- Email: [email protected]
Evaluating exhaust gas systems with regard to ice formation
13 Space heating and cooling 96/03084 Design goals and challenges for a photovoltalcpowered electrochromlc window covering Benson, D. K. and Branz, H. M. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, Dec. 1995, 39, (2), 203-211. As the technical issues of performance and durability of electrochromic (Eq windows near resolution, more attention is being focused upon the economics of 'smart' window fabrication, installation and operation. A retrofit EC window covering that could be readily applied to existing windows could have several economical advantages, particularly if it were photovoltaic (PV)-powered. Such a window covering could be produced on a flexible polymer substrate that would be adhered to the inside surface of a window. The authors describe the design options and challenges associated with this retrofit concept which are presently being studied at the National Energy Laboratory, Colorado, USA. 96/03085 Development of engineering design data for new refrigerants I: Pure fluids and azeotroplc mixtures Hewitt, N. J. et al., Int. J. Energy Research, Feb. 1996,20, (2), 143-155. It is important to correlate thermodynamic data for replacements for CFCs and HCFCs and present it in a form that will allow industry to design equipment from charts rather than complicated thermodynamic equations. The paper outlines the development of such equations for the more popular of these fluids. Sample pressure-enthalpy diagrams are then given for the pure fluids. In addition, since replacements for CFCs and HCFCs can be formed from both zeotropic and azeotropic mixtures of these fluids, the use of a typical mixing rule is discussed and initial results presented. 96/03086
1996 district energy buyers' guide
Distr. Energy, Fourth Quarter, Supplement, 1995, 81, (2).
The guide provides a listing of companies offering district heating and cooling equipment in the USA. 96/03087 Energy-efficient renovation of high-rise housing Gorgolewski, M. et al., Applied Energy, Apr. 1996, 53, (4), 363-382. The study aims to inform designers about a method for assessing the likely energy consequences of decisions open to them regarding refurbishment options for high-rise housing in the UK. The TASo thermal simulation computer program was used to predict the effects of various improvement measures for a first-floor and a tenth-floor flat. The performances of retrofitted thermal insulation, double glazing, ventilation control measures, and sunspaces were considered. A lifecycle costing method was used to indicate the energy and financial benefits of these improvement options. The results indicated that there was a difference of between 25% and 60% in the predicted heating loads of the first-floor and tenth-floor flats, depending on the improvements installed. 96/03088 European audit story in 56 office buildings - Conclusions and recommendations Bluyssen, P. et al., Int. Conf an Healthy Buildings in Mild Climate, Health Buildings '95, Milan, Sep. 1995, 1995, 3, 1287-1292. Reports on an audit carried out in 56 office buildings in nine European Countries during 1993-1994. 96/03089 Evaluating exhaust gas systems with regard to ice formation Langer, U. Heiz. Luft. Haustech., Nov. 1995, 46, (11), 562-567. (In German) The paper discusses how the inner wall of surfaces in contact with exhaust gas in moisture-insensitive exhaust gas systems must remain above freezing to prevent ice formation. 96/03090 Future trends in balancing heating and cooling systems Lowe, M. and Bradshaw, J. Bldg. Servo ClBSE J., Jan. 1996, 18, (1), 35-36. The articles discusses how automatic balancing valves could herald a revolution in the way pumped systems are designed and installed. 96/03091 Future trends in the commissioning of heating and cooling systems Lowe, M. National Con]. Papers, Eastbourne, Oct. 1995, ClBSE, 1995,2, 293-301. The paper gives the future trends in the commissioning of heating and cooling systems used in buildings. Discusses the current commissioning methods and valves used, including the benefits of installing automatic balancing valves. 96/03092 HCFC22·based vapour absorption refrigeration system: Part 1. Parametric studies Fatouh, M. and Murthy, S. S. Int. J. of Energy Research, Apr. 1996,20, (4), 297-312. Influence of operating temperatures at generator, absorber, condenser and evaporatoron the performance of a single-stagevapour absorption refrigeration systems working with HCFC22-DMA, HCFC22-DMF and HCFC22-DMETEG pairs as working fluids is studied by performing thermodynamic analysis
214 Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1996
96/03093 Heat rejection alternatives for thermoelectric refrigerators Sofrata, H. Energy Convel's. Mgmt., Mar. 1996, 37, (3), 269-280. The main objective of this work is to enhance the performance of thermoelectric refrigerators by developing an effective heat rejection method for the hot side of thermoelectricmodules. Single fan, double fan and natural chimney draft heat rejection alternatives have been tested. The minimum temperature reached is _3°C. The temperature difference between the hot side and the cold side is 26°C for natural cooling, 22°C for the single fan and 14°C for the two fan systems. It has been concluded that, if a long chimney was used, the performance of the refrigerator may be improved, and the fan current is used for cooling instead of wasting its power for heat rejection fans. 96/03094 HERS and BERS: Rating the thermal performance of houses Willrath, H. Solar Progress, Nov-Dec, 1995, 16, (4), 19-20. The author discusses the use of energy efficiency in building designs in Australia. 96/03095 The history men Tierney, R. Heat. Air Condit., Jan. 1996, 16-19. Discusses refurbishing historic buildings, based on three major restoration projects carried out in Liverpool. 96/03096 Houses of straw Weiss, J. and Stone, L. Solar Today, Jan-Feb. 1996, 10, (1), 22-25. Describes the construction of a house with straw bales for energy efficiency and comfort in the USA. 96/03097 How the choice of heat meter park influences the economy of district heat utilities Lingg, H. Euroheat & Power, Fern. International, Dec. 1995, 24, (12), 694-701. (In German) Discusses the economics of district heating. 96/03098
Industrial space heating
Heat. Vellt. Rev., Nov. 1995, 36, (1), 20-28.
