standard microscope uses the double image technique to enable particles to be accurately counted and sized (range l-250 ,!&I). Though not fully automatic particle count/size information is quickly and accurately obtained. C,C.T.V. can be attached to reduce eye fatigue to a minimum. Fleminginstruments Ltd, England circle 3 0)~reader enquiry card HYGROTHE~M-DART FUME AND LIQUID WASTE INCINERATORS DISPLAYED AT ENVITEC ‘73 At a time when public awareness of environmental pollution is increasing and industry is being subjected to mounting pressure to reduce its poliutive effluents, Hygrotherm Engineering offers economical and completely effective disposal of fume and liquid pollutants by direct inc~eration. Hy~othe~-Hirt incinerators are built to designs which have been proved successfui in over 300 installations in the U.S.A. and Europe, meeting the most stringent pollution control regulations safely and at tow operating costs.
The Hirt burner consists of a number of ceramic tubes which can be built up to form a square or rectangle of a size to match the required capacity. Each tube operates independently and can have passing through it combustion air, fume or fuel gas. Fuel oil or liquid effluent is intraduced through a separate burner. Combustion air or fume enters a pfenum chamber and is diverted either through the burner tubes as primary air or between the ignition tube and inlet orifice as secondary air where efficient mixing and maximum flame exposure occur. No further combustion air is required and the arrangement can result in fuel saving of as much as 30%. The versatility of the Hirt btzrner is demons~ated by a large incinerator recently commissioned by Hygrm therm Engineering at a major oil refinery. It successfully oxidises two effluents, one gaseous and one liquid, varying widely in quantity and air demand. In addition, it uses two alternative gaseous support fuels available from the refinery but in varying qualities and pressures, one having nearly double the caiorific value of the other.
Special Hygrotherm designs are available using heat recovery, so reducing fuel costs considerably. Shell and tube heat exchangers are employed for fume preheating, steam raising or oil heating for process use, sorties halving fuel costs. Hygrotherm engineers, designers and research staff have the breadth of experience needed to solve even the apparently intractable problems encountered in the control of industrial pollution. Hygrotherm Engineering Ltd., England
DATOFONIC MARK IIIe lntelogic Ltd. a British based Company, have for many years been supplying their remote control equip ment to Water Boards and Sewerage Works. In the for~~oming ENVITEC Exhibition, they will be displaying just one part of their extensive range of monitoring systems - The Datofonic Mark Hle. The Mark IIIe operates over the national telephone network, and will make an automatic call to a remote control room immediately au alarm occurs in the monitored plant. The system will also give this information to the Control Room Engineer should he make a call into the remote unit. The unit will also make a number of attempts to contact the Control Room should the initial call be unsuc~ssf~, due to an engaged telephone circuit. This particular unit incorporates control facilities whereby the Control Room Engineer can instruct the remote Datofonic unit to activate a pump or circuit breaker. The simpler models (such as the Datofonic Mark Hle) gives ~fo~tion as a series of descrete verbal statements. The mom complex models transmit information as a series of voice frequency impulses and handle a larger volume of data than the verbal systems. The larger versions may also provide data logging facilities in the Control Room. These provide automatic records of all alarm and control operations. These systems also handle analog channels in addition to the normal two-state “open-close” channels. Analog channels may also be handled by the verbal systems by utiBsing various combinations of statements. lntelogic systems are not confined exclusively to operation over the telephone network. The Series IV, a continual scanning system, is a simple, reliable, low cost yet extremely powerful and flexible telemetry and remote control system, which is capable of linking up to 63 complex remote stations to a central control by means of a single speech quality cable or radio channel hteloglc Ltd., England
company and its subsidiaries in the field of gas cleaning and dust collection plant for the control of emissions of solids to the atmosphere. Lodge-Cottrell is primarily involved in the Iron and Steel, Cement, Power Generation and Muni~~~ Refuse Incineration fields where permissible emissions of dust in waste gases are strictly limited by legislation to very closely prescribed limits. In the Iron and Steel Industry, the equipment is applied to ore unloaders, stockyards, stockhouses, sinter strands, pelletising plants, blast furnaces, converters, B.O.S. plants, arc furnaces, ladle transfer points and scarfing machines. Cement production demands dust suppression in the discharge gases from the kilns and clinker coolers as well as from the grinding mills and transfer systems. The variety of materials handled in modern municipal refuse incineration plants create gas cleaning problems requiring special consideration bearing in mind their normal close proximity to heavy density residential areas. In power generation the majority of ~taUations in recent years in European countries have utilised energy from nuclear and oil sources but coal fired stations are still operating in many parts of the world and require cleaning plants for removal of particulate matter from the flue gases. Lodge-Cottrell design, supply, erect and commission complete gas cleaning installations, together with any associated dust handling pelletising or water treatment plants for all these applications. Each plant is designed for the specific application and the LodgeCottrell range of equipment covering electrostatic precipitators, high energy scrubbers, bag filters and mechanical collectors ensures that the most economic and effective type of plant is employed Lodge-Cottrell, England circle 6 an reader enquiry card
