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Evaluation of hospital wastewater genotoxicity in a Lebanese University Hospital
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 211S (2012) S43–S216
natal smoking exposure have not been well documented by comet assay which is considered as an important biomarker on the evaluation of genotoxic substances. For this purpose the 3rd trimester blood and cord blood of 28 active smokers and 22 non-smoker mothers were evaluated in terms of DNA damage by comet assay. There were no statistically significant increase in DNA% damage (mean ± SD, tail intensity) was observed in actively smoking pregnant (7.76 ± 2,42) when compared to nonsmokers (7.39 ± 1,92) in their third trimester (p > 0.05). Cord blood DNA% damage values also shows no statistically significant difference (smoker newborns 8.59 ± 2.24 vs non-smoker newborns 8.57 ± 1.82, p > 0.05). No statistically significant correlations were found among DNA damage, time of smoking, number of cigarettes per day and birth weight both in mothers and their newborns (p > 0.05). In our study there are practically no heavy smokers, as the calculated smoking mean was 5.64 ± 3.57 per day. These results might be due to an adaptive response in continuous exposure to the low levels of genotoxic substances in the tobacco smoke or an activation of DNA repair. This study was supported by Gazi University Scientific Research Fund (Project No. 02/2011-15). doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.281
P09-30 Evaluation of hospital wastewater genotoxicity in a Lebanese University Hospital Pamela Melki 1 , Claude Afif 2 , Ziad Daoud 2 , Roula M. Abdel-Massih 3 University of Balamand, Lebanon, 2 Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Lebanon, 3 Department of Biology, University of Balamand, Lebanon
1
Hospitals discharge considerable amounts of chemicals in their wastewater that could contaminate the aquatic environment and present serious health hazards. The aim of this study is to assess and quantify the genotoxic potential of Lebanese Hospital wastewater and to provide recommendations according to the results. The genotoxic potential of wastewater generated by a University Hospital was evaluated by the SOS chromotest (on Escherichia coli PQ37) without metabolic activation. The samples were taken from 5 different pits, 2 times per day in the morning and the afternoon during two 1-week (5days) periods in February and August 2011. A preliminary screening of the hospital wastewater revealed that the wastewater was mostly genotoxic. Out of a total of 100 samples, 50 were positive with the SOS chromotest. Genotoxicity of the sample was affected by the time, day, and season of sample collection. Monday samples were the most genotoxic irrespective of the sampling time or season. Different pits, representing different wastewater collection points, also varied with respect to intensity of genotoxicity. The recommended dilution concentrations were identified. More genotoxic tests are currently underway to further evaluate the toxicity of these samples and to identify the genotoxic compounds. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.282
S73
P09-31 Determination of genotoxicity using comet assay and EpiAirway, EpiDerm and EpiDerm-FT Silvia Letasiova 1 , Alex Armento 2 , Jane DeLuca 2 , Yulia Kaluzhny 2 , Mitchell Klausner 2 , R. Smith 2 , Patrick J. Hayden 2 1
MatTek IVLSL, Slovakia, 2 MatTek Corporation, Ashland, MA, United States Determination of genotoxicity potential is an important factor for safety assessment of chemicals that may be present in drugs, consumer products, occupational chemicals or environmental pollutants. Due to recently enacted legislation including REACH and a ban on animal testing of cosmetics by the 7th Amendment to the Cosmetics Directive, predictive organ-specific genotoxicity tests are urgently needed. Commonly used in vitro genotoxocity assays produce a high false positive rate, limiting their utility for predicting human genotoxicity. Genotoxicity assays based on immortalized cell lines typically suffer from significant drawbacks including deficient function of p53, NFkB and other important genotoxicity related cellular pathways. Furthermore, for assessment of organ-specific genotoxicity, organotypic in vitro human tissue models with in vivo-like barrier function and metabolic capability will have improved biological relevance and predictive ability. The current poster describes application of the comet assay for genotoxicity screening using airway (EpiAirway) and skin (EpiDerm, EpiDerm-FT) tissues. These organotypic models reproduce the 3D structure, barrier function and xenobiotic metabolizing