Environmental law of the sea

Environmentel Policy end Law. 13/3/4 ~I M, tg ~ormldilr idhedng LQ th6 abov~ ~fll~iel I~ S ~lRllf of urgency, f ~ l ~ 1he St 4111memb4Brl o1111ocop~erence on ~ l ~ m ~ n t e . d W arrive al an early Agreenv~t on Ihe I~c~lbJtlo~ Of Ihe production and stO¢~l~gng el ~hvm[cal weapnne, N~Ill. pending the conclusion of an ~ ' e e m a n l an I~e prohibition ~r~J ~thckpll[hg tJ C h l l ~ B I ,..eapens, the1 all s[atas which p~41111 Path weapons tske all p.~sslbla ~f~K;IUI~¢'e [o ensure thai the dange's to f~11an IHallh and Ibe environment caus~.t by the pfo~uCllon, lltockpiling, handling ~ d Illr,lpoHellOa el |UCb chemJnal sur)clanC~s I ~ mililel~ gerpOIleS he reduced, in paftlculLr by bl~jactleg ~ activities to appropriate • ll=~uaKla which should not be less severe 11~m t ~ l l e -ppllcable tO a~mllar civilian activitms, Oa~larlm thai 1he nalurai herllage of the wo~ld, ir,~lud;ng sr.osystams beyond the liri~lls Of n c t i ~ e l iurisdlctian, should b~ tr~ek~ in the game way &Is the cullur;~ IlOrttsg~ one |h4~l this Should be made the ob )e~ of m~ inh.rnaf~lat Irecty, by way of ~m ~ r 1 ~ f T ~ n l al Ihe Hagge Convention for [h~ p~olecfio~ of cultural properly in the svanl 01 armed COOfIIcl OI 14 May 19~J4,or ~r~,hu;WIBe, ~ l d ~ U~4~nslates to ertsurd teal all mlhlary aczlvltias Lir~erlak~ In limbs OI peace, In p~. IJS'JlaU"the [haling Of w~',.apons and techniques In ~ ~ f~t heililB purpose=, be conducted eo H In ev~ld undl~ deunage to [he environ. mrIH. I~l'-'l~onm4ntlll LaW of the S l e Raoldllnll lhel the Oceans ~ v e r 71% el the so, lace el the earth and am the homes of a vaml number of species of giants and animals, Fully ilWlXO el the Imprudence el oceans m a n a o w n ~ l as a GOmlx)nen[ or the World~ide efflN~a towards the conservation of the B~Ol~llm and the achimmment of the goals eli the World Conservation 5b'atsgy end the ~plemenlation of the prhlciplas of the Wo~ld C~tarLe~ lot Na~ure, Rl¢llll]ng rasoluilan 1.~17 of the 15th Sea5ten 04 Iha General Assgmbly ot IUCN. a~ well as the aclion teken in many International fore tad by rr~my InternaLmnel end national O~gl~ellOna to [haler irderesl In o~ean all,Its Ind tO ptemctu on.operative ocean conIlztv~lon And managomanl action Cor~Jlth~rlng thai ~he Third UN Conference On It~ Law ol the ~ l n ILQS) has played a st~nlhcant rule in II1B elaborallon o[ [hB enVlronff~nlel few or the sea, culm[haling In [he Inctus,on m the 1B8~ LCI5 Corwention many Peovis/one of maim anvironmantsl Slgeific~nco whic:h I~ave beer1 widely achaians) by Lne commu,.,hy ct hellene including ~mn fh,~.e whi:'~ howl so far reserved [hair Dos)lions luw~rds lhe convenlk~n, Regogr.bJng [he sndorsamenl of the 200 mite occlusive econom,(: some (EEZ) concapl In lee LOt; Convex,hen ard its Implementation hm a growing number 01 nalieno, C(m¢4mad that the actual praclice of manacle g reaouroB an(J regulating uses in meLrins a,~lB in which states hays jurisdiction [~ncludin9 E~Z's Ior those countries which fla~e .dOctored |hem) is not ~all advlsnced and res(x~rcm~ are presently manlged, In many cases, v~[hou[ adequate canalderatlon of In lemsecforaf connectiorl~ and without conskde~allOn of over&el marine.related priorities The General ~sSembly of IUCN, al lie 161h

