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Evaluation of adhesive-bonded joints in housing components of glass fiber-reinforced polyester laminate
Damage at the tip of a notch in a random glass fibre reinforced epoxy resin has been observed and appears to initiate at approximately 65% of the fracture load. The damage zone increases with increasing load. An effective crack length corresponding to the damage zone has been deter~ mined using a compliance calibration technique. Prenotched specimens have been subjected to constant load and the effective crack length increase determined by measuring crack mouth displacements or compliance changes. It is shown that fracture occurs when a critical value of the stress intensity factor is reached.
Evaluation of adhesive-bonded joints in housing components of glass fiberreinforced polyester laminate Masters, L. W. and Reichard, T. W.
Conference on Composite Reliability, ASTM STP 580 (American Society for Testing and Materials, 19 75) pp 146-156 A series of tests was performed on sandwich panel housing components made with glass fibre reinforced polyester laminates. These tests consisted of long and short term evaluations of the adhesive bonds between the laminate facings and panel cores. The data obtained show that the bond strength was significantly affected by the laminate formulation, adhesive formulation, adhesive thickness, sustained loading and temperature.
Kinetics of environmental degradation in graphite-epoxy laminates Kaelble, D. H. et al. Conference on Composite Reliability, ASTM STP 580 (American Society for Testing and Materials, 1975) pp 247-262 A detailed study of the kinetics of environmental degradation in graphite epoxy composites show a close correlation between analytical predictions and experimentally observed changes in interlaminar shear and fracture energy response under high moisture exposure conditions. These property changes are shown to be irreversible and directly related to cumulative moisture degradation of the fibrematrix interfacial bond. The magnitudes of these property changes are consistent with surface energy analysis and micromechanics predictions.
Measurement of thermal and mechanical properties of graphite-
COMPOSITES. JULY 1976
epoxy composites for precision applications Freund, N. P. Conference on Composite Reliability, ASTM STP 580 (American Society for Testing and Materials 19 75) pp 133-145 Results are reported on an investigation to evaluate the usefulness of selected graphite/epoxy composite structures for applications requiring precision tolerancing and dimensional control. Properties studied included thermal expansion and microcreep behaviour (the latter by holographic methods).
Microspheres cut costs, improve properties of plastics Houstofl, Alexander M. Materials Engineering (April 19 75)p 58 The effects of displacing significant volumes of resin by glass microspheres on the mechanical properties and economics of composites are reviewed. The microspheres which range in size from 4-5000/am can improve the flexural moduli, tensile and compressive strengths and strain to failure compared with other types of filler. Examples of such composites are in syntactic foams where they can give a polyester composite the workability of wood and in sandwich constructions for boat hulls.
Reliability aspects of a composite bolted scarf joint Reed, D. L. and Eisenmann, J. R. Conference on Composite Reliability, ASTM STP 580 (American Society for Testing and Materials, 1975) pp 105-118 The design, fabrication, static and fatigue tests of tension and compression graphite/epoxy candidates for a wing splice are reported: the design incorporated a single-scarf bolted joint. The results of the fatigue testing indicate that, for this type of joint, the inherent fatigue resistance of the laminate is reflected in tile joint behaviour and consequently the rate of damage accumulation is very slow under realistic fatigue loadings.
S-glass reinforced plastics adopted for helicopter rotor blades Holmes, R. D. SAMPE Quarterly, Vol 7, No 1 (Oct 1975)pp 28-41 Helicopter rotor blades are now being fabricated from S-glass reinforced plastics. Investigations that led to the selection and use of this material are discussed, including a review of
impact, fatigue, static, and exposure testing of materials and full scale components. Blade design features and fabrication methods are examined
Stress rupture of glass-epoxy composites: environmental and stress effects Wu, E. M. and Rhumann, D. C.
Conference on Composite Reliability, ASTM STP 580 (American Society for Testing and Materials, 19 75) pp 263-28 7 The combined effect of an active environment (benzene) and stress on the survival life of an E-glass reinforced epoxy composite was investigated. The results obtained have been used to extend the kinetic theory of rate-dependent rupture to include both anisotropic and environmental effects.
Structural integrity assessment of f'dament-wound components Lenoe, E. M. and Neal, D. Conference on Composite Reliability, ASTM STP 580 (American Society for Testing and Materials, 19 75) pp 5 4 - 76 A summary is given of the results of an assessment of the structural integrity of filament-wound glass/epoxy cylinders and rocket-motor cases under dynamic fracture due to internal pressure loadings of the order of 10 mins duration. Failure rates are shown to be more sensitive to design pressure variations than the conventional safety factor approach. It is suggested that while the reliability methodology described is sufficient for preliminary design purposes, failure mode assessment by way of posttest examination and high-speed photography suggests the need for further improvements in composite analysis procedures.
