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Enzymatic activities of venom from the jellyfish Stomolophus meleagris
442
Reviews Bisxtenmv, A . M. and QuASrEt., 3. H. (t3nïversity of British Columbia, Kinsmen Laboratory
of Neuralogicai Research, Vancouver, Canada}. Location of amine acids in brain slices from the rat. BioehEm. J. 328, 631, 1972 . Pxz:vvzozas investigations have shown the existence of a `small" and a 'large' amino acid pcwl in brain tïssua. The snnall compartment cantaïns probably an excess of giutaznina, the large one of glutamate. It is supposed that the small compartment consists of filial tissue and the large has neuronal structure. Tcwis far squeezïzzg these pools are in the present investigation protaveratrine, which acts on excitable tissues only, tetrodotoxin (antagonïst of protaveratrïne) and ouabain, which ïnfiuences both kinds of tissues by blacking the active transport. The authors prove by their extensive studies, that the incubation of braincortex slices with protoveratrine causes release of glutamate, y-anninobutyrate, aspartate and glycine. These processes are inhibited by tetrodotoxin. Sins the antagonistic activities of proteveratrine and tetradatoxin inüuezxx only neurons, it is lilcely that glutamate and the other amino acids are derived from the neuron (`large') pool . Guabaïn, on the other hand, affects both neuron and glia, but only the inßuena an neurons be reversed by tetrodotexin. In this case, glutamane is released, sug~sting the main pool of glutamane in theglïa. The authors aa amplishccl by these results and the extrusion of their experïments to glucesc and Ca'+free incubation mixtures an important contribution to the knowledge of the glutamate metabolism in brain tissues. H.M.
P. M. and t~uH, D. S. (Department of Cheznïstry, University of Saatbern Mississippï, atdesburg, Mississippi} . Enzymakis activities of venom from the jellyfish Stomolophus meleapfris. Comp. Btochem. Physiot. 43, 435, I972 .
TaoHZ,
Vz~vox~ from the nematocysts of the jellyßsh SYomolophus mekagris, when tested against a variety of strafes conunonly hydrolyzed by many animal toxins had vary law ar na activity against a variety of acid ¢-naphthylamiäea . Thr venom hydrolyud casrin, but not ßbrinop~n and äïd not display rsterasr activity against the cowman substrates, such as TAME, BAEE, ATEE and BTEE. Na activity toward RNA aced DNA wax found, but weak nuclaottäase and phosphatase bath acid and alkalïne activity was detected . The authors cencluda from the results of this study that lïke snakevenoztts, the over-a}I clinical symptoms arising from jellyßsb stings are probably due to the combination of a number of 'miner' symptoms, arch arising from different components within the venom. w.l~.K .
Saztazcn t, C. E., Nzc,~na~rav, Z, and Yuztra.sorz, L. Ya . (instïtute of Bîacttemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek.SSR, Tashkent}. Fractienadan of Middlo-Asian cabra venom on sulfoethyl-sephadex and investigation an biological activity of thr fractions obtained . H~iokhimiya, 37, i 12, 1972.
Tzar vQaosz of Middl~ Asian cobra, Ngja n. oxyarra was znsoh~ed en sulfoethyl-Saphadat G50 into IO fraotions . Determinatiozzs were made of phaspheüpasc, hyaluraniàase. ATP-pyrophosphatase, 5ntzcieotidase and cholinesterase activities, as well as the toxicities of the fractions. The purification rate and yield were measured. Electrophoresis an starch gel showed a high äegree of hornaganeity of the preparatïans of chelineaterase and hyaluronidase. This method of venom frastionatian is the most adequate far isolation of the chalinestorase and hyaluronidaae from the venom atudird. LS.D.
T'vzr,>.xutav, Y~. Kz;., Soxoxat, Y. M. and N~oiazxztvw, S. A. (Institute of Bioclzarzisiry, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek. SSR, Tashkent}. Amino acid crnmposltlan of Mïddlo-Asian rxfbra venom. Btokhtmtya, 37, I24, 2972. Tiffs wstnao acid compositïon of two toxins isolated from the venom of the Mïddle-Àsian cabra, Naja n. oxiarra was resolved an Sephadex CI-75 and KM-collulasa. Along with variations in the cantmt of ihr individual amino acids, structures of bodz toxins showed qualitative differences. A comparative analysis was 7Y)XICON 7933 Yat. tt.
