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Evaluation of eterococci as indicator of coastal water pollution
Oceanographic Abstracts
677
BUCHANAN,CHESTER L. and MATTHEW FLATO 1962. Influence of a high hydrostatic pressure environment on electronic components. Marine Sciences Instrumentation, Inst. Soc. Amer. Plenum Press, N.Y. 1: 119-136. "[he rapidly expanding field of Oceanographic Instrumentation portends a large increase in the use of electronic instrumentation in various forms of deep ocean probes. One part of the oceanology program at U S N R L is directed toward the development of such instruments. Two approaches toward this development are available: "Ihe equipment can be sealed in rigid pressure-proof capsules with pressure-proof seals, or the equipment can be made of components which are inherently capable of operating satisfactorily under the environmental pressure. The latter approach is attractive because of the probable savings in weight and cost. To this end, a series of commonly used electronic components have been tested in an oil bath under hydrostatic pressures up to 10,000 psig. Components of each type tested have been found which will operate satisfactorily at all pressures up to 10,1300 psig. Diodes, transistors and even vacuum tubes have been found which operate at this high pressure. Entire circuits capable of operation under 10,000 psig have been built from readily available components. BUCZOWSKA,Z., B. NOWICKA and Z. KUBANEK 1961. Evaluation of Eterococci as indicator of coastal water pollution. Biul. Inst. Med. Morskiej W Gdansku, 12(3/4): 171-186 Abstr. in: Pub. Health Eng. Abs. 42(10): 2111 pp. Evaluation of Enterococci as Indicator of Coastal Water Pollution. Zofia Buczowska (Inst. Mar. Med., Gdansk, Poland), Barbara Nowicka, and Zofia Kubanek. Biul. Inst. Med. Morskiej Be Gdansku 12 (3/4) 177-86 (1961). Biological Abstracts, 38, No. 5, 19419 (June 1, 1962).--Results of the examination of coastal water polluted in different degrees by sewage, indicate that: the ratio of enterococci to Escherichia coli in polluted sea water was 1 "14. This ratio was independent on the dilution of sewage in sea water. A straight-line relationship existed between the concentrations of enterococci and E. cob in sea water, determined by the correlation coefficient +0.91. Seasonal changes of water temperature exerted a greater influence on the mean indexes of enterococci than on those of E. coli, which indicates a lower resistance of enterococci to the environmental factors. The changes of Streptococcus faecalis and E. coli populations in sea water stored at a temperature of 20°C. have confirmed previous conclusions. Identification of the isolated strains indicated a high selectivity of the medium used for streptococci of group D. The method of membrane filters with use of pads saturated with sodium azide broth affords an exact and simple procedure for determination of the enterococci index of water with no need of applying a confirmatory test. The data obtained from this study showed a complete suitability of enterocoeci as an index of recent contamination of costal water. On this basis a more exact hygenic evaluation of bathing waters is possible than on the basis of the E. coli index. BURRIDGE,R. 1962. The reflexion of high-frequency sound in a liquid sphere. Proc. roy. Soc., London, Set. A, 270 (1340): 144-154. A spherically symmetric source of high-frequency sound is situated within a liquid sphere. Certain approximations are made to the boundary values of the velocity potential representing once-reflected sound. These approximations are used in Green's formula to calculate this once-reflected field when it strikes the surface again at its second reflexion. This method is shown to agree with the results in van der Pol & Bremmer (1937) when the field point is far from the caustic. The same method is then applied to the field near the caustic showing a characteristic variation of amplitude like the Airy function Ai, and to the field near the anticentre where standing waves occur with nodal circles whose radii are given by the zeros of the Bessel function J0. The method employed, which does not require any detailed manipulation of higher transcendental functions, would be equally applicable to reflexions within any body of liquid bounded by a smooth surface. CAMPANELLA,ANGELO J. 1962. A telemetering thermometer. Marine Sciences Instrumentation, Inst. Soc. Amer. Plenum Press, N.Y. 1 : 39-49. A temperature transducer for temperature measurement at depth for a radio telemetering link from a drift buoy has been developed. The nominal design depth is 200 meters for the transducer. It has an accuracy of 0.1°C or better depending on radio link quality. The system is operational and has been tested at shallow depths, approximately 4 meters, by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. CAMPANELLA,ANGELO J. 1962. A bottom strip map camera. Marine Science Instrumentation, Inst. Soc. Amer. Plenum Press, N.Y. 1 : 273-278. A preliminary investigation of photographing a lake bottom using a scanning-type system is reported. An example of the results of tests conducted with a line-scan camera system is presented. C A ~ o N , W. L. 1962. Porpoise--oceanographic research vehicle. MarineScienceslnstrumentation Inst. Soc. Amer. Plenum Press, N.Y. 1 : 305-309. A description of an oceanographic research vehicle called Porpoise is presented. The vehicle, under development by Chance Vought Corporation under contract with the Office of Naval Research, is
