- Email: [email protected]
Enzymatic hydrolysis of ozone pretreated sugarcane bagasse with cellulases of a new isolated thermophilic fungus Myceliophtora sp JCP 1-4
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Poster presentations / Current Opinion in Biotechnology 24S (2013) S48–S143
Antibacterial activity of water-soluble chitosan produced from non-traditional marine resources Francisco Pires Avelelas 1 , André Cavadas Horta 1 , Luís Filipe Pinto 2 , Paulo Marques Nunes 1 , Sónia Cotrim Marques 3 , Sérgio Miguel Leandro 1
when vitamin solution was added as a supplement which was 1.27 times greater than the control (without Endo-nutrient and vitamin supplementataion) (784 mL H2/L), indicating a significant enhancement of hydrogen production by vitamin solution. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2013.05.452
1
Marine Resources Research Group, School of Tourism and Maritime Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Campus 4, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal 2 Altakitin, S.A. (Europe), 3800-266 Aveiro, Portugal 3 CEF - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, PO Box 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal E-mail address: [email protected] (F.P. Avelelas). Two different chitosan polymers were obtained from chitin extracted from the crab Polybius henslowii through different methods: first, water-soluble chitosan (WSC) through N-acetylation with addition of acetic anhydride and second, low molecularweight water-soluble chitosan (LWSC) by the use of hydrogen peroxide. WSC and LWSC polymers were characterized by FTIR and GPC analysis and investigated for antibacterial activity against a range of Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli 1103, E. coli 10503, Salmonella sp.) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus planctarum). The results showed that antibacterial activity of LWSC was much stronger than WSC. Low molecular-weight chitosan samples were active against E. coli 1103, E. coli 10503, Salmonella, L. planctarum and B. subtilis with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 125 to 1000 g/ml. This study is a contribution to economic valorization of Polybius by-catch and sustainable development of west coast Portuguese fisheries communities. Financial support was obtained from European Fisheries Fund — Axis 4 managed by Fishery Local Action Group Oeste-Portugal. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2013.05.451 Influences of initial pH, nutrient and vitamin additions on biohydrogen production from enzymatic hydrolysate of cassava starch wastewater Parichat Wadjeam 1,2 , Alissara Reungsang 3,4 , Sahataya Thongsan 5
The bio-hydrogen production by anaerobic Gram negative bacilli, bacillus ureolyticus and nucleic acid bacilus from wastewater which contained olive oil, sunflower oil or corn oil Jingfei Luan 1 , Biaohang Chen 1 , Zhigang Zou 2 1 State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, China 2 Eco-Materials and Renewable Energy Research Center, Nanjing University, China E-mail address: jfl[email protected] (J. Luan).
The bio-hydrogen production by fermentation of anaerobic bacteria such as anaerobic Gram negative bacilli (AGNB), bacillus ureolyticus (BU) and nucleic acid bacilus (NAB) from wastewater which contained olive oil, sunflower oil or corn oil had been investigated in this paper. As to the wastewater which contained olive oil with AGNB, NAB or BU as anaerobic bacteria, the hydrogen production ratio was 5.08 mL g−1 (AGNB) h−1 , 5.61 mL g−1 (NAB) h−1 or 6.79 mL g−1 (BU) h−1 . As to the wastewater which contained corn oil with AGNB as anaerobic bacteria, the hydrogen production ratio was 2.92 mL g−1 (AGNB) h−1 . As to the wastewater which contained corn oil with NAB as anaerobic bacteria, the hydrogen production ratio was 3.37 mL g−1 (NAB) h−1 . As to the wastewater which contained corn oil with BU as anaerobic bacteria, the hydrogen production ratio was 4.22 mL g−1 (BU) h−1 . As to the wastewater which contained sunflower oil with BU, AGNB or NAB as anaerobic bacteria, the hydrogen production ratio was 4.98 mL g−1 (BU) h−1 , 4.04 mL g−1 (NAB) h−1 or 3.45 mL g−1 (AGNB) h−1 . Above results showed that the effect of bacillus ureolyticus was the best compared with the effect of anaerobic Gram negative bacilli or nucleic acid bacilus for hydrogen production from waste water which contained olive oil, corn oil or sunflower oil. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2013.05.453
1
