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Epidemiology of laughing and crying
316
Abstracts
number of special issues related to the underlying brain disorder. New compounds are generally well tolerated and reasonably safe in patients with epilepsy. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, especially citalopram or sertraline, are considered first line agents in mood and anxiety disorders and new antipsychotics, especially olanzapine, quetiapine and risperidone, in inter-ictal psychoses. The potential for drug interactions is generally minimized although drug dosages need to be adjusted according to clinical response in patients taking inducers (e.g. carbamazepine, barbiturates or phenytoin). Long-term tolerability needs to be balanced with long-term side effects such as weight gain and sedation. Comprehensive treatment of people with epilepsy requires that psychiatric comorbidities are recognized and taken into account in the overall management. Continued clinical research is needed to obtain further knowledge about the optimal use of the expanding antiepileptic armamentarium and on how to tailor treatment to each individual patient according to clinical circumstances.
are not opposites. Indeed the circumstances and meanings of the two communicative gestures are very different. There then follows a brief summary of the underlying neurological disorders and some experimental research that examine differences between the possible cerebral and subcortical sites involved in the two states. This is followed by speculation as to why crying tears to emotional events is a unique human attribute. This relates to evolutionary, neuroanatomical and cultural factors.
doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.04.050
M. Trimble, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
Laughing and Crying Epidemiology of laughing and crying D.C. Hesdorffer, Clinical Epidemiology Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, USA
doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.04.053
Neuropsychiatric Effects of Neurostimulation Brain stimulation
The presentation will be concerned with the interesting observations of sudden switches to either manic-like or depressed behaviour with DBS. The data relate to patients treated for movement disorders, mainly dystonias and Parkinson's disease, and following subthalamic nucleus stimulation. This leads to an anatomical discussion as to the widespread nature of the representation of emotion in the human brain. The increased frequency of disorders of affect and of suicide in patients treated with DBS will also be presented.
This talk will explore the epidemiology of laughing and crying by addressing what makes people laugh or cry, the healing effects of laughter and tears, gender differences and the effects of simulated laughter and pretend tears.
doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.04.054
doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.04.051
Effect of VNS on mood
Dacrystic seizures: Do they have any localizing value?
R. Kuba, Brno Epilepsy Centre, First Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital, Czech Republic, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
A.M. Kanner, Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Medical College at Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA Dacrystic seizures are a rare type of epileptic seizures in patients with epilepsy. They are characterized by sudden crying devoid of any sadness or depressive quality and may present as simple partial or complex partial seizures. To date, 19 cases have been reported in the literature, as isolated case reports or in small case series. The epileptogenic zone has been identified in seizures of temporal and frontal lobe origin as well as in hypothalamic hamartomas; in which cases, gelastic seizures were also reported in the same patient. They have been reported in infants, children and adult patients. In this presentation, we review the principal characteristics of this rare type of seizures and present the case of a patient with reflex dacrystic seizures of left temporal lobe origin associated with an AVM and triggered by exposure of the picture of a saint. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.04.052
Laughing and crying
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a non-pharmacological treatment for epilepsy. Literature generated in recent years has shown that VNS is a safe, tolerable, and effective adjunctive therapy for patients with refractory epilepsy. It was approved by the FDA for the treatment of severe, recurrent depression in July of 2005. Vagus nerve stimulation seems to modulate the neural circuitry of depression by stimulating vagal afferent fibers in the neck, which carry impulses to the brain stem to target the locus ceruleus and dorsal raphe nucleus. In these brain stem structures, VNS modifies the firing rate of serotonine and noepinephrine neurons and thus influences the extracellular concentrations of these substances in various subcortical and cortical structures. Mood disorders are often associated with various neuroimaging changes. These include reduced metabolism and blood flow in the prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate and pathologically increased activity in the subgenual cingulate and amygdala. Some research showed that VNS in mood disorders may induce changes of perfusion and/or metabolism in these structures. This review of VNS in mood disorders will assess the efficacy and safety data that led to the FDA approval and the future perspectives of VNS in mood disorders and in epilepsy associated with mood changes.