METR~FLEX ISOLATORS The Metro-Flex Group specialise in solving problems calling for gas-tight isolation. MetroFlex isolators are available for flue and duct sizes from less than 0.05 to more than 1OOmzand for temperatures up to 1000°C. All the valves use advanced techniques of gas-tight sealing by means of austenitic steel flexible sealing elements ensuring a very high degree of tightness, 99.8-lo&& on cross-sectional area, depending on type. At ENVITEC ‘73, MetroFlex Group will be showing their latest version of Simplex Isolator. Valves similar to this, for pressures up to 2000 mm W.C., have recently been supplied for primary air isolation at Longannet, circle 5 on reader enquiry card Rugeley, Tilbury B and West Burton Power Stations in the United Kingdom and for SO2 scrubber isolation at Cherokee and Mohave Power Stations in the United LODGE-COTTRELL: GAS CLEANING, DUST States. The casing of the valve shown has been specially COLLECTION str~g~ened to enable the unit, in the open position, to The Lodge-Cottrell stand at ENVITEC ‘73 presents a withstand explosive pressures up to 3.5 atm. visual display of the services to industry offered by the This latest Simplex Isolator enables possible safe and iii
the first time at the Achema Exhibition in Frankfurt in June. The apparatus enables our technicians to duplicate plant conditions and information is provided from the tests carried out, which enables the recommendation of the most suitable fabric to be made. Technical literature on filtration problems in most industries will be available in English and French and this will indicate the results obtained with the special synthetic cloths which will be on display. The stand will be manned by two resident German representatives, who will be able to converse on filtration with most continental visitors. P. & S. Textiles Ltd., England
BR~AKTHR~UGII IN 1~~USTRIAL CONTROL CUTS COSTS
POLLUTION
Purity International Ltd. will exhibit at ENVITEC ‘73 a new clean air system that can eliminate as much as 99.9% of airborne particles in industrial exhaust gases, while using only 25-35s of the power needed by conventional equipment. Purity International of Dublin, claim that their system, marketed under the name Pentapure Impinger, easy maintenance of puiverised fuel milis while the is cheaper to install and maintain than existing equipboiler itself remains on-load. Similarly. Metro-Flex ment hecause of a patented application of established Duplex and Glandular Spade Valves, of which details fluid-dynamic principles and the resulting simplicity of will be available on the stand, are used to isolate precipidesign and operation. In certain applications, the Purity lators and fans at steelworks, cement works and power International system can cost less than half the price of statmns where the growth in unit size and unit producother equipment. tion capacity, coupled with increasingly stringent polluThe system combines high efficiency dirt collection tion regulations make the need for safe on-load mainwith great flexibility of application. It can handle airtenance an economic essential. borne effluents, wet or dry, where conventional air clcanors are Iimited by moisture and temperature -eliminating particles down to 0.01 /em. ~hc smallest unit costs approximately fl 500 and copes with exhaust flows of between 500 and 3000 ft3 min--.I. Larger units are available to handle the maximum industrial requirements and show a pro rata reducFABRICS FOR DUST COLLECTION EQUIPMENT tion in costs per cubic foot of gas flow treated. The company claims that the equipment is easier to An extensive range of fabrics will be on view consisting install than baghouses, simpler to maint~n than high of continuous filament, staple fibre and monofilament and does not have to be purposecloths which have been designed particularly for use on energy scrubbers, designed for each type of particle, as in the case of equipment involved in the reduction of environmental electrostatic precipitators. pollution. Made-up articles for dust collection equip Deveioped originally by the company’s Chicagoment wit1 be on show. ~nufa~tured from all synthetic based parent, the system is already working in a number fibres including Fib&ass, Nomex and Teflon and of US. industries, including steel. foundries, chemicals. speciahsed articles for wet filtration will include textiles, paper and fertilisers. Needled felt “Neotex” and ‘“Propex” constructions. In Britain. Edward Curran Engineering Ltd., of materials, which provide 99.9% efficiency on dust collection where the particle size can be ‘70% less than 1 Cardiff. have installed units in their enamel spray shops; a unit is currently under test at the Bedford foundry of /_nn, will be available for examination. together with George Fischer Castings Ltd.; and another has been used fabrics with case histories showing their condition ordered by the Glynwed Group for their Falkirk, after extensive usage. Research Department equipment for test work in the Scotland, foundry. investigation of user problems, i.e. the selection of Purity International Ltd, Eire cloths for dry filtration, will be shown as a working circle $2on reader enquiry ~.urd unit. This equipment, which has been designed by P. & S. Textiles, is a registered design and was shown for
DETECTION OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS The Safety in Mines Research Establishment (SMRE), Department of Trade and Industry, carries out research on all major aspects of safety in coal mines, and on a smaIIer range of non-mining probtems. Techniques devised at SMRE for monitoring the mining environment are applicable over a much wider field to help in the fight against atmospheric pollution. An important part of SMRE’s research is concerned with gas detection. Transducers have been developed that can measure pollutant gases in concentrations below the maximum limits recommended for industrial exposure. Three gas-measuring techniques are featured at the ENVITEC ‘73 Exhibition. A sensing element has been devised that relies on the changes in electrical conductivity that are produced in a semiconductor metal oxide when a gas reacts on its surface. Portable instruments based on the element are being developed for measuring carbon monoxide and methane, and these instruments are on view.
DATA LOGGXNG AIDS POLLUTION CONTROL During the last decade pollution and its accompanying social and ecologicai problems have become a subject of international concern. Recognition of this fact has led both governmental and industrial research establishments to devote increasing effort to the study of pollution and its attendant environmental hazards. These establish~nts are engaged in measuring the extent of pollution and studying methods of preventing or reducing it. Interest is not confined solely to the’long standing pollutants, smoke and sulphur dioxide, against which substantial measures have been taken. Increasing attention is being paid to industrial emissions and to motor vehicle exhaust. Work on the assessment and development of techniques for sampling and measuring covers a wide variety of equipment but, as the research generally involves Iong term projects requiring a ~nimum of manpower, sophisticated apparatus is increasingly being used for monitoring, logging, and high speed transmission of data.