Reviews Bisxtenmv, A . M. and QuASrEt., 3. H. (t3nïversity of British Columbia, Kinsmen Laboratory
of Neuralogicai Research, Vancouver, Canada}. Location of amine acids in brain slices from the rat. BioehEm. J. 328, 631, 1972 . Pxz:vvzozas investigations have shown the existence of a `small" and a 'large' amino acid pcwl in brain tïssua. The snnall compartment cantaïns probably an excess of giutaznina, the large one of glutamate. It is supposed that the small compartment consists of filial tissue and the large has neuronal structure. Tcwis far squeezïzzg these pools are in the present investigation protaveratrine, which acts on excitable tissues only, tetrodotoxin (antagonïst of protaveratrïne) and ouabain, which ïnfiuences both kinds of tissues by blacking the active transport. The authors prove by their extensive studies, that the incubation of braincortex slices with protoveratrine causes release of glutamate, y-anninobutyrate, aspartate and glycine. These processes are inhibited by tetrodotoxin. Sins the antagonistic activities of proteveratrine and tetradatoxin inüuezxx only neurons, it is lilcely that glutamate and the other amino acids are derived from the neuron (`large') pool . Guabaïn, on the other hand, affects both neuron and glia, but only the inßuena an neurons be reversed by tetrodotexin. In this case, glutamane is released, sug~sting the main pool of glutamane in theglïa. The authors aa amplishccl by these results and the extrusion of their experïments to glucesc and Ca'+free incubation mixtures an important contribution to the knowledge of the glutamate metabolism in brain tissues. H.M.
P. M. and t~uH, D. S. (Department of Cheznïstry, University of Saatbern Mississippï, atdesburg, Mississippi} . Enzymakis activities of venom from the jellyfish Stomolophus meleapfris. Comp. Btochem. Physiot. 43, 435, I972 .
TaoHZ,
Vz~vox~ from the nematocysts of the jellyßsh SYomolophus mekagris, when tested against a variety of strafes conunonly hydrolyzed by many animal toxins had vary law ar na activity against a variety of acid ¢-naphthylamiäea . Thr venom hydrolyud casrin, but not ßbrinop~n and äïd not display rsterasr activity against the cowman substrates, such as TAME, BAEE, ATEE and BTEE. Na activity toward RNA aced DNA wax found, but weak nuclaottäase and phosphatase bath acid and alkalïne activity was detected . The authors cencluda from the results of this study that lïke snakevenoztts, the over-a}I clinical symptoms arising from jellyßsb stings are probably due to the combination of a number of 'miner' symptoms, arch arising from different components within the venom. w.l~.K .
Saztazcn t, C. E., Nzc,~na~rav, Z, and Yuztra.sorz, L. Ya . (instïtute of Bîacttemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek.SSR, Tashkent}. Fractienadan of Middlo-Asian cabra venom on sulfoethyl-sephadex and investigation an biological activity of thr fractions obtained . H~iokhimiya, 37, i 12, 1972.
Tzar vQaosz of Middl~ Asian cobra, Ngja n. oxyarra was znsoh~ed en sulfoethyl-Saphadat G50 into IO fraotions . Determinatiozzs were made of phaspheüpasc, hyaluraniàase. ATP-pyrophosphatase, 5ntzcieotidase and cholinesterase activities, as well as the toxicities of the fractions. The purification rate and yield were measured. Electrophoresis an starch gel showed a high äegree of hornaganeity of the preparatïans of chelineaterase and hyaluronidase. This method of venom frastionatian is the most adequate far isolation of the chalinestorase and hyaluronidaae from the venom atudird. LS.D.
T'vzr,>.xutav, Y~. Kz;., Soxoxat, Y. M. and N~oiazxztvw, S. A. (Institute of Bioclzarzisiry, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek. SSR, Tashkent}. Amino acid crnmposltlan of Mïddlo-Asian rxfbra venom. Btokhtmtya, 37, I24, 2972. Tiffs wstnao acid compositïon of two toxins isolated from the venom of the Mïddle-Àsian cabra, Naja n. oxiarra was resolved an Sephadex CI-75 and KM-collulasa. Along with variations in the cantmt of ihr individual amino acids, structures of bodz toxins showed qualitative differences. A comparative analysis was 7Y)XICON 7933 Yat. tt.