- Email: [email protected]
Environmental Health Criteria 21—Chlorine and Hydrogen Chloride
Environmental Health Criteria ?I-Chlorine and Hydrogen Chloride Report produced under the ~otnt sponsorship oi the United Nations Environment Programme. thz International Labour Organization. and the World Health Organization The WHO Environmental Health Critenrt Programme was initiated in 1973. and incorporated into the lntcrnational Programme on Chemical Safer) m 1980. Thts report H;L~ produced from the work of a WHO Task Group meeting in 1981. and incorporates recommexxhttiont for iurthcr stud). 95 well as it useful reference list. Content<: Summary dnd Recommendations for Further Studies: Properties dnd Analytical Methods: Saurccs ot Chlortnr snd Hydrogen Chloride in the Environment: Environmcntal Transformattonr. Levels and Exposure: EtTects of Chlortne and Hydrogen Chloride on some Elemenrx~ Forms oi Lift and on Experimental Animals: Effects in Man-Controlled. Clnncal and Epidemiological Studtes: Evaluation of Health Risks to Man from Expo~rc to Chlorine or flqdrogtm Chloride; References. Available from n’H0. Dtstribution and S&s Service. 121 I Geneva 27. Switzerhtnd. ISBN 92 4 IS3081 S. 9j pp. 19S2. Price: Su. fr. 7. Handbook of Emission Factors-Parts I and 2 Productd by the Scthcrlands Organization ior Scicntttic Rcscarch for the Dutch Government
Applied
An emisston factor is a number that indicates how much airor water pollutrng matter is produced per cmtssiongoverning unit. In order to realtze 3n etTecttve policy. planning for the systematic reduction of an Jnd water pollution. a thorough knowledge of the kind. origin. amount and location oithe emission of pollutants is esscntial. A systematic inventory was m;lde m the Netherlands of the emissions into air and surfxr water from both industrial and non-industriul sources. The collected material has becn published as n handbook-in two volumes. Part I--Non-industri;tl sources. This includes emission factors for domestic xtivitics, spatial heating. tralfic. agricultural activities and nature itself. Part Z-Industrial sources. This gives the emission factors for a number of industrial proccsscs and activities oi a relatively general nature. The manufacturing process and the cause of emissions are also bristly discuiscd. Available from the Government Publishing Otficc. Hague. The Netherlands. ISBN 90 I2 0360 X. 198-k Part l-270 pp. DH j2.0. Z-j70 pp. DB l3.00. KWC Index of International Standards Produced by the International Orgmization ization
The Part
standitrdz. It is mtendcd to issue .tn up-&ted KWIC Index erer! t\Lo :cari.
edition of the
.-\vailable from the Intcrn‘ttion3i Organi&tr:on for Standardization I ISO). Salts Department. Case postale j6. CH-
I2 I I Gcncvc 10. Su-ttzcriand. 1933. -155 pp. Price: Ss\. fr. 13’5. Inalyris and Chemistry uf \Vater Pollutants (Current Topics m Envtronmentai and Toxicological Chemtstr)--\‘olumr 6) Edited by R. \V. FHU and t_. A. Th. BKINR\I~\ This book contains scicctcd ptpcrs presented at the 11th :Innual Symposium on the Anai~tic,tl Chemistr> of Pollutants held m Amsterdltm. I-1-16 .Aprii. 1982. The Svmposium was organised bq the lntemstton~i .Association oi_Environmental .Anaiyticcll Chcmistr> rn colhtboratton with the Rob:11 Dutch Chemtcul Soiiet! 2nd under the sponsorship of v;trious n4tional oryaniscltions. The introductory papers Jeul m part with policy matters and mnrc intcrdi~ciplinary aspects including testing proccdurcs for mutagenic pollutclnts. -4 section then follows on inorganic pnllutartts \\ith such titis 3s “tIea\! metal interaction with aquatic humus” and . ..Atomtc absorptton determtmttion of bcr~llium tmces in n;LtumI waters”. The largest section is th;tt on urganic poliuranrs. retlecting the increasing mtcrcst in persistent orpanics in water bodtes. The demand for mom studies on spcctation rather than on total puramctcrs i5 also \tsible from the contents of this book. This rolumc I< ;lddressed in particular to scrsntists concerned with rcscarch. controi. nt,tn,tgcment 2nd legtslation in connection with w;ttcr pnilution. or environmental problem-solving in and specthc analytical problems for some types of compounds The tinal session was drdicatcd to an ovcrvicu of future cnvironmcntal problems. This volume follou~ the order of presentation of papers at the Skmpostum