The Warren Spring Laboratory, the Department of Trade and Industry’s industrial and environmenta research establishment, is at present engaged on a S-year programme to survey the contribution of motor vehicle exhaust to the level of urban poI~ution, As wet1 as indicating long term trends, the schedule of frequent measurements will provide detailed information on peak concentrations and the persistance of high pollution levels. The research team is using eight Mycalex Series 5 Data Logging Systems to assist them in their experiments. These loggers are situated at selected sites in the U.K. to collect data from a range of instrumentation measuring not only air pollution but also traffic flow, wind speed and solar radiation. The Series 5 loggers were particularly suitable for this application due to their flexibility and compact coqstruction. The loggers are used in conjunction with a Mycalex manual entry keyboard and a Facit paper tape pun& to provide data in a suitable format for sub~quent analysis by computer. The loggers take measurement readings from sensors at pre-selected intervals and output the data, together with time from an integral digital clock, polarity and range information on to the punched tape. The keyboard is also inputted to the logger and enables an operator to enter identification characters on to the tape at the start of a run. The accuracy of each measure-
(b) A metallized-membrane electrode has been devised for use in a polarographic cetl, and is being developed with a view to measuring carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. The exhibit is a prototype fixed-insta~ation monitor that achieves selectivity by pumping the polluted air through selective reagent layers, but work is proceeding on sensors with greater intrinsic selectivity. (cl A study is being made to determine whether sulphur dioxide can be measured by making use of the inhibiting effect it has on a catalytic reaction, and an experimental arrangement is on view. Also on view is an SMRE prototype instrument that measures the concentration of respirable airborne dust by making use of the light-scattering properties of the dust particles. Instruments of this type have the advantage that they can give instantaneous readings, but the new instrument has the additional advantage that the readings are independent of the dust composition. The instrument is self-contained, and can operate for up to ten hours on a set of rechargeable batteries. The Safety in Mines Research Establishment, l3ngiand
”
present. The outputs from these monitors are then fogged on to a magnetic taye by Rapco portable data Iogger and also on to chart recorders. The data recording instruments for this application obviously had to be portable and robust whilst retaining accuracy of data retrieval. The battery operated Rapco logger with its integral tape deck proved to be e~nen~~ suit&e. Two of the loggers ten channels are used for data monitoring, the other channels being used for experiment identification and analysis checking requirements. The tape used on this instrument is standard cornmercially available extended play magnetic tape and is translated by Rapcv Limited, on to punched paper tape for input to a computer on which data analysis is carried out. Many of the advantages of using data acquisition systems such as those mentioned in this article are obvious - saving in manpower, continuous surveillance, flexibility, high monitoring rate and many others. The major criterion, however, is not what has been achieved but what can be with the continuous advances being made in this important area of technology. h@zalex Instruments Ltd, England
ment is assured by the loggers automatic drift correction system, and comprehensive hardware programming facilities minimise operator attendance. in addition to the measures being_.taken bv_ govern_ ment establishments, a considerable amount of research circle .II on reader is also being carried out by private industry. The Esso Research Ccntrc ar Abingdon for example is presently engaged upon a number of projects to study the pro blems of air pollution. One of these experiments is devoted to the investigation of the content of nitrogen oxide and sulphur dioxide, in the air we breathe. 30th of these gases are formed by the process of combustion and in addition to the exhaust from vehicles attention is aiso being given to the effects of exhausts from central Cm-S The experiment involves the use of a speclalfy equipped mobile unit which can be driven to any location in the country to collect data. The unit incorparates a numba of atmo~heri~ monitors which measure the amount of nitrogen oxide and sufphur dioxide
enquiry
card
2nd ~~ER~ATIGNAL C~NF~R~NC~ ON THE PNEUMATIC TRANSPORT OF SOLIDS IN PIPES Wheeled capsules blown along by air could move the worid’s freight in pipelines un~r~uund by 2000 A.D., according to one of the papers to be presented at the 2nd Internationtrl Conference on the Pneumatic Trww port
of Solids in
Pipes, PiVEUMOTRAhSPORT
2.
Organis& by BHRA Flnid Engineering, the Conference will be held at the University of Surrey, Guildford, 5 -7 September, 1973 and will include a small exhibition. Practical installation and successful commercial opera&m of systems for moving granular materi& will be discussed, while research
p
resultson pipe erosion, the
measurement of particle velocity, and pressure losses, for example, will also be considered. In all, authors from 12 countries will present over 30 papers. Before the Conference opens, BHRA will run an intensive course on Pneumotransport which will include lectures on: mathematical models; capsule flows; feeding and separation of materials; pneumatic convey ing systems; and safety. The Course will be h&i on 3 and 4 September at the University of Surrey; details and registration forms will be available shortly. Further information is available from the Orgardser, ~g~mof~~~t 2, BHRa Ffuid Engineerin& Crana field, Bedford MR43 OAJ, England. Britbh Hydromchanica
Rmearch Assoeation,
E-d
THE PITTSBURGH CONFERENCE The 25th PittsburghConference on AnalyticalChemk try and Applied Spectroscopy will be held at the Cleveland Convention Center, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A., 4-g March, 1974. An estimated 350 papers on alI phaes of Analytical cftemistty and Spectroscopy will b pmsented. Symposia on the following subjects are now being arranged, 1. Recent developments and trends in clinical chemistry. 2. Great moments in analytical chemistry and spectrascopy 1 3. Remote sensing of env~ro~~~t~ air pollutants, 4. The role of analysis in consumex chemistry. 5. Recent advances in selective ion electrodes. 6. Symposium on applied liquid chromatography. 7. Monitoring of water pollutants: for abatement, for prevention, for economics. 8. Symposium on computerized taboratory systems &YTicp). 9. Symposium on matrix isoIation spectroscopy. 10. Cobientz society award symposium. Papers are nor restricted to the symposium topics and original papers on a21 phases of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy are invited. Authors w%ing to present papers at the f9?4 Pittsburgh Conference should mbmit three copies of a If@ word abstract to: R$z& S. Danchik, Program Chairman 1974 Pittsburgh Conference Alcoa Laboratories Alcoa Center, Pennsylvania 15069, U.S.A. Abstract forms are available from the Program Chairman. The names and comp!efe addresses of all authors should be included with all abstracts submitted and the name of the person who will present the paper should be underlined. The final date for receipt of abstracts is 1 October, 2973. In addition to the program of tecImicaI papers, more than 275 companies, both foreign and domestic, will be represented at the Exposition of Modem Laboratory Equipment, the largest exposition of analytical instmmentation and related materials in the world. Reservations for exhibit space should be directed to: Robert W.Bai&ux, Exposition Chairman U.S. Steel Corporation Research Laboratory, M.S. 57 Monroeville, Pennsylvania 15146, U.S.A. Alcoa Technical Center, U.S.A.