Department of Biotechnology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 2 Fermentation Research Center for Value Added of Agricultural Products, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 3 Department of Biotechnology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 4 Research Group for Development of Microbial Hydrogen Production Process from Biomass, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 5 School of Renewable Energy Technology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand E-mail address: [email protected] (P. Wadjeam). Cassava wastewater was hydrolyzed by 7 mL/L ␣-amylase at 90◦ C for 90 min and 7 mL/L glucoamylase at 60◦ C for 90 min in order to obtain the enzymatic hydrolysate of cassava wastewater. Then, a bio-hydrogen production from the enzymatic hydrolysate of cassava starch wastewater by anaerobic mixed cultures was conducted in the batch experiments. The maximum hydrogen production of 878 mL H2/L was achieved at initial pH 6.0. Under the optimum pH, the effects of Endo-nutrient, vitamin solution (consisting of ascorbic acid, riboflavin, p-aminobenzoic acid, creatinine, citric acid monohydrate and glutamic acid), and combined of Endo nutrient and vitamin addition were conducted. Results showed that the maximum hydrogen production of 993 mL H2/L was obtained
Enzymatic hydrolysis of ozone pretreated sugarcane bagasse with cellulases of a new isolated thermophilic fungus Myceliophtora sp JCP 1-4 Josiani De Cassia Pereira 1 , Rodolfo Travaini 2 , Eleni Gomes 1 , Silvia Bolado 2 , Daniela Alonso Bocchini Martins 3 1 Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, IBILCE, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jd Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil 2 Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Doctor Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain 3 Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry Technology, IQ, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, Quitandinha, 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil E-mail address: [email protected] (J.D.C. Pereira).
Cellulases have potential for many biotechnological applications including saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass for second generation ethanol production. The enzymatic conversion of cellulose into glucose is hampered by lignin that hinders the access of cellulases to cellulose. Pre-treatments are proposed to increase the efficiency of the enzymatic hydrolysis. In this study, a ther-
Poster presentations / Current Opinion in Biotechnology 24S (2013) S48–S143
mophilic fungus recently isolated from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) silage piles, Myceliophtora sp JCP 1-4, was used for cellulases production by solid state fermentation using SCB and soy bran as substrates. The enzymatic hydrolysis of in natura and ozone pretreated SCB was performed with 3% of biomass and 10 FPU/g of cellulose, at pH 5.0, 50 ◦ C, 300 rpm, for 24 h. The ozonolysis was carried out in fixed bed reactor with 80% moisture, 3.44% ozone and 60 L/h flux for 75 min. The commercial enzymes NS50010 and NS50013 (Novozyme) were also used in order to compare the results. Using ozone pretreated bagasse, the fungal enzymes released 4.19 g/L of glucose and 1.041 g/L of xylose, whereas the commercial enzymes provided 4.12 g/L of glucose and 1.084 g/L of xylose. When in natura bagasse was used, the fungal enzymes released 1.40 g/L of the glucose and 0.50 g/L of xylose, whereas the commercial enzymes provided 0.95 g/L of the glucose and 0.13 g/L of xylose. These data indicate the potential of Myceliophtora sp JCP 1-4 cellulases to hydrolyze SCB and encourage further studies to optimize hydrolysis conditions, as well as to use the hydrolysates in alcoholic fermentation process to produce bioethanol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2013.05.454 Cellulolytic enzymes production by the newly isolated thermophilic filamentous fungus Myceliophthora sp DAMB 23-45 Franco Zavarizi 1 , Josiani De Cássia Pereira 2 , Rodolfo Travaini 3 , Silvia Rodríguez Bolado 3 , Daniela Alonso Bocchini Martins 1 1 Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry Technology, IQ, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, Quitandinha, 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil 2 Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, IBILCE, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jd Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil 3 Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Doctor Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain E-mail address: [email protected] (F. Zavarizi).
