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Estimating and simulating the degree of serpentinization of peridotites using hyperspectral remotely sensed imagery
76A
SITE INVESTIGATIONS:MAPPING
of up-to-date information for supporting field operations, geologic mapping and planning of oil and gas exploration. A case study is provided concerning the western flank (Sumapaz) and eastern flank (Rio Blanco) of the Eastern Cordillera, south of Santafe de Bogota, Columbia. Landsat TM data was used to check and update a CAD basemap; SAR imagery provided information on geologic structure and lithology of the study area; SPOT data supplied a cartographic base of roads, land use and forest conditions and aerial photography was used to determine dips, resolve questions about geology and to construct a 1:50 000 topograph map. A new, final geologic map was generated which proved to be more useful and accurate than earlier maps for supporting field operations. (after Authors) 962224
Estimating and simulating the degree of serpentinization of peridotites using hyperspectral remotely sensed imagery F. Van der Meer, Nonrenewable Resources, 4(1), 1995, pp 8498. Of economic importance, Alpine-type peridotites are the host rocks for virtually all large asbestos deposits, these may be attributed mainly to the serpentine-group mineral chrysotile. A methodology is used for mapping serpentine minerals in ultrabasic rocks from imaging spectrometer data, which includes: 1) vegetation masking, 2) calculating the absorption band depth of the 2.3-gm absorption feature in unmasked pixels, 3) translating this value into percent serpentine minerals using an empirical linear model, and 4) estimating the degree of serpentinization at the remaining locations using conditional simulation techniques or ordinary block kriging. (from Author) 962225
A survey of natural aggregate properties and characteristics important in remote sensing and airborne geophysics D. H. Knepper Jr, W. H. Langer & S. Miller, Nonrenewable Resources, 4(1), 1995, pp 99-120. The application of remote sensing and airborne geophysical measurements to detecting and mapping potential aggregate sources is based on intrinsic bulk physical properties and extrinsic characteristics of the deposits that can be directly measured, mathematically derived from measurements, or interpreted with remote sensing and geophysical data. (from Authors) 962226
Satellite imagery evaluates Ecuador hydrocarbon potential S. Scantland & R. Barton, Earth Observation Magazine, 4(2), 1995, pp 31-32. The oil and gas industry use satellite imagery to assist in the identification of promising exploration areas. This article provides an overview of the use of satellite imagery (ERS-I radar and Landsat TM) to map and analyse a part of the Andean frontal fold belt of Ecuador to aid in selection of exploration drilling areas. The processes of creating surface geologic maps are outlined and the utility of satellite for rapidly constructing maps which portray surface geology and structure is emphasised. (after Author) 962227 Imaging the sea floor J. S. Schlee, H. A. Karl & M. E. Torresan, US Geological Survey Bulletin, 2079, 1995, 24 pp. Between the First and Second World Wars, acoustic methods (sonar) were developed to provide depth soundings of the sea floor. However, only in the last three decades have technologies evolved that permit scientists to survey large areas of the deep sea floor efficiently and to produce accurate maps and images that are analogous to topographic maps and aerial photographs of the sea floor. Examples of these latest technological advances are discussed in non-technical terms and focus on two specific mapping and imaging systems - the Sea Beam bathymetric mapping system and the GLORA sidescan-sonar imaging system. Examples of the data col-
lected by these systems are shown for various deep-sea areas off the US. (from authors) 962228
The application of thermal infrared thermography in the identification of submerged springs in Chicknmauga Reservoir, Hamilton County, Tennessee F. R. Bogle & K. Loy, in: Karst geohazard.v: engineering and environmental problems in karat terrane. Proc. 5th conference, Gatlinburg 1995, ed B.F. Beck, (Balkema), 1995, pp 415-424. It was hypothesized that if an aerial TIR survey was conducted during late winter when water temperatures in the reservoir were at a minimum, the warmer spring water entering the reservoir would rise and appear as 'hot-spots' on the thermal images. The TIR survey was used to locate 15 submerged springs, most of which were confirmed by use of dye tracing techniques to discharge groundwater originating at the facility. TIR surveys can be an important tool in a karst investigation and should be considered in areas where submerged springs are suspected. (Authors) 962229