POLLUTION, GROWTH AND ELECTROTECHNOLOGY A Future Perspective from the Electrical Research ~SscwiatiO~. Electricity demand and supply, the fastest
growing major industrial parameters for the advanced nations are associated directly with four major growth sectors; generation and transmission, transportation, communications and electronics. The frst two are vital to a nation’s econumic growth, but they cause ~n~derable pollution congestion, disposal problems, whereas the last two consume relatively small amounts of power (and thus energy), are virtually pollution-free and in general the products are volumetrically small. The relationship between these four sectors and others forms the first part of ERAs Long Range Planning Report entitled A Review of ~lee~r~te~~~o~~ai Growth and Developments to the Year 2&M for which there has been such an overwhelming demand from executive-industrialists in fifteen countries that a second identical printing is now available. The report first develops the industrial power relationship between developed and developing nationsfor the rest of t&is cxztury and then assesses the vital inputs to industry--manpower, energy and power, and the economics of trade. The main section of the report focuses on the future of the four main growth sectors each being directed in sequence towards World, Western European and U.K. aspects. After a speciti evaluation of the social---technical interface with which industry is becoming more concerned, the report finally presents the hundreds of forecasts and infhzences in the standard method adopted by the Association; this enables clients to generate their own forecasts according to individual company poll&s and needs. Further international forecasts covered in the report include the “superblocks” of nations that will dominate world trade in the 1990's,the future trade rela~on~ip between China, U.S.S.R., fapan and tke U.S.A. and Western European nations and the relationship between the national problems such as shortage, urbanisation, congestion, pollution and waste. For free descriptive literature, including a 7 p. list of the titles of parts, sections, sub-sections and diagrams giving a factual understanding of the theme and scope of this f300 report, contact the Long Range ~~~~~~~~ Department, Electrical Research Association. Electrical Research Association, England circle 12 on render enquiry card
NEW EMISSIUN CONTROL MANUAL New York, 21 May, 1973. How many inoperative emission control devices are inoperative and how many mechanics can adjust and service today’s pollution controt devices so that vehicles will perform at their peak? The first comprehensive guide - Motor’s E~~s~~o~ Conirof Mantlal - has been added lo Motor fublication’s library of repair and service manuals. Motor’s Emission Control Manual, a 768 p. hard cover reference work with over 790 detailed illustrations and diagrams, contains all the information needed to check, service and maintain every emission cmtrof and
related system in use since 1968 when such devices were first required on cars. In addition, special chapters give general background information on smog and air pollution, why motor vehicle emission control is really needed, the chemistry of smog and air pollution and a complete synopsis of all state and federal laws on the subject. Other pertinent material in the manual includes step by step installation, service and maintenance procedures on retrofit kits approved by the State of California Air Resources Board. as well as how these can lower the level of air pollutants from older vehicles. Purchasers of the omission Control Manual at $27 will aiso receive four quarterly newletters which will update the purchaser on all the latest developments as they occur tn the field of automotive emission control. Motor Publications,
As with the first edition, it is hard for me to be sure how this book will fit with the needs, requirements, and philosophies of other countries. It is basically an account of the American experience. Nevertheless, 1 would not hesitate to recommend it to anyone, anywhere, and my recomnlendation for my fellow countrymen is unequivocal. Ruy it for your hid-s~houi age child and then read it yourselfl it may well give you some new insights. It will be’useful as supplemental reading at either the high school or college under-
graduate level, and for laymen of any age who want a sound overall view of our environmental problems. James P. Lodge, Jr.
U.S.A.
OUR POLLUTED WORLD - CAN MAN SURVIVE? JOffN PERRY, Revised Edn. Published by Franklin Watt, New York. xvii + 237 pp. $5.95. Anyone
deeply involved
in pollution
control
tends to
approach popular books on the subject with some trepidation. It is almost invariably frustrating to read them; one is forever thinking, “For God’s sake, when is he going to get around to mentioning_?” The first edition of this book, published in 1967, was the first popular book that did not so affect me ~.~r~zos~~eri~ environment 1967, 1523). The new edition is, by the author’s own testimony, almost completely rewritten but the original qualities are still there. It is personal, logical, well-considered, and quite remorseless. Somewhat fewer people are cited by name, and a few personal incidents have gone to make way for more recent info~tion. Perry was selfemployed when he wrote the first edition; he now works for someone else with a concomitant reduction of his free time for interviewing, resulting in more dependence on secondary sources. The level of craftsmanship in this edition may be slightly lower than before. New terms are not quite so n~eti~ulo~~sly defined (for example, “anadromous” appears suddenly on p. 212 without introductions and the word “data” is treated as a singular noun - one of my particular pet peeves. (The English language is going to perdition fast enough without help, thank you!) Most of the chapter headings are unchanged, which is unfortunate; they will antagonize some individuals who really aught to read the book. In particular, the characterization of pesticides as the “Ultimate Pollutant” is highly questionable and hurts the credibility of much better considered dicta elsewhere in the volume. It is inappropriate to suggest that pesticides are the ultimate pollutant unless one is prepared to maintain that many pollutants are ultimate, some are more ultimate than
viii
AIRMASTER SERIES RI REVERSE AIR JET FILTER UNIT The most recent development of Airmaster Engineering Ltd., has been to design a completely new range of dust extraction filter units utilislng a reverse flow tit for the eleanlng cycle, thus ensuring that the filter resistance is kept as static as possible and producing a fully auto matic fabric filter. The RJ unit is available in a modular construction and gives filter areas from 165 ft2, upwards. A unique method of obtaining maximum filtration area within a minimum of space has been utilised in the filter design, and a cutaway exhibition model showing the integral parts of the unit is on display. AIso illustrated on the stand are numerous photo graphs of installations using the Airmaster Package Units Series 50/700, which are a self-contained dust extraction unit having its own fabric filter and fan integraf within the casing. The units are extensively used through all industries, namely wood~or~n~ metaf working, pharmaceutical, provender mills, flour milling and chemical handling plants of all descriptions. It can be supplied in an air venting form for pneumatic conveying systems, with hopper discharges and baggingoff spigots where the dust has to be bagged, withdrawal dust boxes - which is the most economicaf way - or alternatively rflange firted for mounting upon clients receiving hopper for storage. A range of fans can be provided from 1 to 2 h.p., and fiiter areas from 50 to 700 ftz are inclusive in the range as standards. The units are for semi-automatic use; however, apart from the hand shaking device which could be supplied, electric shaking can also be offered as an alternative, so that the fabric can be readily cleaned for the whole equipment to be put back on stream Airmaster
Engineering Ltd., Exsgimd
circle 1 on reader enquiry card
FANS BY AK0 Featured on the stand of Aftdays, Peacock & Co. Ltd. are fans selected from thejr wide r-ang~?~which are designed for application to incinerators, gas cleaning and atmospheric pollution control. There is also an example of a high pressure gas boosting fan.