The search for sources of green energy has expanded the possibilities for microbial cellulases industrial applications and the use of low cost lignocellulosic residues as substrates for fungal growth and enzymes production is an alternative to reduce the process costs as a whole. In this study, different substrates were used to screen cellulolytic enzymes production by Myceliophthora sp DABM 23-45 by solid state fermentation, at 45◦ C. In a first trial were used: sugarcane bagasse and cottonseed meal (SB + CM) (1:1, w/w); sugarcane bagasse and wheat bran (SB + WB) (1:1, w/w); wheat bran and cottonseed meal (WB + CM) (1:1, w/w); wheat bran (WB); cottonseed meal (CM) or soybean meal (SM). The highest productions (U/g of dried substrate) of endoglucanase (216.27), glucosidase (51.86), avicelase (24.44) and FPase (0.46 FPU) where obtained on SC + CM, WB + CM, SM and SM, respectively. New trials were made using with sugarcane bagasse, wheat bran and soybean meal (SB + WB + SM) (1:1:1) and sugarcane bagasse, wheat bran and cottonseed meal (SB + WB + CM) (1:1:1) as substrates. These substrates combinations did not improve enzymes productions, but SB + WB + CM provided a satisfactory level of endoglucanase (179.00 U/g), -glucosidase (37.57 U/g), FPase (0.30 FPU) and avicelase (9.53 U/g) production. The best crops for endoglucanase, -glucosidase, avicelase and FPase were in BC + AP (216 U/g), FA + FT (51.87 U/g), FS (24.44 U/g) and FS (0.46 FPU), respectively. These results demonstrate the capacity of fungal isolate to produce cellulases. The enzymes will be biochemical and physicochemical
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characterized, and then they will be used for in natura and pretreated sugarcane bagasse saccharification. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2013.05.455 Optimization of the extraction methods for obtaining extracts with antimicrobial activity from Xanthium strumarium and Arctium lappa Steliana Rodino 1,2 , Marian Butu 1 , Valentina Tudor 2 , Marius Mihai Micu 2 , Elena Stoian 2 , Ioan Iulian Alecu 2 , Alina Butu 1 1
National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania 2 University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania E-mail address: alina [email protected] (A. Butu). Due to acquired resistance of plant and human pathogens to synthetic antimicrobial products existing on the market, to the remanence in the environment and to the increased need to provide consumers with organic products, the concern in developing a product based on antimicrobial natural active ingredients from plant material is constantly growing. In the present paper were studied plant species from spontaneous flora harvested from the southern regions of Romania. Selection of solvent and extraction method used was determined according to the nature of the substance of interest and the quality of the material considered. It was performed a qualitative and quantitative determination using instrumental methods, to characterize biologically active compounds (polyphenolic compounds — total phenols and flavonoids) from the two selected medicinal plants. The extract obtained from Xanthium strumarium showed the highest content of total phenols while the one from Arctium lappa had the highest content of total flavonoids calculated as rutin equivalent. Extraction is the essential first step in the analysis of using plants as antimicrobial agents as the exact desired chemical components should be extracted in order to use for further study. Acknowledgments: This work has been supported by the PNIIPCCA research contract 106/26.07.2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2013.05.456 Clay minerals and potassium regime of some soils from Romania Mihalache Mircea 1 , Ilie Dodocioiu 2
Leonard 1 , Marin
Doru 1 , Ana
Maria
1
Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania 2 Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture, University of Craiova, Romania E-mail address: [email protected] (M. Mircea). Application of agricultural technologies increased soil productivity in order to get higher harvests but once to harvest up considerable quantities of nutrients and so is the need for fertilizers. The research was analyzed two chernozem profiles, one for irrigation soil and other non-irrigated soil. The analysis was soluble potassium determined by Prat methods and Egner-Riehm-Domingo method and exchange and fixed potassium with Niederbudde method. Mineralogical composition was determined by X-ray diffraction and was defined the clay minerals crystalline by three indices (IA, IB and IC). Potassium concentration in soil solution is dependent of adsorption and desorption processes on the surface of soil minerals with charge deficient, especially on clay mineral surface