Session in Madrid, Spain. 5-14 November 1984: W e ~ the significant contrlbul;on or the lg~ 2 UN Convention in the assignment of Specl!,c responsibilities and Identification at spectllc environmental Inlt]allves, Dmwe alhBfll[¢lfl fo the fact that these resl~lslbilltles and Initiatives, in order to achieve their full slgnlfloance, musi b l fOllowed up by epgmpdale action at nalional, regional and global levels. Fudh~r d a w s atlaniton th the magnitude of this task of implementation and to the Iac[ that It can only be sct]sracth¢lly eohleved thrnugrl a collective ellort of oil those InvoiveHd and wl:h the support of the govlrnmental and nor~governmanlal communities. Rlrqumsts all nations mat have not yet .~ir)ned Lhe LOS Convention to give oonaldersI~on to doing so with • view to ratlllcalion, and to dapesli expeditiously the necessary In. strumanLs of ratificalion or accession, and to encourage other nations to sign and rslify the Convention, BlqUUtiJ the Director General of IUCN: (i) to lake all possible steps to ansisl In this 3recess of ImplemantsLIon, ill) when developing the Wodd Conservation Plan, [o give spscleJ attention [o the ocean cnlponant (Including marine areas In which ~lalee have Jurladlcllont; and, (ill) LO ascertain the views oP the member ~tates of lhs United Nations and the concerned Inlarnatlonal organiZaL[ons on the actions and respmlalbilit[hs depicted in the ~..ha~t prepared at the Inltlanve nf the Gommlselan on Environmental Policy, Law and Administrallon; and fovltas UNEP. as e ~ n as pc~slbJe oiLer the enh'y into force of the Law of the Sea ConvgnUon. to convene a ccnfgmnce [h col(abater[on vvtth other eepropriate organizeilona to consider necess~y consarv~[Ion measures. IfooOrllmandn that slctes should, for rnarine areas under [hlll~ jurlsdlcLIOr.: (i) Improve existing instltullonal a r rangemenls ~ d , as necessary, cream new arrangements ÷or Joint planning and management, Including arnangementa for the resoJulion at conflict, (elI adept conservation principles and the prelected areas concept. (111) undertake nctlonel research and monitoring, (iv) eslabilsh data banks for collection and exchange of Inthrmet[an with regional and internellonat research agencies, iv) reduce, control and prevent poliutLon; and (vi) assist developing countries to develop and Ir~g[ement eltectlve management regimes Recommends further that non.governmenial organizations aSSBSe the eitectlveness of management of marine end coastal areas and undertake ed~caitonal and information ~lssemineLIon activities about s~ch management Deep Sea M i n i n g a n d the E e l e b l l e h m e M of Prolecttid A m e s o l the Deep Ocean Rao|lllng IhaL the lath Saas[of~ or the General Aesemb]y of IUCN in Chdstchurcti. New Zealand. adopted a resolution recorr~ mending the establishment ot large sanclusrias in ocean areas where deep see mining la conlimpla[ed under the Law el the Sea Convention, a~d c~lLing upon the

(1984)

Convention's I~eparatory Commission to develop and Implement the concept pumuant to Its rasponsi!tllitles. NoUnS that t~e Third Woitrl PBrl~, Congress in BALi, Indonl~La, in Octof)qr 1982 simllar'y recommended the establishment of deep ocean sanctuades under the Law of the Sea Convention, Nol[hg that IUC'N published a Me#no Protec~.=d Areas source book in the Is,tier heft of lg64 which addresses the concept of protscLed areas In the open seas (Chapter 7), Recoglti@Jng that the Law of the Bee Convolition was opened par elgnsthre in December 1982, that It has been signed by more than 135 nations, and that all of those nations am members of the Preparatory Commission. Awanl thai the Preparatory Commission has held four sessions, beglnnthg in tt~a Spring of 19B3. that s Special Commission has been established to prepare draft rules. mguJctlons end procedures for deep ass m[r~ lag exploration and exploitation and that a General Commltiee Is expected to Issue pioneer Investor certificates of registration in 1985 that will allow nations to engage in explmathry deep sea mining activities. Also Aware that the Preparatory commissions' Bpecle.I Commission. beginning at il~ next seas[ha In 1985, le expecled LO pmpEU~. dra;~ rules, regulations and procedurH con. cern[ng =mvlronmentsl maasute~ that am needed in relaLion to deep sea mining activities. The r~eneral Assembly of IUCN. at its 16th Session In Madrid, Spa[h, 5-14 November Resolves fhct IUCN should merk~, every elrod to pardclpate as an obsel~z,r In the 1955 sessions of the Proparatmy commission to assist In the preparation of draft rul~s, regulalions and procedures that adequalely renact the ccncepl of prelected areas and other ne~dBd environmantsl mess,Jres: and Recommends Ihct the Preparatory Commission adopt mt the ~adtest opportunity drab rules, regulations and procedures which s d ~ quetr.ly mHect the concept of protected ataa.s and other appropriate ervironmmltal measures

L a n d - B a s e d Sources of M a r [ n o Patiolion RL.COg~IVIng that discharges el WaSLeS from land ore by far the moist elgniflca~l sources of medea pollution, as these discharges directly affect the coastal walers whom human contact with the ocean and flshertes resources reach their highest leVels, RecngrllZthg l u r t M r that far Lug little constele Information is available s~%out the thcldence or Impact of land4)ased dlscheuges on the medea envtronment, Noting the dilficully of data collecUon on the entry and fete of contaminants from landbased J~ur¢la with 1"80811:1[o Identification of suhgts~ces, Co13camlRI about conllictlng national thterosts in regard to the control Of lanCkbesed aourrqs of pollution Rrtd the InlM~qua©y of aneironmentsl and International control c~er private foreign [hveaimects, Appnl¢lagv~J of the work Of the a0' Meeting of Bonier Governme~ t Oil]cats Expert in Envhonmentsl Law (Montevideo 1981| w~ich aelecled maline pollution from IILnd-

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