The PB fan - one of the new EtiROPA range has a robust radial blade impeller which can be manufact~ed ln mild steei or stainless steel and has also been buiit to withstand gas temperatures up to 1000°C. Three other examples of the EURQPA range are shown in the MV (multivane) the BL (backward lamina blade) and BA (backward aerofoil blade) ali of which are constructed to high standards suitabfe for process plants of every description and are available up to 2500 mm in impeller diameter. Another important exhibit is the QT Gas Booster fan specifically designed by AIldays, Peacock to boost pressures of natural gas or coal gas up to 590 mm on a single stage. Two stage versions are also available and the unique shaft seal which can be ciearly seen on the exhibit is designed to operate on inlet pressures of 3.5 000 N/m*. The recently launched EUROPA range has been designed throughout to 1.S.O. metric units and based on the extensive knowledge of fan engineering which APCO have gained over the past 70 years. Alldays, Peacock & Co., England
ci&e 2 on render ehquiry card
ENVIRONMENTAL ING INSTRUMENTS
MEASURING
AND MONITOR-
Fleming will be showing their range of environmental measuring and monitoring instruments at ENVITEC ‘73, which include the following: 1. .Air Po& rim (a) Ab Poiiuiion ,Morzifor Type 505. This monitor continuously collects a typical sample of atmospheric particle pollution on a filter paper tapeand displays the amount of pollution on a strip chart recorder. Versions of the instrument exist providing an electrical output for con&d purposes. Applic~tlons are in general and specific atmospheric monitoring, control of ventilation in barge areas such as road tunnels etc. (b) HzS Hydrogen Suiphide Monitor Type 533. A novel instrument using proven techniques for the continuous monitoring of H,S gas found in factories, sewage works and “walk through”
sewers. Air is drawn into the measuring system by a small electrically operated pump and any H$ gas reacts with a lead acetate impregnated paper to form a brown stain. The continuous ebctro-optic evaluation of this stain provides a measure of the H$ concentration. An alarm operates if the safe working level of 10 ppm is exceeded. (c) Aerosol ?&?ctrometer 7”pe 501. This is a specialised collector of dust particles in the size range t-20 cm3 m&-l. The particles are collected at a low rate (%, 1 or 2 /&I for periods up to 22-h and size separated according to their aeradyna~c characteristics on a row of glass microscope slides. (d) Particle Sampling Units T~jpes 531 and 544. These are straightforward air sampling apparatus for collecting dust particles for optical, weight or chemical anaiysis purposes. The 544 is the battery operated version of the 531. 2. ~frvi~on~~e~r~~~ (a) U. C’.Sensors Types 522,523, 524 and Recordirlg System Qpe 521. These U.V. sensors give an electrical output proportional to the incident U.V. energy entering the device. Three standard wavetength versions are 315, 350 and 400 nm. The outputs are fed in the Recording System Type 521 which amplifies the input signafs, converts them to a pulse rate proportional to amplitude and prints out the incremental count every 2-h. Tot&sing counters indicate the total count in each channel. The main appficatious are the accurate recording of total U.V. energy bve! exposure of paint, plastic and simular s~cimens undergoing long term weather exposure.
3. Water Pollutiorr (at Organic
Pollution Monitor. This is a new instrument invented by the British Water Poilution Laboratory for meas~ing the dissolved organic content of natural waters and effluents. Sensitivities of the order of 1 mg 1-t organic matter can be measured. The apparatus is extremely compact and uses new and novel techniques (Patents Applied for).
General (a) Particle Size micrometer
arrd A tta~~ser Type 526.
This we&proven instrument when attached to a standard microscope uses the double image technique to enable particles to be accurately counted and sized (range l-250 ,!&I). Though not fully automatic particle count/size information is quickly and accurately obtained. C,C.T.V. can be attached to reduce eye fatigue to a minimum. Fleminginstruments Ltd, England circle 3 0)~reader enquiry card HYGROTHE~M-DART FUME AND LIQUID WASTE INCINERATORS DISPLAYED AT ENVITEC ‘73 At a time when public awareness of environmental pollution is increasing and industry is being subjected to mounting pressure to reduce its poliutive effluents, Hygrotherm Engineering offers economical and completely effective disposal of fume and liquid pollutants by direct inc~eration. Hy~othe~-Hirt incinerators are built to designs which have been proved successfui in over 300 installations in the U.S.A. and Europe, meeting the most stringent pollution control regulations safely and at tow operating costs.
The Hirt burner consists of a number of ceramic tubes which can be built up to form a square or rectangle of a size to match the required capacity. Each tube operates independently and can have passing through it combustion air, fume or fuel gas. Fuel oil or liquid effluent is intraduced through a separate burner. Combustion air or fume enters a pfenum chamber and is diverted either through the burner tubes as primary air or between the ignition tube and inlet orifice as secondary air where efficient mixing and maximum flame exposure occur. No further combustion air is required and the arrangement can result in fuel saving of as much as 30%. The versatility of the Hirt btzrner is demons~ated by a large incinerator recently commissioned by Hygrm therm Engineering at a major oil refinery. It successfully oxidises two effluents, one gaseous and one liquid, varying widely in quantity and air demand. In addition, it uses two alternative gaseous support fuels available from the refinery but in varying qualities and pressures, one having nearly double the caiorific value of the other.
Special Hygrotherm designs are available using heat recovery, so reducing fuel costs considerably. Shell and tube heat exchangers are employed for fume preheating, steam raising or oil heating for process use, sorties halving fuel costs. Hygrotherm engineers, designers and research staff have the breadth of experience needed to solve even the apparently intractable problems encountered in the control of industrial pollution. Hygrotherm Engineering Ltd., England
DATOFONIC MARK IIIe lntelogic Ltd. a British based Company, have for many years been supplying their remote control equip ment to Water Boards and Sewerage Works. In the for~~oming ENVITEC Exhibition, they will be displaying just one part of their extensive range of monitoring systems - The Datofonic Mark Hle. The Mark IIIe operates over the national telephone network, and will make an automatic call to a remote control room immediately au alarm occurs in the monitored plant. The system will also give this information to the Control Room Engineer should he make a call into the remote unit. The unit will also make a number of attempts to contact the Control Room should the initial call be unsuc~ssf~, due to an engaged telephone circuit. This particular unit incorporates control facilities whereby the Control Room Engineer can instruct the remote Datofonic unit to activate a pump or circuit breaker. The simpler models (such as the Datofonic Mark Hle) gives ~fo~tion as a series of descrete verbal statements. The mom complex models transmit information as a series of voice frequency impulses and handle a larger volume of data than the verbal systems. The larger versions may also provide data logging facilities in the Control Room. These provide automatic records of all alarm and control operations. These systems also handle analog channels in addition to the normal two-state “open-close” channels. Analog channels may also be handled by the verbal systems by utiBsing various combinations of statements. lntelogic systems are not confined exclusively to operation over the telephone network. The Series IV, a continual scanning system, is a simple, reliable, low cost yet extremely powerful and flexible telemetry and remote control system, which is capable of linking up to 63 complex remote stations to a central control by means of a single speech quality cable or radio channel hteloglc Ltd., England