Poster presentations / Current Opinion in Biotechnology 24S (2013) S48–S143
Antibacterial activity of water-soluble chitosan produced from non-traditional marine resources Francisco Pires Avelelas 1 , André Cavadas Horta 1 , Luís Filipe Pinto 2 , Paulo Marques Nunes 1 , Sónia Cotrim Marques 3 , Sérgio Miguel Leandro 1
when vitamin solution was added as a supplement which was 1.27 times greater than the control (without Endo-nutrient and vitamin supplementataion) (784 mL H2/L), indicating a significant enhancement of hydrogen production by vitamin solution. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2013.05.452
1
Marine Resources Research Group, School of Tourism and Maritime Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Campus 4, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal 2 Altakitin, S.A. (Europe), 3800-266 Aveiro, Portugal 3 CEF - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, PO Box 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal E-mail address: [email protected] (F.P. Avelelas). Two different chitosan polymers were obtained from chitin extracted from the crab Polybius henslowii through different methods: first, water-soluble chitosan (WSC) through N-acetylation with addition of acetic anhydride and second, low molecularweight water-soluble chitosan (LWSC) by the use of hydrogen peroxide. WSC and LWSC polymers were characterized by FTIR and GPC analysis and investigated for antibacterial activity against a range of Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli 1103, E. coli 10503, Salmonella sp.) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus planctarum). The results showed that antibacterial activity of LWSC was much stronger than WSC. Low molecular-weight chitosan samples were active against E. coli 1103, E. coli 10503, Salmonella, L. planctarum and B. subtilis with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 125 to 1000 g/ml. This study is a contribution to economic valorization of Polybius by-catch and sustainable development of west coast Portuguese fisheries communities. Financial support was obtained from European Fisheries Fund — Axis 4 managed by Fishery Local Action Group Oeste-Portugal. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2013.05.451 Influences of initial pH, nutrient and vitamin additions on biohydrogen production from enzymatic hydrolysate of cassava starch wastewater Parichat Wadjeam 1,2 , Alissara Reungsang 3,4 , Sahataya Thongsan 5
The bio-hydrogen production by anaerobic Gram negative bacilli, bacillus ureolyticus and nucleic acid bacilus from wastewater which contained olive oil, sunflower oil or corn oil Jingfei Luan 1 , Biaohang Chen 1 , Zhigang Zou 2 1 State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, China 2 Eco-Materials and Renewable Energy Research Center, Nanjing University, China E-mail address: jfl[email protected] (J. Luan).
The bio-hydrogen production by fermentation of anaerobic bacteria such as anaerobic Gram negative bacilli (AGNB), bacillus ureolyticus (BU) and nucleic acid bacilus (NAB) from wastewater which contained olive oil, sunflower oil or corn oil had been investigated in this paper. As to the wastewater which contained olive oil with AGNB, NAB or BU as anaerobic bacteria, the hydrogen production ratio was 5.08 mL g−1 (AGNB) h−1 , 5.61 mL g−1 (NAB) h−1 or 6.79 mL g−1 (BU) h−1 . As to the wastewater which contained corn oil with AGNB as anaerobic bacteria, the hydrogen production ratio was 2.92 mL g−1 (AGNB) h−1 . As to the wastewater which contained corn oil with NAB as anaerobic bacteria, the hydrogen production ratio was 3.37 mL g−1 (NAB) h−1 . As to the wastewater which contained corn oil with BU as anaerobic bacteria, the hydrogen production ratio was 4.22 mL g−1 (BU) h−1 . As to the wastewater which contained sunflower oil with BU, AGNB or NAB as anaerobic bacteria, the hydrogen production ratio was 4.98 mL g−1 (BU) h−1 , 4.04 mL g−1 (NAB) h−1 or 3.45 mL g−1 (AGNB) h−1 . Above results showed that the effect of bacillus ureolyticus was the best compared with the effect of anaerobic Gram negative bacilli or nucleic acid bacilus for hydrogen production from waste water which contained olive oil, corn oil or sunflower oil. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2013.05.453
1
