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ETHYL BROMIDE.
900
recognised to be necessary by the few would inflict no hardship, but would even promote the cowkeepers’ interests; for the loss of milk which occurs owing to the reduction in the quantity of supply when a cow suffers from eruptive disease is itself sufficiently important to make it desirable that every care should be taken to maintain the stock in good health. ___
ETHYL BROMIDE. ETHYL BROMIDE, to which we made reference last week in reference to its properties as a general anaesthetic, must not be accepted as a new addition to anaesthetics. It was experimented upon by the late Mr. T. Nunneley of Leeds in 1849, and was employed by him on the human subject several times for different operations, and with complete In 1850, M. Robin followed Mr. Nunneley in the success. use of it; and twenty years later (in 1870) Dr. B. W. Richardson made a further research with it, and administered it many times in tooth extraction and other minor operations. In his Synopsis of Anaesthetics (Asclepiad, 1885, pp. 264-5) the last-named investigator says of ethyl bromide that Mr. Nunneley considered it to be one of the best of anaesthetics, in which view he concurred. The fluid is described as yielding an ethereal vapour slightly pungent and rather irritating to inhale, the quantity required for complete anaesthesia being from one to six fluid drachms. The action is rapid and effective, with scarcely any second or spasmodic stage, and recovery from deep narcotism induced by it is usually complete in from four to five minutes without any bad effects. During deep narcotism the animal temperature falls 2’F. No accident has occurred from the administration of ethyl bromide, and when death has been induced by it, experimentally, in the lower animals, the respiration and the circulation have failed together. The objections to the use of ethyl bromide are its cost, which is considerable, its rapid loss by evaporation, for it boils at 106° F., and its instability as a chemical compound. These objections, recognised by the first investigators of it, have prevented ethyl bromide becoming the rival of the better known and more stable anaesthetic fluids.
and concluded one of those graceful little discourses in which the modern Italian perpetuates the traditions of his The tablet on being unveiled preclassic forefathers. sented the following inscription :ALESSANDRO VOLTA in questa modesta e diletta sua cra, tentb e compi il miracolo della Pila, rinnovatrice di scienze e industi-ie onde i terrieri stupiti e grati insieme del tubero americano da lui qui recato pel primo Mago benefico lo appellarono.
Municipio e popolo riconoscenti e orgogliosi posero questa lapide il di 22
aprile
1889.
(Alessandro Volta in this his modest and beloved house tested and completed the marvel of the Pile, the renovatress of science and industry, whence the country folk in their astonishment, and also in their gratitude for the American tuber he was the first to bring to these parts, called him the beneficent magician. The municipality and people, in recognition and in pride, erected this stone on the 22nd April, 1889.) Then followed the speech of the occasion -a scientific estimate of Volta’s place in the annals of discovery and invention, particularly in the spheres of meteorology and electro-therapeutics, by Professor Tito Vignoli, in the course of which he gave some charming illustrations of the simplicity and kindliness of the philosopher’s character-traits which he never lost even after a profusion of distinctions and honours before which less masculine and pure natures have been known to succumb. After Vignoli’s oration, which it is understood will be published, the company were entertained by the Cavaliere Maggi at a banquet, where once more the amiable features of Volta were illustrated by anecdotes of the benevolent deeds in which he seemed to find congenial relaxation from .the alternate disappointments and triumphs of the experimental laboratory. -
FISH-SUPPLY.