for Standard-
The index contains the permuted tttlcs of nevrly 7jO0 documents resulting from the standardizing activities of 2-t internauonal orgamzattoni. The documents include international standards. international recommendations. international conventions. technical annexes to intcrnnttnnal conventions and international codes of practice. The index is intended primarily ior natiomtl governmental authorities. standards bodies and technical libraries. 2nd for all individuals engaged in xtivities involving the uw ot
:\vailable irom D. Reidel Pubbshin: Compxnh. 17. 3300 :\A Dordrccht. Tht Ssthrrlands. 1953. \i - 339 pp. Price: USSj9.tiO.
P.O. Box
hlethods of Seawater Analysis (Second. rcviced and extended edition) Edited h) K. GIWSHOFP. \l. EHRH.\HIIT and K. KKEMLING When the first edition of this book appcarcd tn 1976. it uas quicki! acccptcd b> mannc scicnttstz as ;L rchabic source of information on rlnal) tical proccdurcs spccitica!!:. developed
~'"
Book Reviews
~or use with seawater. Ho'.~e,er. manne chemistry in generai, and its anai~tica! branch in particuiar, are rapidi> e;olvin~. According[>. aii chapters of the first edition ha~e been revised and updated. Nla~.~ have been expanded considerabi~, most notabi? those on trace metal analysis and the automated determination of .norganic micronutrients. New chapters have been added for anal)tical procedures which ha~e reached a degree of reliability that ~arrants inclusion. The reader will nov,' find detailed information on the use of capillar.', gas chromatom"aphy tbr the analysis and quantification of chlorinated hydrocarbons, on the use of macroreticular resins for concentrating dissolved organic material from large volumes of seawater, on the adaptation of spectrofluorimetry for measuring oil residues in seawater, and on the merits of HPLC ibr amino acid and carbohydrate determinations. Thus, the book should once again prove a reliable and up-to-date source ofinfomlation. A~ailable from Verlag Chemic GmbH, D-6940 Wcinheim, Federal Rept.blic of Germany. ISBN (Vcrlag Chemie) 3 ,.., _399~ 8. t983. xxviii +419 pp.
Membrane Filtration: A User's Guide and Reference Manual By T. D, BROCK State-of the-art techniques, and inlbrmation on laboratory, industrial and pharmaceutical uses of membrane filters are described in this manual. Available from Science Tech. Inc., Box 55090, Madison. Wl 53705, U.S.A. 1983. 381 pp. Price: US$29.95. Oil Pollution Control Instrumentation By H. D. PARKER and G. D. PITT This book is based on selected papers given by the authors at a United Nations (IMCO~ sponsored symposium in China in Septentber 1980. The authors have since revised and updated their papers, adding new material to provide a valuable reference source on recent developments in oil pollution control instrumentation. Topics covered in the book include: Oil in water detection--a technical appraisal of the state of the art: Shipboard oil content meters--review of current equipment; Interlace detection; Technical requirements of the A393(x) and A444(xI) concerning oil water separators and process units: Large scale treatment of oil contaminated water: Methods ['or the disposal of recovered oil and oily sludge: Oil content monitoring at ballast water treatment facilities and offshore production platforms. Available from Graham & Trotman Ltd. Sterling House, 66 Wilton Road, London SWIV IDE, England. ISBN 0 86010 36g 4. 1983. ,,"7",: pp. Price: £25.00: USS46.00.