Department of Biotechnology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 2 Fermentation Research Center for Value Added of Agricultural Products, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 3 Department of Biotechnology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 4 Research Group for Development of Microbial Hydrogen Production Process from Biomass, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 5 School of Renewable Energy Technology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand E-mail address: [email protected] (P. Wadjeam). Cassava wastewater was hydrolyzed by 7 mL/L ␣-amylase at 90◦ C for 90 min and 7 mL/L glucoamylase at 60◦ C for 90 min in order to obtain the enzymatic hydrolysate of cassava wastewater. Then, a bio-hydrogen production from the enzymatic hydrolysate of cassava starch wastewater by anaerobic mixed cultures was conducted in the batch experiments. The maximum hydrogen production of 878 mL H2/L was achieved at initial pH 6.0. Under the optimum pH, the effects of Endo-nutrient, vitamin solution (consisting of ascorbic acid, riboflavin, p-aminobenzoic acid, creatinine, citric acid monohydrate and glutamic acid), and combined of Endo nutrient and vitamin addition were conducted. Results showed that the maximum hydrogen production of 993 mL H2/L was obtained
Enzymatic hydrolysis of ozone pretreated sugarcane bagasse with cellulases of a new isolated thermophilic fungus Myceliophtora sp JCP 1-4 Josiani De Cassia Pereira 1 , Rodolfo Travaini 2 , Eleni Gomes 1 , Silvia Bolado 2 , Daniela Alonso Bocchini Martins 3 1 Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, IBILCE, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jd Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil 2 Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Doctor Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain 3 Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry Technology, IQ, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, Quitandinha, 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil E-mail address: [email protected] (J.D.C. Pereira).
Cellulases have potential for many biotechnological applications including saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass for second generation ethanol production. The enzymatic conversion of cellulose into glucose is hampered by lignin that hinders the access of cellulases to cellulose. Pre-treatments are proposed to increase the efficiency of the enzymatic hydrolysis. In this study, a ther-
Poster presentations / Current Opinion in Biotechnology 24S (2013) S48–S143
mophilic fungus recently isolated from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) silage piles, Myceliophtora sp JCP 1-4, was used for cellulases production by solid state fermentation using SCB and soy bran as substrates. The enzymatic hydrolysis of in natura and ozone pretreated SCB was performed with 3% of biomass and 10 FPU/g of cellulose, at pH 5.0, 50 ◦ C, 300 rpm, for 24 h. The ozonolysis was carried out in fixed bed reactor with 80% moisture, 3.44% ozone and 60 L/h flux for 75 min. The commercial enzymes NS50010 and NS50013 (Novozyme) were also used in order to compare the results. Using ozone pretreated bagasse, the fungal enzymes released 4.19 g/L of glucose and 1.041 g/L of xylose, whereas the commercial enzymes provided 4.12 g/L of glucose and 1.084 g/L of xylose. When in natura bagasse was used, the fungal enzymes released 1.40 g/L of the glucose and 0.50 g/L of xylose, whereas the commercial enzymes provided 0.95 g/L of the glucose and 0.13 g/L of xylose. These data indicate the potential of Myceliophtora sp JCP 1-4 cellulases to hydrolyze SCB and encourage further studies to optimize hydrolysis conditions, as well as to use the hydrolysates in alcoholic fermentation process to produce bioethanol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2013.05.454 Cellulolytic enzymes production by the newly isolated thermophilic filamentous fungus Myceliophthora sp DAMB 23-45 Franco Zavarizi 1 , Josiani De Cássia Pereira 2 , Rodolfo Travaini 3 , Silvia Rodríguez Bolado 3 , Daniela Alonso Bocchini Martins 1 1 Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry Technology, IQ, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, Quitandinha, 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil 2 Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, IBILCE, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jd Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil 3 Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Doctor Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain E-mail address: [email protected] (F. Zavarizi).
