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Ergonomics
660
HUMAN
RESPONSE
TO VIBRATION
contours for translational and rotational seat vibration and translational foot and back vibration may be defined by contours on acceleration frequency graphs having a slope of 0 dB per octave (constant acceleration) and 6 dB per octave (constant velocity). For most conditions these contours fall within the 25th-75th percentile of the experimental data. The application of these contours as frequency weightings for general vibration evaluations is discussed. Topics: Subjective Assessment (Paired Comparison, etc.); Complex Vibration (General); Non-vertical Vibration (x, y, Roll, Pitch, Yaw); Limb Vibration ; Standardization.
D. J. Oborne and P. A. Boarer 1982 Ergonomics 25, 759-769. Variability in human response to whole-body vibration. The effects of instructions. (11 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, 12 references) Authors’ Abstract. Two studies are described in this paper with the aim of assessing the degree to which the instructions given to a subject during an experiment designed to investigate human reaction to vibration, affect the vibration equal sensation contour which is produced. In the first study, 100 subjects produced equal sensation contours by equating pairs of vibration stimuli. After each pair, subjects were required to record the basis on which they had made their judgments. The results demonstrated that subjects differ in the concepts which they use to equate vibration stimuli, although the majority equate in terms of the degree to which parts of the body are shaken. In the second study, 48 subjects were required to produce equal sensation contours using the terms of either “comfort” or “discomfort” or “body shake” or “sensation”. The overall contour shape produced by the four instruction groups were not significantly different, although the frequency ranges of maximum vibration sensitivity were shown to be significantly different. Implications of these findings are discussed. Topics: Subjective Assessment (General); Body Posture (Standing). A. Graybiel, D. B. Cramer and C. D. Wood 1981 Aviation, Space and Environmental 52, 337-339. Experimental motion sickness: efficacy of transdermal scopolamine plus ephedrine. (3 pages, 1 table, 5 references) Authors’ Abstract. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study compared the efficacy of transdermal therapeutic system-scopolamine administered alone and combined with ephedrine sulfate given orally in doses of 12.5,25, and 50 mg. Eight normal male students were exposed to stressful acceleration in a slow-rotation room after receiving 10 apparently identical treatments comprising the four drugs and six placebos. Efficacy of the drug was defined in terms of the placebo range and categorized as beneficial, inconsequential, or detrimental. None of the effects was detrimental. Overall beneficial effects were 60% for transdermal therapeutic system-scopolamine (plus placebo) and 57% for the three transdermal therapeutic system-scopolamine plus ephedrine combinations. Topics: Motion Sickness (Drugs).
Medicine
W. B. Toscano and P. S. Cowings 1982 Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 53, 449-453. Reducing motion sickness: a comparison of autogenic-feedback training and an alternative cognitive task. (5 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables, 11 references) Authors’ Abstract. Eighteen men were randomly assigned to three groups matched for susceptibility to Coriolis motion sickness. All subjects were given six Coriolis Sickness Susceptibility Index (CSSI) tests separated by five day intervals. Treatment Group I subjects were taught to control their own autonomic responses before the third, fourth and fifth CSSI tests (6 hours total training). Group II subjects were given “sham” training
HUMAN
RESPONSE
TO VIBRATION
contours for translational and rotational seat vibration and translational foot and back vibration may be defined by contours on acceleration frequency graphs having a slope of 0 dB per octave (constant acceleration) and 6 dB per octave (constant velocity). For most conditions these contours fall within the 25th-75th percentile of the experimental data. The application of these contours as frequency weightings for general vibration evaluations is discussed. Topics: Subjective Assessment (Paired Comparison, etc.); Complex Vibration (General); Non-vertical Vibration (x, y, Roll, Pitch, Yaw); Limb Vibration ; Standardization.
D. J. Oborne and P. A. Boarer 1982 Ergonomics 25, 759-769. Variability in human response to whole-body vibration. The effects of instructions. (11 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, 12 references) Authors’ Abstract. Two studies are described in this paper with the aim of assessing the degree to which the instructions given to a subject during an experiment designed to investigate human reaction to vibration, affect the vibration equal sensation contour which is produced. In the first study, 100 subjects produced equal sensation contours by equating pairs of vibration stimuli. After each pair, subjects were required to record the basis on which they had made their judgments. The results demonstrated that subjects differ in the concepts which they use to equate vibration stimuli, although the majority equate in terms of the degree to which parts of the body are shaken. In the second study, 48 subjects were required to produce equal sensation contours using the terms of either “comfort” or “discomfort” or “body shake” or “sensation”. The overall contour shape produced by the four instruction groups were not significantly different, although the frequency ranges of maximum vibration sensitivity were shown to be significantly different. Implications of these findings are discussed. Topics: Subjective Assessment (General); Body Posture (Standing). A. Graybiel, D. B. Cramer and C. D. Wood 1981 Aviation, Space and Environmental 52, 337-339. Experimental motion sickness: efficacy of transdermal scopolamine plus ephedrine. (3 pages, 1 table, 5 references) Authors’ Abstract. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study compared the efficacy of transdermal therapeutic system-scopolamine administered alone and combined with ephedrine sulfate given orally in doses of 12.5,25, and 50 mg. Eight normal male students were exposed to stressful acceleration in a slow-rotation room after receiving 10 apparently identical treatments comprising the four drugs and six placebos. Efficacy of the drug was defined in terms of the placebo range and categorized as beneficial, inconsequential, or detrimental. None of the effects was detrimental. Overall beneficial effects were 60% for transdermal therapeutic system-scopolamine (plus placebo) and 57% for the three transdermal therapeutic system-scopolamine plus ephedrine combinations. Topics: Motion Sickness (Drugs).
Medicine
W. B. Toscano and P. S. Cowings 1982 Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 53, 449-453. Reducing motion sickness: a comparison of autogenic-feedback training and an alternative cognitive task. (5 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables, 11 references) Authors’ Abstract. Eighteen men were randomly assigned to three groups matched for susceptibility to Coriolis motion sickness. All subjects were given six Coriolis Sickness Susceptibility Index (CSSI) tests separated by five day intervals. Treatment Group I subjects were taught to control their own autonomic responses before the third, fourth and fifth CSSI tests (6 hours total training). Group II subjects were given “sham” training