The Statistical Representation of Refinery Effluent Quality Data--A Case Example (CONCAWE) C O N C A W E Report No. 1081 This report uses daily oil-in-water data from a single refinery o~er a period of almost a year and demonstrates how a
stanstical approach can be used to achie',e an indication of emuent quality over a period o( time. CONCAWE is the oi! companies" European organisation for environmental and health protection. Available from CONCAWE. Babylon-Kantoren A. Konin~n Julianaplein 30-9. 2595 AA Den Haag, The Netherlands. The Pollution Control Policy of the European Communities By STAXLEV P. JOHNSON This publication provides an analysis, by a very senior officer in the European Commission, of the European Communities" official environmental protection policies. It will be of interest to libraries, universities, government agencies and companies concerned with polluting processes, as well as organisations involved with making pollution control products. This new edition has been completely re,.ised to cover all changes made in the regulations since the first edition in 1979. Contents: (t) Objectives. Principles, General Description of Environmental Programme: (21 Water: (3) Air; (4) Waste: (5) Chemicals in the Environment: (6) Noise: (7) Economic Aspects of Pollution Control: (8) Research: (9) Preventive Action: (10t Implementations of Directives; (11) International Action. Available from Graham & Trotman Ltd. Sterling House. 66 WiIton Road, London SWIV IDE, England. [SBN 0 86010411 7. 198Y 176 pp. Price: £18.00: USS3YOO. Water Chlorination Environmental Impact and Health Effects--Volume 4 Book I--Chemistry and Water Treatment Book 2--Environment, Health and Risk Edited by R. L. JOLt.EY, W. A. BRUNGS, J. A. COTRUVO, R. B. CUMMJNC,, .1. S. MATTtCE and V. A. J;~coss These two books contain the proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Water Chlorination: "'Environmental Impact and Health Effects", held in California in 1981. During the conference, over 100 scientific and technical papers ~,,ere presented, and these are published in the books in the following sections: Bm)k 1 Section Section Section Section Section Book 2 Section
Section Section Section Section Section
I--Chemistry of nitrogenous and other compounds 2--Organic chemistry basis tbr chlorine demand 3---Cooling water, drinking water and wastewater 4~Analytical methods 5--Ana ytica determination of oxidants 6--Interaction of aquatic ecosystem components with chlorination 7--Cooling waters and aquatic toxicology 8--Disinfection 9--Mutagenicity and carcinogenicit.', 10---Human studies l l--Risk of chlorination: issues and answers.
Available from Ann Arbor Science Publishers, 230 Cotlingwood, P.O. Box 1425. Ann Arbor, Nil 48106, U.S.A. ISBN 0 250 40519 9. 1983. 1493 pp, ~two books combined).
Applied
An emisston factor is a number that indicates how much airor water pollutrng matter is produced per cmtssiongoverning unit. In order to realtze 3n etTecttve policy. planning for the systematic reduction of an Jnd water pollution. a thorough knowledge of the kind. origin. amount and location oithe emission of pollutants is esscntial. A systematic inventory was m;lde m the Netherlands of the emissions into air and surfxr water from both industrial and non-industriul sources. The collected material has becn published as n handbook-in two volumes. Part I--Non-industri;tl sources. This includes emission factors for domestic xtivitics, spatial heating. tralfic. agricultural activities and nature itself. Part Z-Industrial sources. This gives the emission factors for a number of industrial proccsscs and activities oi a relatively general nature. The manufacturing process and the cause of emissions are also bristly discuiscd. Available from the Government Publishing Otficc. Hague. The Netherlands. ISBN 90 I2 0360 X. 198-k Part l-270 pp. DH j2.0. Z-j70 pp. DB l3.00. KWC Index of International Standards Produced by the International Orgmization ization
The Part
standitrdz. It is mtendcd to issue .tn up-&ted KWIC Index erer! t\Lo :cari.