Near real-time monitoring of seismic events and status of portable digital recorders using satellite telemetry R. J. Mueller, Mcei-you Lee, M. J. S. Johnston, R. D. Borcherdt, G. Glassmoyer & S. Silverman, Bulletin Seismological Society of America, 85(2), 1995, pp 640-645. Near real-time monitoring of seismic events and status of portable 16-bit digital recorders has been established for arrays near Parkfield, Mammoth Lakes, and San Francisco, California. This monitoring system provides near real-time seismic event identification (rough location and magnitude) and a cost-effective means to maintain arrays at near 100% operational level. Principal objectives in the design of this system have been portability and low-cust telemetry. The system has been developed to use portable digital seismic recorders (GEOS - General Earthquake Observation System) and portable data collection platforms (DCP's) for the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) telemetry system. (from Authors) 962230
Evaluation of the homogeneity of stab'llised/solidified wastes by a video imaging technique Yi-Min Gao, Mei Liu, J. M. Grow & D. E. Knox, Waste Management & Research, 13(4), 1995, pp 335-342. A video imaging technique is described for the homogeneity assessment of wastes that have been treated by stabilisation/ solidification (S/S). The method incorporates a fluorescent tracer into the S/S reagent. A test 'waste' consisting of an artificial soil was stablised/solidified with varying degrees of mixing using Portland cement as the S/S reagent. The tracer distribution was monitored with a video camera, and the cement distribution was determined by chemical analysis for calcium. (from Authors)
Structural and geotechnical mapping 962231
Mapping karst solution features by the integrated geophysical method R. Rodriguez, in: Karat geohazards: engineering and environmental problems in karst terrane. Proc. 5th conference, Gatlinburg 1995, ed B.F. Beck, (Balkema), 1995, pp 443-449. The Integrated Geophysical Method (IGM) designed to map buried underground karst features is based on the combination of the theoretical and logistical application of three geophysical methods to optimize data quality/quantity acquisition and yet to be cost effective. High density data sampling at cost effective prices requires a systematic procedure of application of the IGM. This is accomplished by optimizing the cost effectiveness and mapping effectiveness of each of the
SITE INVESTIGATIONS:MAPPING
of up-to-date information for supporting field operations, geologic mapping and planning of oil and gas exploration. A case study is provided concerning the western flank (Sumapaz) and eastern flank (Rio Blanco) of the Eastern Cordillera, south of Santafe de Bogota, Columbia. Landsat TM data was used to check and update a CAD basemap; SAR imagery provided information on geologic structure and lithology of the study area; SPOT data supplied a cartographic base of roads, land use and forest conditions and aerial photography was used to determine dips, resolve questions about geology and to construct a 1:50 000 topograph map. A new, final geologic map was generated which proved to be more useful and accurate than earlier maps for supporting field operations. (after Authors) 962224
Estimating and simulating the degree of serpentinization of peridotites using hyperspectral remotely sensed imagery F. Van der Meer, Nonrenewable Resources, 4(1), 1995, pp 8498. Of economic importance, Alpine-type peridotites are the host rocks for virtually all large asbestos deposits, these may be attributed mainly to the serpentine-group mineral chrysotile. A methodology is used for mapping serpentine minerals in ultrabasic rocks from imaging spectrometer data, which includes: 1) vegetation masking, 2) calculating the absorption band depth of the 2.3-gm absorption feature in unmasked pixels, 3) translating this value into percent serpentine minerals using an empirical linear model, and 4) estimating the degree of serpentinization at the remaining locations using conditional simulation techniques or ordinary block kriging. (from Author) 962225
A survey of natural aggregate properties and characteristics important in remote sensing and airborne geophysics D. H. Knepper Jr, W. H. Langer & S. Miller, Nonrenewable Resources, 4(1), 1995, pp 99-120. The application of remote sensing and airborne geophysical measurements to detecting and mapping potential aggregate sources is based on intrinsic bulk physical properties and extrinsic characteristics of the deposits that can be directly measured, mathematically derived from measurements, or interpreted with remote sensing and geophysical data. (from Authors) 962226