Three short articles discuss industrial space heating. 96/03099 Inner tubes Ridout, G. et aI., Building, Dec. 1995, 41-59. Four short articles covering the common theme of building services. 96/03100 Leisure and entertainment Ashley, S. Bldg. Servo CIBSE 1., Dec. 1995, 17, (12), 21-27. Three short articles dealing with building services provision for leisure nd entertainment buildings. 96/03101 Manufacture and cost of vacuum glazing Garrison, J. D. and Collins, R. E. Solar Energy, Sep. 1995, 55, (3), 151-161. The vacuum glazing project at the University of Sydney, Australia, has progressed to the point where the main features of the vacuum glazing design are determined well. Over 500 glazings with areas up to one square meter have been formed. The stresses to which these glazings are or may be exposed have been studied extensively. The durability of the glazing structure and the internal vacuum has been demonstrated. 96/03102 On the ground temperature below buildings Mihalakakou, G. et al., Solar Energy, Nov. 1995, 55, (5), 355-362. The paper presents a transient, numerical model for the prediction of the ground temperature at various depths below buildings. The proposed model was developed by calculating the heat flow to the ground from a building, which depends on the complicated three-dimensional thermal process in the ground. 96/03103 Optimal supervlsory control of an absorption chiller system Koeppel, E. A. et al., Int. J. HVACandR Res., Oct. 1995, 1, (4), 325-342. The paper discusses a methodology for determining the optimal control of an HVAC system. 96/03104 Optimization of a two-stage combined refrigeration system Chen, J. and Wu, C. Energy Converso Mgmt., Mar. 1996, 37, (3), 353-358. The optimal performance of a two-stage refrigeration system affected by the irreversibility of finite-rate heat transfer is analyzed by using an endoreversible combined cycle model with continuous flow. It is proven that the optimal coefficient of performance is a monotonica!ly decreasing function of the specific cooling rate for a two-stage endoreversible combined refrigeration system. The optimal temperatures of the working fluid in the isothermalprocesses of a cycle are determined. The optimal distribution of the heat transfer areas are also discussed. The results obtained can provide a tool for practisingengineers for designing two-stage refrigeration systems.
1996 district energy buyers' guide
Distr. Energy, Fourth Quarter, Supplement, 1995, 81, (2).
The guide provides a listing of companies offering district heating and cooling equipment in the USA. 96/03087 Energy-efficient renovation of high-rise housing Gorgolewski, M. et al., Applied Energy, Apr. 1996, 53, (4), 363-382. The study aims to inform designers about a method for assessing the likely energy consequences of decisions open to them regarding refurbishment options for high-rise housing in the UK. The TASo thermal simulation computer program was used to predict the effects of various improvement measures for a first-floor and a tenth-floor flat. The performances of retrofitted thermal insulation, double glazing, ventilation control measures, and sunspaces were considered. A lifecycle costing method was used to indicate the energy and financial benefits of these improvement options. The results indicated that there was a difference of between 25% and 60% in the predicted heating loads of the first-floor and tenth-floor flats, depending on the improvements installed. 96/03088 European audit story in 56 office buildings - Conclusions and recommendations Bluyssen, P. et al., Int. Conf an Healthy Buildings in Mild Climate, Health Buildings '95, Milan, Sep. 1995, 1995, 3, 1287-1292. Reports on an audit carried out in 56 office buildings in nine European Countries during 1993-1994. 96/03089 Evaluating exhaust gas systems with regard to ice formation Langer, U. Heiz. Luft. Haustech., Nov. 1995, 46, (11), 562-567. (In German) The paper discusses how the inner wall of surfaces in contact with exhaust gas in moisture-insensitive exhaust gas systems must remain above freezing to prevent ice formation. 96/03090 Future trends in balancing heating and cooling systems Lowe, M. and Bradshaw, J. Bldg. Servo ClBSE J., Jan. 1996, 18, (1), 35-36. The articles discusses how automatic balancing valves could herald a revolution in the way pumped systems are designed and installed. 96/03091 Future trends in the commissioning of heating and cooling systems Lowe, M. National Con]. Papers, Eastbourne, Oct. 1995, ClBSE, 1995,2, 293-301. The paper gives the future trends in the commissioning of heating and cooling systems used in buildings. Discusses the current commissioning methods and valves used, including the benefits of installing automatic balancing valves. 96/03092 HCFC22·based vapour absorption refrigeration system: Part 1. Parametric studies Fatouh, M. and Murthy, S. S. Int. J. of Energy Research, Apr. 1996,20, (4), 297-312. Influence of operating temperatures at generator, absorber, condenser and evaporatoron the performance of a single-stagevapour absorption refrigeration systems working with HCFC22-DMA, HCFC22-DMF and HCFC22-DMETEG pairs as working fluids is studied by performing thermodynamic analysis