edition of the
.-\vailable from the Intcrn‘ttion3i Organi&tr:on for Standardization I ISO). Salts Department. Case postale j6. CH-
I2 I I Gcncvc 10. Su-ttzcriand. 1933. -155 pp. Price: Ss\. fr. 13’5. Inalyris and Chemistry uf \Vater Pollutants (Current Topics m Envtronmentai and Toxicological Chemtstr)--\‘olumr 6) Edited by R. \V. FHU and t_. A. Th. BKINR\I~\ This book contains scicctcd ptpcrs presented at the 11th :Innual Symposium on the Anai~tic,tl Chemistr> of Pollutants held m Amsterdltm. I-1-16 .Aprii. 1982. The Svmposium was organised bq the lntemstton~i .Association oi_Environmental .Anaiyticcll Chcmistr> rn colhtboratton with the Rob:11 Dutch Chemtcul Soiiet! 2nd under the sponsorship of v;trious n4tional oryaniscltions. The introductory papers Jeul m part with policy matters and mnrc intcrdi~ciplinary aspects including testing proccdurcs for mutagenic pollutclnts. -4 section then follows on inorganic pnllutartts \\ith such titis 3s “tIea\! metal interaction with aquatic humus” and . ..Atomtc absorptton determtmttion of bcr~llium tmces in n;LtumI waters”. The largest section is th;tt on urganic poliuranrs. retlecting the increasing mtcrcst in persistent orpanics in water bodtes. The demand for mom studies on spcctation rather than on total puramctcrs i5 also \tsible from the contents of this book. This rolumc I< ;lddressed in particular to scrsntists concerned with rcscarch. controi. nt,tn,tgcment 2nd legtslation in connection with w;ttcr pnilution. or environmental problem-solving in
for Standard-
The index contains the permuted tttlcs of nevrly 7jO0 documents resulting from the standardizing activities of 2-t internauonal orgamzattoni. The documents include international standards. international recommendations. international conventions. technical annexes to intcrnnttnnal conventions and international codes of practice. The index is intended primarily ior natiomtl governmental authorities. standards bodies and technical libraries. 2nd for all individuals engaged in xtivities involving the uw ot
:\vailable irom D. Reidel Pubbshin: Compxnh. 17. 3300 :\A Dordrccht. Tht Ssthrrlands. 1953. \i - 339 pp. Price: USSj9.tiO.
P.O. Box
hlethods of Seawater Analysis (Second. rcviced and extended edition) Edited h) K. GIWSHOFP. \l. EHRH.\HIIT and K. KKEMLING When the first edition of this book appcarcd tn 1976. it uas quicki! acccptcd b> mannc scicnttstz as ;L rchabic source of information on rlnal) tical proccdurcs spccitica!!:. developed
~'"
Book Reviews
~or use with seawater. Ho'.~e,er. manne chemistry in generai, and its anai~tica! branch in particuiar, are rapidi> e;olvin~. According[>. aii chapters of the first edition ha~e been revised and updated. Nla~.~ have been expanded considerabi~, most notabi? those on trace metal analysis and the automated determination of .norganic micronutrients. New chapters have been added for anal)tical procedures which ha~e reached a degree of reliability that ~arrants inclusion. The reader will nov,' find detailed information on the use of capillar.', gas chromatom"aphy tbr the analysis and quantification of chlorinated hydrocarbons, on the use of macroreticular resins for concentrating dissolved organic material from large volumes of seawater, on the adaptation of spectrofluorimetry for measuring oil residues in seawater, and on the merits of HPLC ibr amino acid and carbohydrate determinations. Thus, the book should once again prove a reliable and up-to-date source ofinfomlation. A~ailable from Verlag Chemic GmbH, D-6940 Wcinheim, Federal Rept.blic of Germany. ISBN (Vcrlag Chemie) 3 ,.., _399~ 8. t983. xxviii +419 pp.
