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Epizootic infection of a swiss swine herd with porcine cytomegalovirus
42
ESVP/ECVP Proceedings 2012
152:1, 2015
Oral Presentations
European Pathosurveillance Network PATHOSURVEILLANCE e PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE S. Scholes Department of Pathology, AHVLA Lasswade, Midlothian, Scotland Disease surveillance has been defined in many ways, all incorporating the following main elements: the ongoing collection, validation, analysis and interpretation of health and disease data that are needed to inform key stakeholders and allow them to take action by planning and implementing more effective, evidence-based policies and strategies relevant to the prevention and control of disease. The importance of pathology in new and emerging animal disease detection and characterization has been well recognized, for example BSE, WNV99, PCVAD and bovine neonatal pancytopenia. Pathosurveillance denotes the role of pathologists in scanning surveillance for new and emerging animal diseases, which involves generation and analysis of observational data, formulation of hypotheses on possible causation and devising approaches to test these. With the increasing emphasis on early threat detection there is a need to extend and promote this aspect of veterinary pathology. The European Pathosurveillance Network (EPSN) was established in 2009 to provide a communications network for veterinary pathologists working in farm animal diagnostic investigation. The aims of the EPSN are to promote early recognition of emerging diseases in Europe and support rapid knowledge transfer between pathologists, including updates on new and emerging/re-emerging diseases, sharing methodologies and best practices and collaboration on projects on new diseases or diseases of unknown aetiology. Future challenges include harmonization of nomenclature to improve data exchange and promoting the role of pathologists in disease surveillance. EPIZOOTIC INFECTION OF A SWISS SWINE HERD WITH PORCINE CYTOMEGALOVIRUS asle *, M. Engels y, H. Marti *, A. Stahel y, K. Hoffmann *, K. W€ T. Sydler *, E. B€ urgi z and M. Hilbe* *Institute of Veterinary Pathology, yVeterinary Virology and zDepartment of Farm Animals, University of Zurich, Switzerland Introduction: Porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV, suid herpesvirus-2) is a beta herpesvirus. Orr et al. (1988) reported a disease outbreak in a minimal disease swine herd experiencing high mortality and reproductive losses most likely caused by PCMV, although isolation of the virus was not possible. Materials and Methods: Within the course of 19 days (late October to early November 2013), necropsy examinations were performed on 21 pigs from one Swiss herd. These included 13 piglets aged 1 to 4 weeks (mean 2.2 weeks), one 18-week-old pig, one sow and, from a single litter, one stillbirth with five fetuses and one piglet. The general clinical history featured weakness in the piglets and poor growth. Several pigs showed lameness (n 5 4), respiratory signs (n 5 3) and fever (n 5 2). The pigs were evaluated by histopathology (n 5 21) and molecular tests for herpesvirus (n 5 9) and adenovirus (n 5 3). Results: Histologically, intranuclear inclusions were found in various organs of 18 pigs: spleen (n 5 8), nasal mucosa (n 5 7), liver (n 5 3), lung (n 5 1) and mammary gland (n 5 1). Morphologically, the inclusions in the nasal mucosa and the mammary gland were indicative for PCMV. In five piglets, there was indication of a systemic herpesvirus infection and secondary septicaemia with moderate purulent splenitis (n 5 5), hepatitis (n 5 4), mild mixed cellular meningoencephalitis (n 5 4) and mild interstitial pneumonia (n 5 2). By PCR, all examined pigs were positive for herpesvirus and negative for adenovirus. Sequencing of the amplified PCR product revealed cytomegalovirus. Conclusions: This case study reports an epizootic outbreak of cytomegalovirus in a swine herd in Switzerland.