company and its subsidiaries in the field of gas cleaning and dust collection plant for the control of emissions of solids to the atmosphere. Lodge-Cottrell is primarily involved in the Iron and Steel, Cement, Power Generation and Muni~~~ Refuse Incineration fields where permissible emissions of dust in waste gases are strictly limited by legislation to very closely prescribed limits. In the Iron and Steel Industry, the equipment is applied to ore unloaders, stockyards, stockhouses, sinter strands, pelletising plants, blast furnaces, converters, B.O.S. plants, arc furnaces, ladle transfer points and scarfing machines. Cement production demands dust suppression in the discharge gases from the kilns and clinker coolers as well as from the grinding mills and transfer systems. The variety of materials handled in modern municipal refuse incineration plants create gas cleaning problems requiring special consideration bearing in mind their normal close proximity to heavy density residential areas. In power generation the majority of ~taUations in recent years in European countries have utilised energy from nuclear and oil sources but coal fired stations are still operating in many parts of the world and require cleaning plants for removal of particulate matter from the flue gases. Lodge-Cottrell design, supply, erect and commission complete gas cleaning installations, together with any associated dust handling pelletising or water treatment plants for all these applications. Each plant is designed for the specific application and the LodgeCottrell range of equipment covering electrostatic precipitators, high energy scrubbers, bag filters and mechanical collectors ensures that the most economic and effective type of plant is employed Lodge-Cottrell, England circle 6 an reader enquiry card
METR~FLEX ISOLATORS The Metro-Flex Group specialise in solving problems calling for gas-tight isolation. MetroFlex isolators are available for flue and duct sizes from less than 0.05 to more than 1OOmzand for temperatures up to 1000°C. All the valves use advanced techniques of gas-tight sealing by means of austenitic steel flexible sealing elements ensuring a very high degree of tightness, 99.8-lo&& on cross-sectional area, depending on type. At ENVITEC ‘73, MetroFlex Group will be showing their latest version of Simplex Isolator. Valves similar to this, for pressures up to 2000 mm W.C., have recently been supplied for primary air isolation at Longannet, circle 5 on reader enquiry card Rugeley, Tilbury B and West Burton Power Stations in the United Kingdom and for SO2 scrubber isolation at Cherokee and Mohave Power Stations in the United LODGE-COTTRELL: GAS CLEANING, DUST States. The casing of the valve shown has been specially COLLECTION str~g~ened to enable the unit, in the open position, to The Lodge-Cottrell stand at ENVITEC ‘73 presents a withstand explosive pressures up to 3.5 atm. visual display of the services to industry offered by the This latest Simplex Isolator enables possible safe and iii
the first time at the Achema Exhibition in Frankfurt in June. The apparatus enables our technicians to duplicate plant conditions and information is provided from the tests carried out, which enables the recommendation of the most suitable fabric to be made. Technical literature on filtration problems in most industries will be available in English and French and this will indicate the results obtained with the special synthetic cloths which will be on display. The stand will be manned by two resident German representatives, who will be able to converse on filtration with most continental visitors. P. & S. Textiles Ltd., England
BR~AKTHR~UGII IN 1~~USTRIAL CONTROL CUTS COSTS
POLLUTION
Purity International Ltd. will exhibit at ENVITEC ‘73 a new clean air system that can eliminate as much as 99.9% of airborne particles in industrial exhaust gases, while using only 25-35s of the power needed by conventional equipment. Purity International of Dublin, claim that their system, marketed under the name Pentapure Impinger, easy maintenance of puiverised fuel milis while the is cheaper to install and maintain than existing equipboiler itself remains on-load. Similarly. Metro-Flex ment hecause of a patented application of established Duplex and Glandular Spade Valves, of which details fluid-dynamic principles and the resulting simplicity of will be available on the stand, are used to isolate precipidesign and operation. In certain applications, the Purity lators and fans at steelworks, cement works and power International system can cost less than half the price of statmns where the growth in unit size and unit producother equipment. tion capacity, coupled with increasingly stringent polluThe system combines high efficiency dirt collection tion regulations make the need for safe on-load mainwith great flexibility of application. It can handle airtenance an economic essential. borne effluents, wet or dry, where conventional air clcanors are Iimited by moisture and temperature -eliminating particles down to 0.01 /em. ~hc smallest unit costs approximately fl 500 and copes with exhaust flows of between 500 and 3000 ft3 min--.I. Larger units are available to handle the maximum industrial requirements and show a pro rata reducFABRICS FOR DUST COLLECTION EQUIPMENT tion in costs per cubic foot of gas flow treated. The company claims that the equipment is easier to An extensive range of fabrics will be on view consisting install than baghouses, simpler to maint~n than high of continuous filament, staple fibre and monofilament and does not have to be purposecloths which have been designed particularly for use on energy scrubbers, designed for each type of particle, as in the case of equipment involved in the reduction of environmental electrostatic precipitators. pollution. Made-up articles for dust collection equip Deveioped originally by the company’s Chicagoment wit1 be on show. ~nufa~tured from all synthetic based parent, the system is already working in a number fibres including Fib&ass, Nomex and Teflon and of US. industries, including steel. foundries, chemicals. speciahsed articles for wet filtration will include textiles, paper and fertilisers. Needled felt “Neotex” and ‘“Propex” constructions. In Britain. Edward Curran Engineering Ltd., of materials, which provide 99.9% efficiency on dust collection where the particle size can be ‘70% less than 1 Cardiff. have installed units in their enamel spray shops; a unit is currently under test at the Bedford foundry of /_nn, will be available for examination. together with George Fischer Castings Ltd.; and another has been used fabrics with case histories showing their condition ordered by the Glynwed Group for their Falkirk, after extensive usage. Research Department equipment for test work in the Scotland, foundry. investigation of user problems, i.e. the selection of Purity International Ltd, Eire cloths for dry filtration, will be shown as a working circle $2on reader enquiry ~.urd unit. This equipment, which has been designed by P. & S. Textiles, is a registered design and was shown for
DETECTION OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS The Safety in Mines Research Establishment (SMRE), Department of Trade and Industry, carries out research on all major aspects of safety in coal mines, and on a smaIIer range of non-mining probtems. Techniques devised at SMRE for monitoring the mining environment are applicable over a much wider field to help in the fight against atmospheric pollution. An important part of SMRE’s research is concerned with gas detection. Transducers have been developed that can measure pollutant gases in concentrations below the maximum limits recommended for industrial exposure. Three gas-measuring techniques are featured at the ENVITEC ‘73 Exhibition. A sensing element has been devised that relies on the changes in electrical conductivity that are produced in a semiconductor metal oxide when a gas reacts on its surface. Portable instruments based on the element are being developed for measuring carbon monoxide and methane, and these instruments are on view.