Satellite imagery evaluates Ecuador hydrocarbon potential S. Scantland & R. Barton, Earth Observation Magazine, 4(2), 1995, pp 31-32. The oil and gas industry use satellite imagery to assist in the identification of promising exploration areas. This article provides an overview of the use of satellite imagery (ERS-I radar and Landsat TM) to map and analyse a part of the Andean frontal fold belt of Ecuador to aid in selection of exploration drilling areas. The processes of creating surface geologic maps are outlined and the utility of satellite for rapidly constructing maps which portray surface geology and structure is emphasised. (after Author) 962227 Imaging the sea floor J. S. Schlee, H. A. Karl & M. E. Torresan, US Geological Survey Bulletin, 2079, 1995, 24 pp. Between the First and Second World Wars, acoustic methods (sonar) were developed to provide depth soundings of the sea floor. However, only in the last three decades have technologies evolved that permit scientists to survey large areas of the deep sea floor efficiently and to produce accurate maps and images that are analogous to topographic maps and aerial photographs of the sea floor. Examples of these latest technological advances are discussed in non-technical terms and focus on two specific mapping and imaging systems - the Sea Beam bathymetric mapping system and the GLORA sidescan-sonar imaging system. Examples of the data col-
lected by these systems are shown for various deep-sea areas off the US. (from authors) 962228
The application of thermal infrared thermography in the identification of submerged springs in Chicknmauga Reservoir, Hamilton County, Tennessee F. R. Bogle & K. Loy, in: Karst geohazard.v: engineering and environmental problems in karat terrane. Proc. 5th conference, Gatlinburg 1995, ed B.F. Beck, (Balkema), 1995, pp 415-424. It was hypothesized that if an aerial TIR survey was conducted during late winter when water temperatures in the reservoir were at a minimum, the warmer spring water entering the reservoir would rise and appear as 'hot-spots' on the thermal images. The TIR survey was used to locate 15 submerged springs, most of which were confirmed by use of dye tracing techniques to discharge groundwater originating at the facility. TIR surveys can be an important tool in a karst investigation and should be considered in areas where submerged springs are suspected. (Authors) 962229
Near real-time monitoring of seismic events and status of portable digital recorders using satellite telemetry R. J. Mueller, Mcei-you Lee, M. J. S. Johnston, R. D. Borcherdt, G. Glassmoyer & S. Silverman, Bulletin Seismological Society of America, 85(2), 1995, pp 640-645. Near real-time monitoring of seismic events and status of portable 16-bit digital recorders has been established for arrays near Parkfield, Mammoth Lakes, and San Francisco, California. This monitoring system provides near real-time seismic event identification (rough location and magnitude) and a cost-effective means to maintain arrays at near 100% operational level. Principal objectives in the design of this system have been portability and low-cust telemetry. The system has been developed to use portable digital seismic recorders (GEOS - General Earthquake Observation System) and portable data collection platforms (DCP's) for the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) telemetry system. (from Authors) 962230
Evaluation of the homogeneity of stab'llised/solidified wastes by a video imaging technique Yi-Min Gao, Mei Liu, J. M. Grow & D. E. Knox, Waste Management & Research, 13(4), 1995, pp 335-342. A video imaging technique is described for the homogeneity assessment of wastes that have been treated by stabilisation/ solidification (S/S). The method incorporates a fluorescent tracer into the S/S reagent. A test 'waste' consisting of an artificial soil was stablised/solidified with varying degrees of mixing using Portland cement as the S/S reagent. The tracer distribution was monitored with a video camera, and the cement distribution was determined by chemical analysis for calcium. (from Authors)
Structural and geotechnical mapping 962231
Mapping karst solution features by the integrated geophysical method R. Rodriguez, in: Karat geohazards: engineering and environmental problems in karst terrane. Proc. 5th conference, Gatlinburg 1995, ed B.F. Beck, (Balkema), 1995, pp 443-449. The Integrated Geophysical Method (IGM) designed to map buried underground karst features is based on the combination of the theoretical and logistical application of three geophysical methods to optimize data quality/quantity acquisition and yet to be cost effective. High density data sampling at cost effective prices requires a systematic procedure of application of the IGM. This is accomplished by optimizing the cost effectiveness and mapping effectiveness of each of the