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Evaluating bump control techniques through convergence monitoring
103A
Radioactive waste disposal See also: 882081, 882094 882406 Mining technique for high-level nuclear waste repository. Technical note Sagefors, I Trans lnst Min Metal (Sect A Min lnd) V96, July 1987, PA 136-A 138 The WP-cave method is described. The storage space for spent fuel is in the centre and is surrounded by a buffer zone of rock and a low permeability bentonite clay and sand barrier. A hydraulic cage around the repository leads groundwater past the centre, acting in a similar manner to a Faraday cage in electricity. Excavation is by drill and blast using smooth blasting to minimise damage to wails. Construction is from the bottom up. Excavation stages and the advantages of this design and construction method are described.
Underground construction methods 882407 Machine tunnelling in the twenty-first century Robbins, R J Tunnlg Underground Space Technoi V2, N2, 1987, P147-154 Tunnelling machine development over the past forty years is reviewed, and predictions made for future machines capable of working continuously in soft rock or soil, hard rock, or water filled fault zones. Materials development and water jet assisted cutting are discussed. Continuous construction of non-circular tunnels, and undersea tunnelling, including the Channel Tunnel and tunnels for offshore oil production underground, are considered. 882408 Determination of optimal dimensions of chambers and interchamber pillars in salt rock deposit 'Tetima' by leaching by boreholes from surface Popovic, R; Kleczek, Z; Avdagic, M; Vlajic, E; Hrustic, I H Proc International Symposium on Large Rock Caverns, Helsinki, 25-28 August, 1986 V2, P1385-1398. Publ Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1986 To maximise extraction of rock salt by leaching from the Tetima deposit, mathematical analysis was undertaken to optimise the dimensions of the leached cavities and the intercavity pillars. The cavity diameter is dependent on the immediate roof thickness and strength, and the distance between chamber vertical axes is dependent on pillar strength. The stability of the chosen design was checked by finite element modelling.
Groundwater problems 882409 Problems and control of groundwater in fissures: a case history Nelson, C R In: Rock Engineering and Excavation in an Urban Environment (papers to the conference, Hong Kong, 24-27 February, 1986) P331-334. Publ London: IMM, 1986 Excavation of a mined space through 9m of limestone into soft sandstone at Minneapolis University is described. The limestone contained horizontal, water bearing fissures and tight
vertical fissures producing minor amounts of water. Horizontal fissures were dealt with by installing a perforated drain pipe and allowing draining before shotcreting the walls. The pipe was subsequently pumped with high pressure grout to effect sealing. It was not possible to seal the vertical fissures in the roof and metal drainage troughs were fixed before shotcreting to conduct seepage away.
882410 Gloria fault in Talave tunnel, Spain - used methods and consequences Garcia Yague, A eroc 5th International Congress International Association of Engineering Geology, Buenos Aires, 20-25 October, 1986 VI, P283-290. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1986 The biggest problem during tunnelling was crossing the Gloria fault, where Jurassic limestones and dolomite overthrust Cretaceous sandstones. This region is also crossed by a system of more recent subvertical faults. A water head of 200m was encountered, and inflow was such that a TBM was temporarily abandoned. A number of alternatives to circumvent the groundwater problem were suggested, including rerouting. The chosen method was to recover the old route using cement injection and drainage. Reasons for this choice and economics are discussed.
Surface subsidence, caving and rockbursts See also: 882272
882411 Evaluating bump control techniques through convergence monitoring Campoli, A A Coal Min II24, N7, July 1987, P42-46 Rockburst reduction in retreat mining is considered. In the Olga Mine, West Virginia, shot firing of chain pillars is used for stress reduction, with auger drilling for localised destressing. Cuttings yield from auger drilling is measured as an indication of the stress encountered at the drill depth. Strong correlation was seen between measured convergence and cuttings yield in both high and low stress regions, suggesting convergence can be used as an indicator of stress build up.
882412 Surface deformation characteristics above undermined areas: experiences from the Eastern United States Coalfield Karmis, M; Jarosz, A; Schilizzi, P; Agioutantis, Z Trans lnst Engrs Aust Civ Engng VCE29, N2, April 1987, PI06-114 It is important that accurate subsidence prediction methods are available to minimise both surface damage and coal loss due to surface protection. Theoretical, numerical, and empirical and semi-empirical subsidence prediction methods are briefly summarised. Using data from 45 case histories in the locality, a semi-empirical subsidence prediction technique and a strain prediction model have been formulated. These may be used to plan and evaluate surface impact of underground mining.