677
BUCHANAN,CHESTER L. and MATTHEW FLATO 1962. Influence of a high hydrostatic pressure environment on electronic components. Marine Sciences Instrumentation, Inst. Soc. Amer. Plenum Press, N.Y. 1: 119-136. "[he rapidly expanding field of Oceanographic Instrumentation portends a large increase in the use of electronic instrumentation in various forms of deep ocean probes. One part of the oceanology program at U S N R L is directed toward the development of such instruments. Two approaches toward this development are available: "Ihe equipment can be sealed in rigid pressure-proof capsules with pressure-proof seals, or the equipment can be made of components which are inherently capable of operating satisfactorily under the environmental pressure. The latter approach is attractive because of the probable savings in weight and cost. To this end, a series of commonly used electronic components have been tested in an oil bath under hydrostatic pressures up to 10,000 psig. Components of each type tested have been found which will operate satisfactorily at all pressures up to 10,1300 psig. Diodes, transistors and even vacuum tubes have been found which operate at this high pressure. Entire circuits capable of operation under 10,000 psig have been built from readily available components. BUCZOWSKA,Z., B. NOWICKA and Z. KUBANEK 1961. Evaluation of Eterococci as indicator of coastal water pollution. Biul. Inst. Med. Morskiej W Gdansku, 12(3/4): 171-186 Abstr. in: Pub. Health Eng. Abs. 42(10): 2111 pp. Evaluation of Enterococci as Indicator of Coastal Water Pollution. Zofia Buczowska (Inst. Mar. Med., Gdansk, Poland), Barbara Nowicka, and Zofia Kubanek. Biul. Inst. Med. Morskiej Be Gdansku 12 (3/4) 177-86 (1961). Biological Abstracts, 38, No. 5, 19419 (June 1, 1962).--Results of the examination of coastal water polluted in different degrees by sewage, indicate that: the ratio of enterococci to Escherichia coli in polluted sea water was 1 "14. This ratio was independent on the dilution of sewage in sea water. A straight-line relationship existed between the concentrations of enterococci and E. cob in sea water, determined by the correlation coefficient +0.91. Seasonal changes of water temperature exerted a greater influence on the mean indexes of enterococci than on those of E. coli, which indicates a lower resistance of enterococci to the environmental factors. The changes of Streptococcus faecalis and E. coli populations in sea water stored at a temperature of 20°C. have confirmed previous conclusions. Identification of the isolated strains indicated a high selectivity of the medium used for streptococci of group D. The method of membrane filters with use of pads saturated with sodium azide broth affords an exact and simple procedure for determination of the enterococci index of water with no need of applying a confirmatory test. The data obtained from this study showed a complete suitability of enterocoeci as an index of recent contamination of costal water. On this basis a more exact hygenic evaluation of bathing waters is possible than on the basis of the E. coli index. BURRIDGE,R. 1962. The reflexion of high-frequency sound in a liquid sphere. Proc. roy. Soc., London, Set. A, 270 (1340): 144-154. A spherically symmetric source of high-frequency sound is situated within a liquid sphere. Certain approximations are made to the boundary values of the velocity potential representing once-reflected sound. These approximations are used in Green's formula to calculate this once-reflected field when it strikes the surface again at its second reflexion. This method is shown to agree with the results in van der Pol & Bremmer (1937) when the field point is far from the caustic. The same method is then applied to the field near the caustic showing a characteristic variation of amplitude like the Airy function Ai, and to the field near the anticentre where standing waves occur with nodal circles whose radii are given by the zeros of the Bessel function J0. The method employed, which does not require any detailed manipulation of higher transcendental functions, would be equally applicable to reflexions within any body of liquid bounded by a smooth surface. CAMPANELLA,ANGELO J. 1962. A telemetering thermometer. Marine Sciences Instrumentation, Inst. Soc. Amer. Plenum Press, N.Y. 1 : 39-49. A temperature transducer for temperature measurement at depth for a radio telemetering link from a drift buoy has been developed. The nominal design depth is 200 meters for the transducer. It has an accuracy of 0.1°C or better depending on radio link quality. The system is operational and has been tested at shallow depths, approximately 4 meters, by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. CAMPANELLA,ANGELO J. 1962. A bottom strip map camera. Marine Science Instrumentation, Inst. Soc. Amer. Plenum Press, N.Y. 1 : 273-278. A preliminary investigation of photographing a lake bottom using a scanning-type system is reported. An example of the results of tests conducted with a line-scan camera system is presented. C A ~ o N , W. L. 1962. Porpoise--oceanographic research vehicle. MarineScienceslnstrumentation Inst. Soc. Amer. Plenum Press, N.Y. 1 : 305-309. A description of an oceanographic research vehicle called Porpoise is presented. The vehicle, under development by Chance Vought Corporation under contract with the Office of Naval Research, is