THE value for the purposes of food of the fish taken upon our coasts has scarcely, we think, been fully recognised; and certainly the possibility of improving the supply, and the public benefit which would result from a successful THE VOLTA COMMEMORATION. effort in that direction, are matters which stand greatly in LAZZATE, a village on the cunfines of the provinces of need of consideration. The very imperfect system upon Milan and Como, is memorable for at least one thing-for which, as matters stand at present, fish are captured and containing the cottage where Alessandro Volta for many I brought to market stands sadly in need of reform. No years spent the summer and autumn months in prosecuting doubt there are great difficulties besetting the industry. those studies which culminated in the invention of the pile. The fish must be taken when the opportunity offers, and In that modest tenement may still be seen the laboratory, very generally it will happen that the number taken will the kitchen, the fireplace, with the seat beside it where he then be greatly in excess of immediate requirements. This would beguile his hours of recreation in unfolding to the capricious fluctuation of the supply, and the very perishable nature of the article itself, make the work of distribumore intelligent of his neighbours the experiments he was of and results to out tion very difficult. But it is only too certain that the the he bring hoped engaged upon, them. Survivors in Lazzate, who can recall the incidents purveyors are very far indeed from making the best of the of " sixty years since,"remember the philosopher’s going by circumstances in which they find themselves. For instance, the name of the " mago benefico"(the beneficent magician), the kind of treatment which Mr. Hamilton, in a letter an epithet appropriate not only for his brilliant discoveries which he submits to us, describes in the case of in physics, but for the impulse he gave to the culture of the "live cod-fish" is not less wasteful than inhuman, and potato, which he was the first to introduce into Lombardy. affords a strong argument in favour of that technical The local syndic, the Cavaliere Ambrogio Maggi, and the instruction for fish catchers and fish curers which he parish priest, the Rev. Don Elia Bonanomi, interpreting the advocates. But, difficult as is the task of educating the wishes of the community, have secured the cottage as public "trade"into a just appreciation of the advantages of what property, to be preserved in honour of its great tenant, and is undoubtedly the best course in a mercantile as well as a on April 22nd inserted a tablet in its facade to commemorate hygienic sense, the task of bringing the English housewife the scientific work of which it was the scene. The whole to a sense of the economic value of fish refuse strikes us as countryside was in festa for the occasion, and not a house, being more formidable still. There is clearly substance in however humble, failed to adorn itself with flowers or what our correspondent says upon this head, but we are not drapery in homage to the physicist who had brought sub- at all sanguine that the requisite impression can be made stantial benefits as well as fame to the locality. A dis- upon the domestic authorities, or that, if made, the means as he could be at present found for giving effect to the household tinguished company supported the Cavaliere addressed a vast audience on the significance of the ceremony, economies of which he speaks. But, on the other hand,
Maggi
recognised to be necessary by the few would inflict no hardship, but would even promote the cowkeepers’ interests; for the loss of milk which occurs owing to the reduction in the quantity of supply when a cow suffers from eruptive disease is itself sufficiently important to make it desirable that every care should be taken to maintain the stock in good health. ___
ETHYL BROMIDE. ETHYL BROMIDE, to which we made reference last week in reference to its properties as a general anaesthetic, must not be accepted as a new addition to anaesthetics. It was experimented upon by the late Mr. T. Nunneley of Leeds in 1849, and was employed by him on the human subject several times for different operations, and with complete In 1850, M. Robin followed Mr. Nunneley in the success. use of it; and twenty years later (in 1870) Dr. B. W. Richardson made a further research with it, and administered it many times in tooth extraction and other minor operations. In his Synopsis of Anaesthetics (Asclepiad, 1885, pp. 264-5) the last-named investigator says of ethyl bromide that Mr. Nunneley considered it to be one of the best of anaesthetics, in which view he concurred. The fluid is described as yielding an ethereal vapour slightly pungent and rather irritating to inhale, the quantity required for complete anaesthesia being from one to six fluid drachms. The action is rapid and effective, with scarcely any second or spasmodic stage, and recovery from deep narcotism induced by it is usually complete in from four to five minutes without any bad effects. During deep narcotism the animal temperature falls 2’F. No accident has occurred from the administration of ethyl bromide, and when death has been induced by it, experimentally, in the lower animals, the respiration and the circulation have failed together. The objections to the use of ethyl bromide are its cost, which is considerable, its rapid loss by evaporation, for it boils at 106° F., and its instability as a chemical compound. These objections, recognised by the first investigators of it, have prevented ethyl bromide becoming the rival of the better known and more stable anaesthetic fluids.
and concluded one of those graceful little discourses in which the modern Italian perpetuates the traditions of his The tablet on being unveiled preclassic forefathers. sented the following inscription :ALESSANDRO VOLTA in questa modesta e diletta sua cra, tentb e compi il miracolo della Pila, rinnovatrice di scienze e industi-ie onde i terrieri stupiti e grati insieme del tubero americano da lui qui recato pel primo Mago benefico lo appellarono.