M. Trimble, Institute of Neurology, London, UK In this presentation there will be an introduction to the main behavioural and social differences between laughing and crying. They
doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.04.055
Abstracts
number of special issues related to the underlying brain disorder. New compounds are generally well tolerated and reasonably safe in patients with epilepsy. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, especially citalopram or sertraline, are considered first line agents in mood and anxiety disorders and new antipsychotics, especially olanzapine, quetiapine and risperidone, in inter-ictal psychoses. The potential for drug interactions is generally minimized although drug dosages need to be adjusted according to clinical response in patients taking inducers (e.g. carbamazepine, barbiturates or phenytoin). Long-term tolerability needs to be balanced with long-term side effects such as weight gain and sedation. Comprehensive treatment of people with epilepsy requires that psychiatric comorbidities are recognized and taken into account in the overall management. Continued clinical research is needed to obtain further knowledge about the optimal use of the expanding antiepileptic armamentarium and on how to tailor treatment to each individual patient according to clinical circumstances.
are not opposites. Indeed the circumstances and meanings of the two communicative gestures are very different. There then follows a brief summary of the underlying neurological disorders and some experimental research that examine differences between the possible cerebral and subcortical sites involved in the two states. This is followed by speculation as to why crying tears to emotional events is a unique human attribute. This relates to evolutionary, neuroanatomical and cultural factors.
doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.04.050
M. Trimble, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
Laughing and Crying Epidemiology of laughing and crying D.C. Hesdorffer, Clinical Epidemiology Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, USA
doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.04.053
Neuropsychiatric Effects of Neurostimulation Brain stimulation
The presentation will be concerned with the interesting observations of sudden switches to either manic-like or depressed behaviour with DBS. The data relate to patients treated for movement disorders, mainly dystonias and Parkinson's disease, and following subthalamic nucleus stimulation. This leads to an anatomical discussion as to the widespread nature of the representation of emotion in the human brain. The increased frequency of disorders of affect and of suicide in patients treated with DBS will also be presented.
This talk will explore the epidemiology of laughing and crying by addressing what makes people laugh or cry, the healing effects of laughter and tears, gender differences and the effects of simulated laughter and pretend tears.
doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.04.054
doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.04.051
Effect of VNS on mood
Dacrystic seizures: Do they have any localizing value?
R. Kuba, Brno Epilepsy Centre, First Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital, Czech Republic, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
A.M. Kanner, Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Medical College at Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA Dacrystic seizures are a rare type of epileptic seizures in patients with epilepsy. They are characterized by sudden crying devoid of any sadness or depressive quality and may present as simple partial or complex partial seizures. To date, 19 cases have been reported in the literature, as isolated case reports or in small case series. The epileptogenic zone has been identified in seizures of temporal and frontal lobe origin as well as in hypothalamic hamartomas; in which cases, gelastic seizures were also reported in the same patient. They have been reported in infants, children and adult patients. In this presentation, we review the principal characteristics of this rare type of seizures and present the case of a patient with reflex dacrystic seizures of left temporal lobe origin associated with an AVM and triggered by exposure of the picture of a saint. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.04.052
Laughing and crying
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a non-pharmacological treatment for epilepsy. Literature generated in recent years has shown that VNS is a safe, tolerable, and effective adjunctive therapy for patients with refractory epilepsy. It was approved by the FDA for the treatment of severe, recurrent depression in July of 2005. Vagus nerve stimulation seems to modulate the neural circuitry of depression by stimulating vagal afferent fibers in the neck, which carry impulses to the brain stem to target the locus ceruleus and dorsal raphe nucleus. In these brain stem structures, VNS modifies the firing rate of serotonine and noepinephrine neurons and thus influences the extracellular concentrations of these substances in various subcortical and cortical structures. Mood disorders are often associated with various neuroimaging changes. These include reduced metabolism and blood flow in the prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate and pathologically increased activity in the subgenual cingulate and amygdala. Some research showed that VNS in mood disorders may induce changes of perfusion and/or metabolism in these structures. This review of VNS in mood disorders will assess the efficacy and safety data that led to the FDA approval and the future perspectives of VNS in mood disorders and in epilepsy associated with mood changes.
M. Trimble, Institute of Neurology, London, UK In this presentation there will be an introduction to the main behavioural and social differences between laughing and crying. They
doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.04.055