INHERITED a-MANNOSIDOSIS IN CROSSBRED CALVES R. Rivero *, J.M. Verdes y, C. Matto *,y, L. Kelly y, F. Guerrero z and E.J. Gimenox *Direccion de Laboratorios Veterinarios DILAVE e MGAP, Paysandu, y University of the Republic, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay, zUniversity of Santiago de Compostela, USC, Lugo, Spain and xNational University of La Plata, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina Introduction: A wide variety of lysosomal storage diseases has been reported in man and domestic animals. In cattle the condition has been reported in the Aberdeen Angus, Murray grey and Galloway breeds. We describe an outbreak of inherited a-mannosidosis in inbred and crossbred calves. Materials and Methods: During the breeding period 2007e2008, in a herd of one Bradford/Limousin bull and 80 crossbred cows (mainly Hereford and Aberdeen Angus), 10 out of 20 daughter cows were bred by their father. Six of 10 calves developed severe neurological signs from 2e3 months of age, dying 2 months later. Clinical signs were ataxia, incoordination, standing difficulty, seizures, circling, anorexia and death. Necropsy examination was performed on two calves and no gross lesions were detected. Samples of CNS and spleen were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathology (HE stain) and lectin histochemistry (LHQ) with nine biotinylated lectins (Con-A, SBA, DBA, UEA-I, WGA, s-WGA, PNA, RCA-I and BS-I) and in glutaraldehyde 2.5% for ultrastructural observation. To determine the mutation (T961/C transition), 31 blood samples (from the bull and 30 cows) and hair samples from six calves with neurological signs were taken. Results: Multiple cytoplasmic vacuoles in different tissues were the main lesion; cytoplasmic vacuolation was particularly evident in neurons. The stored material reacted strongly with Con-A, WGA and sWGA. The ultrastructural examination showed lysosomal stored material characterized by heterogeneous electron-dense membranous bodies and empty vacuoles in the perikaryon of affected neurons and in axonal spheroids. Molecular analysis demonstrated the presence of the T961/C transition. Conclusions: We confirmed inherited a-mannosidosis in crossbred cattle. DETECTION OF POLYTREPONEMAL INFECTION IN THREE CASES OF PORCINE ULCERATIVE STOMATITIS BY FLUORESCENCE IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION a rtner x, T.K. Jensen *, G.T. Strijkstra y, E. Gruys z, W. Baumg€ K. Klitgaard * and M. Boye* *National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark, y Tier€arztliche Gemeinschaftspraxis BSB, Bersenbr€uck, Germany, zVeterinary Extension Services, Driebergen, Netherlands and xDepartment of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany Introduction: Ulcerative and fibrinonecrotizing stomatitis is reported occasionally in pigs. The aetiology is unknown, but spirochetes are observed in silver-stained sections; however, the spirochetes have never been identified. The aim of this study was to report three cases of fibrinonecrotizing stomatitis associated with polytreponemal infection. Materials and Methods: Tissue samples from the oral cavity of three sows humanely destroyed due to ulcerative stomatitis, ulcerative vaginitis and Mortellaro-like alterations of the feet were fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin wax and sectioned for HE staining and serial fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) for identification of spirochetes with genus- and species-specific oligonucleotide probes targeting 16S or 23S ribosomal RNA. The presence of Fusobacterium necrophorum and domain bacteria was additionally detected by FISH. Results: Diffuse fibrinonecrotizing infection affecting the epithelium and lamina propria of the entire oral cavity was found in all sows. By
ESVP/ECVP Proceedings 2012
152:1, 2015
Oral Presentations
European Pathosurveillance Network PATHOSURVEILLANCE e PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE S. Scholes Department of Pathology, AHVLA Lasswade, Midlothian, Scotland Disease surveillance has been defined in many ways, all incorporating the following main elements: the ongoing collection, validation, analysis and interpretation of health and disease data that are needed to inform key stakeholders and allow them to take action by planning and implementing more effective, evidence-based policies and strategies relevant to the prevention and control of disease. The importance of pathology in new and emerging animal disease detection and characterization has been well recognized, for example BSE, WNV99, PCVAD and bovine neonatal pancytopenia. Pathosurveillance denotes the role of pathologists in scanning surveillance for new and emerging animal diseases, which involves generation and analysis of observational data, formulation of hypotheses on possible causation and devising approaches to test these. With the increasing emphasis on early threat detection there is a need to extend and promote this aspect of veterinary pathology. The European Pathosurveillance Network (EPSN) was established in 2009 to provide a communications network for veterinary pathologists working in farm animal diagnostic investigation. The aims of the EPSN are to promote early recognition of emerging diseases in Europe and support rapid knowledge transfer between pathologists, including updates on new and emerging/re-emerging diseases, sharing methodologies and best practices and collaboration on projects on new diseases or diseases of unknown aetiology. Future challenges include harmonization of nomenclature to improve data exchange and promoting the role of pathologists in disease surveillance. EPIZOOTIC INFECTION OF A SWISS SWINE HERD WITH PORCINE CYTOMEGALOVIRUS asle *, M. Engels y, H. Marti *, A. Stahel y, K. Hoffmann *, K. W€ T. Sydler *, E. B€ urgi z and M. Hilbe* *Institute of Veterinary Pathology, yVeterinary Virology and zDepartment of Farm Animals, University of Zurich, Switzerland Introduction: Porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV, suid herpesvirus-2) is a beta herpesvirus. Orr et al. (1988) reported a disease outbreak in a minimal disease swine herd experiencing high mortality and reproductive losses most likely caused by PCMV, although isolation of the virus was not possible. Materials and Methods: Within the course of 19 days (late October to early November 2013), necropsy examinations were performed on 21 pigs from one Swiss herd. These included 13 piglets aged 1 to 4 weeks (mean 2.2 weeks), one 18-week-old pig, one sow and, from a single litter, one stillbirth with five fetuses and one piglet. The general clinical history featured weakness in the piglets and poor growth. Several pigs showed lameness (n 5 4), respiratory signs (n 5 3) and fever (n 5 2). The pigs were evaluated by histopathology (n 5 21) and molecular tests for herpesvirus (n 5 9) and adenovirus (n 5 3). Results: Histologically, intranuclear inclusions were found in various organs of 18 pigs: spleen (n 5 8), nasal mucosa (n 5 7), liver (n 5 3), lung (n 5 1) and mammary gland (n 5 1). Morphologically, the inclusions in the nasal mucosa and the mammary gland were indicative for PCMV. In five piglets, there was indication of a systemic herpesvirus infection and secondary septicaemia with moderate purulent splenitis (n 5 5), hepatitis (n 5 4), mild mixed cellular meningoencephalitis (n 5 4) and mild interstitial pneumonia (n 5 2). By PCR, all examined pigs were positive for herpesvirus and negative for adenovirus. Sequencing of the amplified PCR product revealed cytomegalovirus. Conclusions: This case study reports an epizootic outbreak of cytomegalovirus in a swine herd in Switzerland.