The search for sources of green energy has expanded the possibilities for microbial cellulases industrial applications and the use of low cost lignocellulosic residues as substrates for fungal growth and enzymes production is an alternative to reduce the process costs as a whole. In this study, different substrates were used to screen cellulolytic enzymes production by Myceliophthora sp DABM 23-45 by solid state fermentation, at 45◦ C. In a first trial were used: sugarcane bagasse and cottonseed meal (SB + CM) (1:1, w/w); sugarcane bagasse and wheat bran (SB + WB) (1:1, w/w); wheat bran and cottonseed meal (WB + CM) (1:1, w/w); wheat bran (WB); cottonseed meal (CM) or soybean meal (SM). The highest productions (U/g of dried substrate) of endoglucanase (216.27), glucosidase (51.86), avicelase (24.44) and FPase (0.46 FPU) where obtained on SC + CM, WB + CM, SM and SM, respectively. New trials were made using with sugarcane bagasse, wheat bran and soybean meal (SB + WB + SM) (1:1:1) and sugarcane bagasse, wheat bran and cottonseed meal (SB + WB + CM) (1:1:1) as substrates. These substrates combinations did not improve enzymes productions, but SB + WB + CM provided a satisfactory level of endoglucanase (179.00 U/g), -glucosidase (37.57 U/g), FPase (0.30 FPU) and avicelase (9.53 U/g) production. The best crops for endoglucanase, -glucosidase, avicelase and FPase were in BC + AP (216 U/g), FA + FT (51.87 U/g), FS (24.44 U/g) and FS (0.46 FPU), respectively. These results demonstrate the capacity of fungal isolate to produce cellulases. The enzymes will be biochemical and physicochemical
S141
characterized, and then they will be used for in natura and pretreated sugarcane bagasse saccharification. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2013.05.455 Optimization of the extraction methods for obtaining extracts with antimicrobial activity from Xanthium strumarium and Arctium lappa Steliana Rodino 1,2 , Marian Butu 1 , Valentina Tudor 2 , Marius Mihai Micu 2 , Elena Stoian 2 , Ioan Iulian Alecu 2 , Alina Butu 1 1
National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania 2 University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania E-mail address: alina [email protected] (A. Butu). Due to acquired resistance of plant and human pathogens to synthetic antimicrobial products existing on the market, to the remanence in the environment and to the increased need to provide consumers with organic products, the concern in developing a product based on antimicrobial natural active ingredients from plant material is constantly growing. In the present paper were studied plant species from spontaneous flora harvested from the southern regions of Romania. Selection of solvent and extraction method used was determined according to the nature of the substance of interest and the quality of the material considered. It was performed a qualitative and quantitative determination using instrumental methods, to characterize biologically active compounds (polyphenolic compounds — total phenols and flavonoids) from the two selected medicinal plants. The extract obtained from Xanthium strumarium showed the highest content of total phenols while the one from Arctium lappa had the highest content of total flavonoids calculated as rutin equivalent. Extraction is the essential first step in the analysis of using plants as antimicrobial agents as the exact desired chemical components should be extracted in order to use for further study. Acknowledgments: This work has been supported by the PNIIPCCA research contract 106/26.07.2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2013.05.456 Clay minerals and potassium regime of some soils from Romania Mihalache Mircea 1 , Ilie Dodocioiu 2
Leonard 1 , Marin
Doru 1 , Ana
Maria
1
Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania 2 Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture, University of Craiova, Romania E-mail address: [email protected] (M. Mircea). Application of agricultural technologies increased soil productivity in order to get higher harvests but once to harvest up considerable quantities of nutrients and so is the need for fertilizers. The research was analyzed two chernozem profiles, one for irrigation soil and other non-irrigated soil. The analysis was soluble potassium determined by Prat methods and Egner-Riehm-Domingo method and exchange and fixed potassium with Niederbudde method. Mineralogical composition was determined by X-ray diffraction and was defined the clay minerals crystalline by three indices (IA, IB and IC). Potassium concentration in soil solution is dependent of adsorption and desorption processes on the surface of soil minerals with charge deficient, especially on clay mineral surface