214 Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1996
96/03093 Heat rejection alternatives for thermoelectric refrigerators Sofrata, H. Energy Convel's. Mgmt., Mar. 1996, 37, (3), 269-280. The main objective of this work is to enhance the performance of thermoelectric refrigerators by developing an effective heat rejection method for the hot side of thermoelectricmodules. Single fan, double fan and natural chimney draft heat rejection alternatives have been tested. The minimum temperature reached is _3°C. The temperature difference between the hot side and the cold side is 26°C for natural cooling, 22°C for the single fan and 14°C for the two fan systems. It has been concluded that, if a long chimney was used, the performance of the refrigerator may be improved, and the fan current is used for cooling instead of wasting its power for heat rejection fans. 96/03094 HERS and BERS: Rating the thermal performance of houses Willrath, H. Solar Progress, Nov-Dec, 1995, 16, (4), 19-20. The author discusses the use of energy efficiency in building designs in Australia. 96/03095 The history men Tierney, R. Heat. Air Condit., Jan. 1996, 16-19. Discusses refurbishing historic buildings, based on three major restoration projects carried out in Liverpool. 96/03096 Houses of straw Weiss, J. and Stone, L. Solar Today, Jan-Feb. 1996, 10, (1), 22-25. Describes the construction of a house with straw bales for energy efficiency and comfort in the USA. 96/03097 How the choice of heat meter park influences the economy of district heat utilities Lingg, H. Euroheat & Power, Fern. International, Dec. 1995, 24, (12), 694-701. (In German) Discusses the economics of district heating. 96/03098
Industrial space heating
Heat. Vellt. Rev., Nov. 1995, 36, (1), 20-28.
Three short articles discuss industrial space heating. 96/03099 Inner tubes Ridout, G. et aI., Building, Dec. 1995, 41-59. Four short articles covering the common theme of building services. 96/03100 Leisure and entertainment Ashley, S. Bldg. Servo CIBSE 1., Dec. 1995, 17, (12), 21-27. Three short articles dealing with building services provision for leisure nd entertainment buildings. 96/03101 Manufacture and cost of vacuum glazing Garrison, J. D. and Collins, R. E. Solar Energy, Sep. 1995, 55, (3), 151-161. The vacuum glazing project at the University of Sydney, Australia, has progressed to the point where the main features of the vacuum glazing design are determined well. Over 500 glazings with areas up to one square meter have been formed. The stresses to which these glazings are or may be exposed have been studied extensively. The durability of the glazing structure and the internal vacuum has been demonstrated. 96/03102 On the ground temperature below buildings Mihalakakou, G. et al., Solar Energy, Nov. 1995, 55, (5), 355-362. The paper presents a transient, numerical model for the prediction of the ground temperature at various depths below buildings. The proposed model was developed by calculating the heat flow to the ground from a building, which depends on the complicated three-dimensional thermal process in the ground. 96/03103 Optimal supervlsory control of an absorption chiller system Koeppel, E. A. et al., Int. J. HVACandR Res., Oct. 1995, 1, (4), 325-342. The paper discusses a methodology for determining the optimal control of an HVAC system. 96/03104 Optimization of a two-stage combined refrigeration system Chen, J. and Wu, C. Energy Converso Mgmt., Mar. 1996, 37, (3), 353-358. The optimal performance of a two-stage refrigeration system affected by the irreversibility of finite-rate heat transfer is analyzed by using an endoreversible combined cycle model with continuous flow. It is proven that the optimal coefficient of performance is a monotonica!ly decreasing function of the specific cooling rate for a two-stage endoreversible combined refrigeration system. The optimal temperatures of the working fluid in the isothermalprocesses of a cycle are determined. The optimal distribution of the heat transfer areas are also discussed. The results obtained can provide a tool for practisingengineers for designing two-stage refrigeration systems.