© 1988 Pergamon Press plc. Reproduction not permitted
Radioactive waste disposal See also: 882081, 882094 882406 Mining technique for high-level nuclear waste repository. Technical note Sagefors, I Trans lnst Min Metal (Sect A Min lnd) V96, July 1987, PA 136-A 138 The WP-cave method is described. The storage space for spent fuel is in the centre and is surrounded by a buffer zone of rock and a low permeability bentonite clay and sand barrier. A hydraulic cage around the repository leads groundwater past the centre, acting in a similar manner to a Faraday cage in electricity. Excavation is by drill and blast using smooth blasting to minimise damage to wails. Construction is from the bottom up. Excavation stages and the advantages of this design and construction method are described.
Underground construction methods 882407 Machine tunnelling in the twenty-first century Robbins, R J Tunnlg Underground Space Technoi V2, N2, 1987, P147-154 Tunnelling machine development over the past forty years is reviewed, and predictions made for future machines capable of working continuously in soft rock or soil, hard rock, or water filled fault zones. Materials development and water jet assisted cutting are discussed. Continuous construction of non-circular tunnels, and undersea tunnelling, including the Channel Tunnel and tunnels for offshore oil production underground, are considered. 882408 Determination of optimal dimensions of chambers and interchamber pillars in salt rock deposit 'Tetima' by leaching by boreholes from surface Popovic, R; Kleczek, Z; Avdagic, M; Vlajic, E; Hrustic, I H Proc International Symposium on Large Rock Caverns, Helsinki, 25-28 August, 1986 V2, P1385-1398. Publ Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1986 To maximise extraction of rock salt by leaching from the Tetima deposit, mathematical analysis was undertaken to optimise the dimensions of the leached cavities and the intercavity pillars. The cavity diameter is dependent on the immediate roof thickness and strength, and the distance between chamber vertical axes is dependent on pillar strength. The stability of the chosen design was checked by finite element modelling.
Groundwater problems 882409 Problems and control of groundwater in fissures: a case history Nelson, C R In: Rock Engineering and Excavation in an Urban Environment (papers to the conference, Hong Kong, 24-27 February, 1986) P331-334. Publ London: IMM, 1986 Excavation of a mined space through 9m of limestone into soft sandstone at Minneapolis University is described. The limestone contained horizontal, water bearing fissures and tight
vertical fissures producing minor amounts of water. Horizontal fissures were dealt with by installing a perforated drain pipe and allowing draining before shotcreting the walls. The pipe was subsequently pumped with high pressure grout to effect sealing. It was not possible to seal the vertical fissures in the roof and metal drainage troughs were fixed before shotcreting to conduct seepage away.
882410 Gloria fault in Talave tunnel, Spain - used methods and consequences Garcia Yague, A eroc 5th International Congress International Association of Engineering Geology, Buenos Aires, 20-25 October, 1986 VI, P283-290. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1986 The biggest problem during tunnelling was crossing the Gloria fault, where Jurassic limestones and dolomite overthrust Cretaceous sandstones. This region is also crossed by a system of more recent subvertical faults. A water head of 200m was encountered, and inflow was such that a TBM was temporarily abandoned. A number of alternatives to circumvent the groundwater problem were suggested, including rerouting. The chosen method was to recover the old route using cement injection and drainage. Reasons for this choice and economics are discussed.
Surface subsidence, caving and rockbursts See also: 882272
882411 Evaluating bump control techniques through convergence monitoring Campoli, A A Coal Min II24, N7, July 1987, P42-46 Rockburst reduction in retreat mining is considered. In the Olga Mine, West Virginia, shot firing of chain pillars is used for stress reduction, with auger drilling for localised destressing. Cuttings yield from auger drilling is measured as an indication of the stress encountered at the drill depth. Strong correlation was seen between measured convergence and cuttings yield in both high and low stress regions, suggesting convergence can be used as an indicator of stress build up.
882412 Surface deformation characteristics above undermined areas: experiences from the Eastern United States Coalfield Karmis, M; Jarosz, A; Schilizzi, P; Agioutantis, Z Trans lnst Engrs Aust Civ Engng VCE29, N2, April 1987, PI06-114 It is important that accurate subsidence prediction methods are available to minimise both surface damage and coal loss due to surface protection. Theoretical, numerical, and empirical and semi-empirical subsidence prediction methods are briefly summarised. Using data from 45 case histories in the locality, a semi-empirical subsidence prediction technique and a strain prediction model have been formulated. These may be used to plan and evaluate surface impact of underground mining.
© 1988 Pergamon Press plc. Reproduction not permitted