Membrane Filtration: A User's Guide and Reference Manual By T. D, BROCK State-of the-art techniques, and inlbrmation on laboratory, industrial and pharmaceutical uses of membrane filters are described in this manual. Available from Science Tech. Inc., Box 55090, Madison. Wl 53705, U.S.A. 1983. 381 pp. Price: US$29.95. Oil Pollution Control Instrumentation By H. D. PARKER and G. D. PITT This book is based on selected papers given by the authors at a United Nations (IMCO~ sponsored symposium in China in Septentber 1980. The authors have since revised and updated their papers, adding new material to provide a valuable reference source on recent developments in oil pollution control instrumentation. Topics covered in the book include: Oil in water detection--a technical appraisal of the state of the art: Shipboard oil content meters--review of current equipment; Interlace detection; Technical requirements of the A393(x) and A444(xI) concerning oil water separators and process units: Large scale treatment of oil contaminated water: Methods ['or the disposal of recovered oil and oily sludge: Oil content monitoring at ballast water treatment facilities and offshore production platforms. Available from Graham & Trotman Ltd. Sterling House, 66 Wilton Road, London SWIV IDE, England. ISBN 0 86010 36g 4. 1983. ,,"7",: pp. Price: £25.00: USS46.00.
The Statistical Representation of Refinery Effluent Quality Data--A Case Example (CONCAWE) C O N C A W E Report No. 1081 This report uses daily oil-in-water data from a single refinery o~er a period of almost a year and demonstrates how a
stanstical approach can be used to achie',e an indication of emuent quality over a period o( time. CONCAWE is the oi! companies" European organisation for environmental and health protection. Available from CONCAWE. Babylon-Kantoren A. Konin~n Julianaplein 30-9. 2595 AA Den Haag, The Netherlands. The Pollution Control Policy of the European Communities By STAXLEV P. JOHNSON This publication provides an analysis, by a very senior officer in the European Commission, of the European Communities" official environmental protection policies. It will be of interest to libraries, universities, government agencies and companies concerned with polluting processes, as well as organisations involved with making pollution control products. This new edition has been completely re,.ised to cover all changes made in the regulations since the first edition in 1979. Contents: (t) Objectives. Principles, General Description of Environmental Programme: (21 Water: (3) Air; (4) Waste: (5) Chemicals in the Environment: (6) Noise: (7) Economic Aspects of Pollution Control: (8) Research: (9) Preventive Action: (10t Implementations of Directives; (11) International Action. Available from Graham & Trotman Ltd. Sterling House. 66 WiIton Road, London SWIV IDE, England. [SBN 0 86010411 7. 198Y 176 pp. Price: £18.00: USS3YOO. Water Chlorination Environmental Impact and Health Effects--Volume 4 Book I--Chemistry and Water Treatment Book 2--Environment, Health and Risk Edited by R. L. JOLt.EY, W. A. BRUNGS, J. A. COTRUVO, R. B. CUMMJNC,, .1. S. MATTtCE and V. A. J;~coss These two books contain the proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Water Chlorination: "'Environmental Impact and Health Effects", held in California in 1981. During the conference, over 100 scientific and technical papers ~,,ere presented, and these are published in the books in the following sections: Bm)k 1 Section Section Section Section Section Book 2 Section
Section Section Section Section Section
I--Chemistry of nitrogenous and other compounds 2--Organic chemistry basis tbr chlorine demand 3---Cooling water, drinking water and wastewater 4~Analytical methods 5--Ana ytica determination of oxidants 6--Interaction of aquatic ecosystem components with chlorination 7--Cooling waters and aquatic toxicology 8--Disinfection 9--Mutagenicity and carcinogenicit.', 10---Human studies l l--Risk of chlorination: issues and answers.
Available from Ann Arbor Science Publishers, 230 Cotlingwood, P.O. Box 1425. Ann Arbor, Nil 48106, U.S.A. ISBN 0 250 40519 9. 1983. 1493 pp, ~two books combined).