Municipio e popolo riconoscenti e orgogliosi posero questa lapide il di 22
aprile
1889.
(Alessandro Volta in this his modest and beloved house tested and completed the marvel of the Pile, the renovatress of science and industry, whence the country folk in their astonishment, and also in their gratitude for the American tuber he was the first to bring to these parts, called him the beneficent magician. The municipality and people, in recognition and in pride, erected this stone on the 22nd April, 1889.) Then followed the speech of the occasion -a scientific estimate of Volta’s place in the annals of discovery and invention, particularly in the spheres of meteorology and electro-therapeutics, by Professor Tito Vignoli, in the course of which he gave some charming illustrations of the simplicity and kindliness of the philosopher’s character-traits which he never lost even after a profusion of distinctions and honours before which less masculine and pure natures have been known to succumb. After Vignoli’s oration, which it is understood will be published, the company were entertained by the Cavaliere Maggi at a banquet, where once more the amiable features of Volta were illustrated by anecdotes of the benevolent deeds in which he seemed to find congenial relaxation from .the alternate disappointments and triumphs of the experimental laboratory. -
FISH-SUPPLY.
THE value for the purposes of food of the fish taken upon our coasts has scarcely, we think, been fully recognised; and certainly the possibility of improving the supply, and the public benefit which would result from a successful THE VOLTA COMMEMORATION. effort in that direction, are matters which stand greatly in LAZZATE, a village on the cunfines of the provinces of need of consideration. The very imperfect system upon Milan and Como, is memorable for at least one thing-for which, as matters stand at present, fish are captured and containing the cottage where Alessandro Volta for many I brought to market stands sadly in need of reform. No years spent the summer and autumn months in prosecuting doubt there are great difficulties besetting the industry. those studies which culminated in the invention of the pile. The fish must be taken when the opportunity offers, and In that modest tenement may still be seen the laboratory, very generally it will happen that the number taken will the kitchen, the fireplace, with the seat beside it where he then be greatly in excess of immediate requirements. This would beguile his hours of recreation in unfolding to the capricious fluctuation of the supply, and the very perishable nature of the article itself, make the work of distribumore intelligent of his neighbours the experiments he was of and results to out tion very difficult. But it is only too certain that the the he bring hoped engaged upon, them. Survivors in Lazzate, who can recall the incidents purveyors are very far indeed from making the best of the of " sixty years since,"remember the philosopher’s going by circumstances in which they find themselves. For instance, the name of the " mago benefico"(the beneficent magician), the kind of treatment which Mr. Hamilton, in a letter an epithet appropriate not only for his brilliant discoveries which he submits to us, describes in the case of in physics, but for the impulse he gave to the culture of the "live cod-fish" is not less wasteful than inhuman, and potato, which he was the first to introduce into Lombardy. affords a strong argument in favour of that technical The local syndic, the Cavaliere Ambrogio Maggi, and the instruction for fish catchers and fish curers which he parish priest, the Rev. Don Elia Bonanomi, interpreting the advocates. But, difficult as is the task of educating the wishes of the community, have secured the cottage as public "trade"into a just appreciation of the advantages of what property, to be preserved in honour of its great tenant, and is undoubtedly the best course in a mercantile as well as a on April 22nd inserted a tablet in its facade to commemorate hygienic sense, the task of bringing the English housewife the scientific work of which it was the scene. The whole to a sense of the economic value of fish refuse strikes us as countryside was in festa for the occasion, and not a house, being more formidable still. There is clearly substance in however humble, failed to adorn itself with flowers or what our correspondent says upon this head, but we are not drapery in homage to the physicist who had brought sub- at all sanguine that the requisite impression can be made stantial benefits as well as fame to the locality. A dis- upon the domestic authorities, or that, if made, the means as he could be at present found for giving effect to the household tinguished company supported the Cavaliere addressed a vast audience on the significance of the ceremony, economies of which he speaks. But, on the other hand,
Maggi