DATA LOGGXNG AIDS POLLUTION CONTROL During the last decade pollution and its accompanying social and ecologicai problems have become a subject of international concern. Recognition of this fact has led both governmental and industrial research establishments to devote increasing effort to the study of pollution and its attendant environmental hazards. These establish~nts are engaged in measuring the extent of pollution and studying methods of preventing or reducing it. Interest is not confined solely to the’long standing pollutants, smoke and sulphur dioxide, against which substantial measures have been taken. Increasing attention is being paid to industrial emissions and to motor vehicle exhaust. Work on the assessment and development of techniques for sampling and measuring covers a wide variety of equipment but, as the research generally involves Iong term projects requiring a ~nimum of manpower, sophisticated apparatus is increasingly being used for monitoring, logging, and high speed transmission of data.
The Warren Spring Laboratory, the Department of Trade and Industry’s industrial and environmenta research establishment, is at present engaged on a S-year programme to survey the contribution of motor vehicle exhaust to the level of urban poI~ution, As wet1 as indicating long term trends, the schedule of frequent measurements will provide detailed information on peak concentrations and the persistance of high pollution levels. The research team is using eight Mycalex Series 5 Data Logging Systems to assist them in their experiments. These loggers are situated at selected sites in the U.K. to collect data from a range of instrumentation measuring not only air pollution but also traffic flow, wind speed and solar radiation. The Series 5 loggers were particularly suitable for this application due to their flexibility and compact coqstruction. The loggers are used in conjunction with a Mycalex manual entry keyboard and a Facit paper tape pun& to provide data in a suitable format for sub~quent analysis by computer. The loggers take measurement readings from sensors at pre-selected intervals and output the data, together with time from an integral digital clock, polarity and range information on to the punched tape. The keyboard is also inputted to the logger and enables an operator to enter identification characters on to the tape at the start of a run. The accuracy of each measure-
(b) A metallized-membrane electrode has been devised for use in a polarographic cetl, and is being developed with a view to measuring carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. The exhibit is a prototype fixed-insta~ation monitor that achieves selectivity by pumping the polluted air through selective reagent layers, but work is proceeding on sensors with greater intrinsic selectivity. (cl A study is being made to determine whether sulphur dioxide can be measured by making use of the inhibiting effect it has on a catalytic reaction, and an experimental arrangement is on view. Also on view is an SMRE prototype instrument that measures the concentration of respirable airborne dust by making use of the light-scattering properties of the dust particles. Instruments of this type have the advantage that they can give instantaneous readings, but the new instrument has the additional advantage that the readings are independent of the dust composition. The instrument is self-contained, and can operate for up to ten hours on a set of rechargeable batteries. The Safety in Mines Research Establishment, l3ngiand
”
present. The outputs from these monitors are then fogged on to a magnetic taye by Rapco portable data Iogger and also on to chart recorders. The data recording instruments for this application obviously had to be portable and robust whilst retaining accuracy of data retrieval. The battery operated Rapco logger with its integral tape deck proved to be e~nen~~ suit&e. Two of the loggers ten channels are used for data monitoring, the other channels being used for experiment identification and analysis checking requirements. The tape used on this instrument is standard cornmercially available extended play magnetic tape and is translated by Rapcv Limited, on to punched paper tape for input to a computer on which data analysis is carried out. Many of the advantages of using data acquisition systems such as those mentioned in this article are obvious - saving in manpower, continuous surveillance, flexibility, high monitoring rate and many others. The major criterion, however, is not what has been achieved but what can be with the continuous advances being made in this important area of technology. h@zalex Instruments Ltd, England
ment is assured by the loggers automatic drift correction system, and comprehensive hardware programming facilities minimise operator attendance. in addition to the measures being_.taken bv_ govern_ ment establishments, a considerable amount of research circle .II on reader is also being carried out by private industry. The Esso Research Ccntrc ar Abingdon for example is presently engaged upon a number of projects to study the pro blems of air pollution. One of these experiments is devoted to the investigation of the content of nitrogen oxide and sulphur dioxide, in the air we breathe. 30th of these gases are formed by the process of combustion and in addition to the exhaust from vehicles attention is aiso being given to the effects of exhausts from central Cm-S The experiment involves the use of a speclalfy equipped mobile unit which can be driven to any location in the country to collect data. The unit incorparates a numba of atmo~heri~ monitors which measure the amount of nitrogen oxide and sufphur dioxide
enquiry
card
2nd ~~ER~ATIGNAL C~NF~R~NC~ ON THE PNEUMATIC TRANSPORT OF SOLIDS IN PIPES Wheeled capsules blown along by air could move the worid’s freight in pipelines un~r~uund by 2000 A.D., according to one of the papers to be presented at the 2nd Internationtrl Conference on the Pneumatic Trww port
of Solids in
Pipes, PiVEUMOTRAhSPORT
2.
Organis& by BHRA Flnid Engineering, the Conference will be held at the University of Surrey, Guildford, 5 -7 September, 1973 and will include a small exhibition. Practical installation and successful commercial opera&m of systems for moving granular materi& will be discussed, while research
p
resultson pipe erosion, the
measurement of particle velocity, and pressure losses, for example, will also be considered. In all, authors from 12 countries will present over 30 papers. Before the Conference opens, BHRA will run an intensive course on Pneumotransport which will include lectures on: mathematical models; capsule flows; feeding and separation of materials; pneumatic convey ing systems; and safety. The Course will be h&i on 3 and 4 September at the University of Surrey; details and registration forms will be available shortly. Further information is available from the Orgardser, ~g~mof~~~t 2, BHRa Ffuid Engineerin& Crana field, Bedford MR43 OAJ, England. Britbh Hydromchanica
Rmearch Assoeation,
E-d
THE PITTSBURGH CONFERENCE The 25th PittsburghConference on AnalyticalChemk try and Applied Spectroscopy will be held at the Cleveland Convention Center, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A., 4-g March, 1974. An estimated 350 papers on alI phaes of Analytical cftemistty and Spectroscopy will b pmsented. Symposia on the following subjects are now being arranged, 1. Recent developments and trends in clinical chemistry. 2. Great moments in analytical chemistry and spectrascopy 1 3. Remote sensing of env~ro~~~t~ air pollutants, 4. The role of analysis in consumex chemistry. 5. Recent advances in selective ion electrodes. 6. Symposium on applied liquid chromatography. 7. Monitoring of water pollutants: for abatement, for prevention, for economics. 8. Symposium on computerized taboratory systems &YTicp). 9. Symposium on matrix isoIation spectroscopy. 10. Cobientz society award symposium. Papers are nor restricted to the symposium topics and original papers on a21 phases of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy are invited. Authors w%ing to present papers at the f9?4 Pittsburgh Conference should mbmit three copies of a If@ word abstract to: R$z& S. Danchik, Program Chairman 1974 Pittsburgh Conference Alcoa Laboratories Alcoa Center, Pennsylvania 15069, U.S.A. Abstract forms are available from the Program Chairman. The names and comp!efe addresses of all authors should be included with all abstracts submitted and the name of the person who will present the paper should be underlined. The final date for receipt of abstracts is 1 October, 2973. In addition to the program of tecImicaI papers, more than 275 companies, both foreign and domestic, will be represented at the Exposition of Modem Laboratory Equipment, the largest exposition of analytical instmmentation and related materials in the world. Reservations for exhibit space should be directed to: Robert W.Bai&ux, Exposition Chairman U.S. Steel Corporation Research Laboratory, M.S. 57 Monroeville, Pennsylvania 15146, U.S.A. Alcoa Technical Center, U.S.A.