Temperature dependence of the complex modulus for fiber-reinforced materials Heller, R.A., Thakker, A. B. and Arthur, C. E. Conference on
Composite Reliability, ASTM STP 580 (American Society for Testing and Materials, 19 75) pp 298-308 Forced vibration experiments were carried out on fibre reinforced composites to determine the time/ temperature dependence of their complex (storage and loss) moduli. Boron/epoxy and graphite/epoxy were studied over a wide range of temperature and vibration frequencies. The materials are shown to
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Evaluation of adhesive-bonded joints in housing components of glass fiberreinforced polyester laminate Masters, L. W. and Reichard, T. W.
Conference on Composite Reliability, ASTM STP 580 (American Society for Testing and Materials, 19 75) pp 146-156 A series of tests was performed on sandwich panel housing components made with glass fibre reinforced polyester laminates. These tests consisted of long and short term evaluations of the adhesive bonds between the laminate facings and panel cores. The data obtained show that the bond strength was significantly affected by the laminate formulation, adhesive formulation, adhesive thickness, sustained loading and temperature.
Kinetics of environmental degradation in graphite-epoxy laminates Kaelble, D. H. et al. Conference on Composite Reliability, ASTM STP 580 (American Society for Testing and Materials, 1975) pp 247-262 A detailed study of the kinetics of environmental degradation in graphite epoxy composites show a close correlation between analytical predictions and experimentally observed changes in interlaminar shear and fracture energy response under high moisture exposure conditions. These property changes are shown to be irreversible and directly related to cumulative moisture degradation of the fibrematrix interfacial bond. The magnitudes of these property changes are consistent with surface energy analysis and micromechanics predictions.
Measurement of thermal and mechanical properties of graphite-
COMPOSITES. JULY 1976
epoxy composites for precision applications Freund, N. P. Conference on Composite Reliability, ASTM STP 580 (American Society for Testing and Materials 19 75) pp 133-145 Results are reported on an investigation to evaluate the usefulness of selected graphite/epoxy composite structures for applications requiring precision tolerancing and dimensional control. Properties studied included thermal expansion and microcreep behaviour (the latter by holographic methods).
Microspheres cut costs, improve properties of plastics Houstofl, Alexander M. Materials Engineering (April 19 75)p 58 The effects of displacing significant volumes of resin by glass microspheres on the mechanical properties and economics of composites are reviewed. The microspheres which range in size from 4-5000/am can improve the flexural moduli, tensile and compressive strengths and strain to failure compared with other types of filler. Examples of such composites are in syntactic foams where they can give a polyester composite the workability of wood and in sandwich constructions for boat hulls.
Reliability aspects of a composite bolted scarf joint Reed, D. L. and Eisenmann, J. R. Conference on Composite Reliability, ASTM STP 580 (American Society for Testing and Materials, 1975) pp 105-118 The design, fabrication, static and fatigue tests of tension and compression graphite/epoxy candidates for a wing splice are reported: the design incorporated a single-scarf bolted joint. The results of the fatigue testing indicate that, for this type of joint, the inherent fatigue resistance of the laminate is reflected in tile joint behaviour and consequently the rate of damage accumulation is very slow under realistic fatigue loadings.
S-glass reinforced plastics adopted for helicopter rotor blades Holmes, R. D. SAMPE Quarterly, Vol 7, No 1 (Oct 1975)pp 28-41 Helicopter rotor blades are now being fabricated from S-glass reinforced plastics. Investigations that led to the selection and use of this material are discussed, including a review of
impact, fatigue, static, and exposure testing of materials and full scale components. Blade design features and fabrication methods are examined
Stress rupture of glass-epoxy composites: environmental and stress effects Wu, E. M. and Rhumann, D. C.
Conference on Composite Reliability, ASTM STP 580 (American Society for Testing and Materials, 19 75) pp 263-28 7 The combined effect of an active environment (benzene) and stress on the survival life of an E-glass reinforced epoxy composite was investigated. The results obtained have been used to extend the kinetic theory of rate-dependent rupture to include both anisotropic and environmental effects.
Structural integrity assessment of f'dament-wound components Lenoe, E. M. and Neal, D. Conference on Composite Reliability, ASTM STP 580 (American Society for Testing and Materials, 19 75) pp 5 4 - 76 A summary is given of the results of an assessment of the structural integrity of filament-wound glass/epoxy cylinders and rocket-motor cases under dynamic fracture due to internal pressure loadings of the order of 10 mins duration. Failure rates are shown to be more sensitive to design pressure variations than the conventional safety factor approach. It is suggested that while the reliability methodology described is sufficient for preliminary design purposes, failure mode assessment by way of posttest examination and high-speed photography suggests the need for further improvements in composite analysis procedures.
Temperature dependence of the complex modulus for fiber-reinforced materials Heller, R.A., Thakker, A. B. and Arthur, C. E. Conference on
Composite Reliability, ASTM STP 580 (American Society for Testing and Materials, 19 75) pp 298-308 Forced vibration experiments were carried out on fibre reinforced composites to determine the time/ temperature dependence of their complex (storage and loss) moduli. Boron/epoxy and graphite/epoxy were studied over a wide range of temperature and vibration frequencies. The materials are shown to
205