INHERITED a-MANNOSIDOSIS IN CROSSBRED CALVES R. Rivero *, J.M. Verdes y, C. Matto *,y, L. Kelly y, F. Guerrero z and E.J. Gimenox *Direccion de Laboratorios Veterinarios DILAVE e MGAP, Paysandu, y University of the Republic, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay, zUniversity of Santiago de Compostela, USC, Lugo, Spain and xNational University of La Plata, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina Introduction: A wide variety of lysosomal storage diseases has been reported in man and domestic animals. In cattle the condition has been reported in the Aberdeen Angus, Murray grey and Galloway breeds. We describe an outbreak of inherited a-mannosidosis in inbred and crossbred calves. Materials and Methods: During the breeding period 2007e2008, in a herd of one Bradford/Limousin bull and 80 crossbred cows (mainly Hereford and Aberdeen Angus), 10 out of 20 daughter cows were bred by their father. Six of 10 calves developed severe neurological signs from 2e3 months of age, dying 2 months later. Clinical signs were ataxia, incoordination, standing difficulty, seizures, circling, anorexia and death. Necropsy examination was performed on two calves and no gross lesions were detected. Samples of CNS and spleen were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathology (HE stain) and lectin histochemistry (LHQ) with nine biotinylated lectins (Con-A, SBA, DBA, UEA-I, WGA, s-WGA, PNA, RCA-I and BS-I) and in glutaraldehyde 2.5% for ultrastructural observation. To determine the mutation (T961/C transition), 31 blood samples (from the bull and 30 cows) and hair samples from six calves with neurological signs were taken. Results: Multiple cytoplasmic vacuoles in different tissues were the main lesion; cytoplasmic vacuolation was particularly evident in neurons. The stored material reacted strongly with Con-A, WGA and sWGA. The ultrastructural examination showed lysosomal stored material characterized by heterogeneous electron-dense membranous bodies and empty vacuoles in the perikaryon of affected neurons and in axonal spheroids. Molecular analysis demonstrated the presence of the T961/C transition. Conclusions: We confirmed inherited a-mannosidosis in crossbred cattle. DETECTION OF POLYTREPONEMAL INFECTION IN THREE CASES OF PORCINE ULCERATIVE STOMATITIS BY FLUORESCENCE IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION a rtner x, T.K. Jensen *, G.T. Strijkstra y, E. Gruys z, W. Baumg€ K. Klitgaard * and M. Boye* *National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark, y Tier€arztliche Gemeinschaftspraxis BSB, Bersenbr€uck, Germany, zVeterinary Extension Services, Driebergen, Netherlands and xDepartment of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany Introduction: Ulcerative and fibrinonecrotizing stomatitis is reported occasionally in pigs. The aetiology is unknown, but spirochetes are observed in silver-stained sections; however, the spirochetes have never been identified. The aim of this study was to report three cases of fibrinonecrotizing stomatitis associated with polytreponemal infection. Materials and Methods: Tissue samples from the oral cavity of three sows humanely destroyed due to ulcerative stomatitis, ulcerative vaginitis and Mortellaro-like alterations of the feet were fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin wax and sectioned for HE staining and serial fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) for identification of spirochetes with genus- and species-specific oligonucleotide probes targeting 16S or 23S ribosomal RNA. The presence of Fusobacterium necrophorum and domain bacteria was additionally detected by FISH. Results: Diffuse fibrinonecrotizing infection affecting the epithelium and lamina propria of the entire oral cavity was found in all sows. By