POLLUTION, GROWTH AND ELECTROTECHNOLOGY A Future Perspective from the Electrical Research ~SscwiatiO~. Electricity demand and supply, the fastest
growing major industrial parameters for the advanced nations are associated directly with four major growth sectors; generation and transmission, transportation, communications and electronics. The frst two are vital to a nation’s econumic growth, but they cause ~n~derable pollution congestion, disposal problems, whereas the last two consume relatively small amounts of power (and thus energy), are virtually pollution-free and in general the products are volumetrically small. The relationship between these four sectors and others forms the first part of ERAs Long Range Planning Report entitled A Review of ~lee~r~te~~~o~~ai Growth and Developments to the Year 2&M for which there has been such an overwhelming demand from executive-industrialists in fifteen countries that a second identical printing is now available. The report first develops the industrial power relationship between developed and developing nationsfor the rest of t&is cxztury and then assesses the vital inputs to industry--manpower, energy and power, and the economics of trade. The main section of the report focuses on the future of the four main growth sectors each being directed in sequence towards World, Western European and U.K. aspects. After a speciti evaluation of the social---technical interface with which industry is becoming more concerned, the report finally presents the hundreds of forecasts and infhzences in the standard method adopted by the Association; this enables clients to generate their own forecasts according to individual company poll&s and needs. Further international forecasts covered in the report include the “superblocks” of nations that will dominate world trade in the 1990's,the future trade rela~on~ip between China, U.S.S.R., fapan and tke U.S.A. and Western European nations and the relationship between the national problems such as shortage, urbanisation, congestion, pollution and waste. For free descriptive literature, including a 7 p. list of the titles of parts, sections, sub-sections and diagrams giving a factual understanding of the theme and scope of this f300 report, contact the Long Range ~~~~~~~~ Department, Electrical Research Association. Electrical Research Association, England circle 12 on render enquiry card
NEW EMISSIUN CONTROL MANUAL New York, 21 May, 1973. How many inoperative emission control devices are inoperative and how many mechanics can adjust and service today’s pollution controt devices so that vehicles will perform at their peak? The first comprehensive guide - Motor’s E~~s~~o~ Conirof Mantlal - has been added lo Motor fublication’s library of repair and service manuals. Motor’s Emission Control Manual, a 768 p. hard cover reference work with over 790 detailed illustrations and diagrams, contains all the information needed to check, service and maintain every emission cmtrof and
related system in use since 1968 when such devices were first required on cars. In addition, special chapters give general background information on smog and air pollution, why motor vehicle emission control is really needed, the chemistry of smog and air pollution and a complete synopsis of all state and federal laws on the subject. Other pertinent material in the manual includes step by step installation, service and maintenance procedures on retrofit kits approved by the State of California Air Resources Board. as well as how these can lower the level of air pollutants from older vehicles. Purchasers of the omission Control Manual at $27 will aiso receive four quarterly newletters which will update the purchaser on all the latest developments as they occur tn the field of automotive emission control. Motor Publications,
As with the first edition, it is hard for me to be sure how this book will fit with the needs, requirements, and philosophies of other countries. It is basically an account of the American experience. Nevertheless, 1 would not hesitate to recommend it to anyone, anywhere, and my recomnlendation for my fellow countrymen is unequivocal. Ruy it for your hid-s~houi age child and then read it yourselfl it may well give you some new insights. It will be’useful as supplemental reading at either the high school or college under-
graduate level, and for laymen of any age who want a sound overall view of our environmental problems. James P. Lodge, Jr.
U.S.A.
OUR POLLUTED WORLD - CAN MAN SURVIVE? JOffN PERRY, Revised Edn. Published by Franklin Watt, New York. xvii + 237 pp. $5.95. Anyone
deeply involved
in pollution
control
tends to
approach popular books on the subject with some trepidation. It is almost invariably frustrating to read them; one is forever thinking, “For God’s sake, when is he going to get around to mentioning_?” The first edition of this book, published in 1967, was the first popular book that did not so affect me ~.~r~zos~~eri~ environment 1967, 1523). The new edition is, by the author’s own testimony, almost completely rewritten but the original qualities are still there. It is personal, logical, well-considered, and quite remorseless. Somewhat fewer people are cited by name, and a few personal incidents have gone to make way for more recent info~tion. Perry was selfemployed when he wrote the first edition; he now works for someone else with a concomitant reduction of his free time for interviewing, resulting in more dependence on secondary sources. The level of craftsmanship in this edition may be slightly lower than before. New terms are not quite so n~eti~ulo~~sly defined (for example, “anadromous” appears suddenly on p. 212 without introductions and the word “data” is treated as a singular noun - one of my particular pet peeves. (The English language is going to perdition fast enough without help, thank you!) Most of the chapter headings are unchanged, which is unfortunate; they will antagonize some individuals who really aught to read the book. In particular, the characterization of pesticides as the “Ultimate Pollutant” is highly questionable and hurts the credibility of much better considered dicta elsewhere in the volume. It is inappropriate to suggest that pesticides are the ultimate pollutant unless one is prepared to maintain that many pollutants are ultimate, some are more ultimate than
viii