capabilities of in vivo epithelial tissues. In vitro tissues were digested with trypsin to produce cell suspensions for comet assay experiments. Comets were visually scored in duplicate tissues and assigned values for % tail DNA on a 5 category scale (0 being undamaged DNA to 4 >80% DNA in tail). Untreated control samples produced low background comet scores. Treatment of tissues with known direct genotoxins such as methyl methane sulfonate and 4-nitroquinoline, or indirect genotoxins that require metabolism such as benzo(a)pyrene or cyclophosphamide, produced statistically significant, dose-dependent increases in % tail DNA. Thus, the comet assay appears to be a promising approach to in vitro genotoxicity testing in airway and dermal tissues. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.283 P10: Drug Oriented Toxicological Research
P10-01 Hepatoprotective role of Polygonum bistorta and tannic acid on APAP treated rats Deepak Kumar Mittal 1 , Deepmala Joshi 2 , Sangeeta Shukla 1 1
Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India, 2 Gorakhpur University, India
Purpose: Many herbal preparations have been recommended in alternative system of medicine for the treatment of hepatic disorder. Drug-induced hepatotoxicity is still a significant unresolved clinical problem as liver is the most common site of damage. It is well known that overdoses of acetaminophen are hepatotoxic. The goal of the present work is to evaluate and compare the efficacy of root extract of Polygonum bistorta and tannic acid against toxicant induced damage in liver and kidney. Methods: Male rats (150 ± 10 g b.w.) were administered a single bolus dose
natal smoking exposure have not been well documented by comet assay which is considered as an important biomarker on the evaluation of genotoxic substances. For this purpose the 3rd trimester blood and cord blood of 28 active smokers and 22 non-smoker mothers were evaluated in terms of DNA damage by comet assay. There were no statistically significant increase in DNA% damage (mean ± SD, tail intensity) was observed in actively smoking pregnant (7.76 ± 2,42) when compared to nonsmokers (7.39 ± 1,92) in their third trimester (p > 0.05). Cord blood DNA% damage values also shows no statistically significant difference (smoker newborns 8.59 ± 2.24 vs non-smoker newborns 8.57 ± 1.82, p > 0.05). No statistically significant correlations were found among DNA damage, time of smoking, number of cigarettes per day and birth weight both in mothers and their newborns (p > 0.05). In our study there are practically no heavy smokers, as the calculated smoking mean was 5.64 ± 3.57 per day. These results might be due to an adaptive response in continuous exposure to the low levels of genotoxic substances in the tobacco smoke or an activation of DNA repair. This study was supported by Gazi University Scientific Research Fund (Project No. 02/2011-15). doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.281
P09-30 Evaluation of hospital wastewater genotoxicity in a Lebanese University Hospital Pamela Melki 1 , Claude Afif 2 , Ziad Daoud 2 , Roula M. Abdel-Massih 3 University of Balamand, Lebanon, 2 Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Lebanon, 3 Department of Biology, University of Balamand, Lebanon
1
Hospitals discharge considerable amounts of chemicals in their wastewater that could contaminate the aquatic environment and present serious health hazards. The aim of this study is to assess and quantify the genotoxic potential of Lebanese Hospital wastewater and to provide recommendations according to the results. The genotoxic potential of wastewater generated by a University Hospital was evaluated by the SOS chromotest (on Escherichia coli PQ37) without metabolic activation. The samples were taken from 5 different pits, 2 times per day in the morning and the afternoon during two 1-week (5days) periods in February and August 2011. A preliminary screening of the hospital wastewater revealed that the wastewater was mostly genotoxic. Out of a total of 100 samples, 50 were positive with the SOS chromotest. Genotoxicity of the sample was affected by the time, day, and season of sample collection. Monday samples were the most genotoxic irrespective of the sampling time or season. Different pits, representing different wastewater collection points, also varied with respect to intensity of genotoxicity. The recommended dilution concentrations were identified. More genotoxic tests are currently underway to further evaluate the toxicity of these samples and to identify the genotoxic compounds. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.282
S73
P09-31 Determination of genotoxicity using comet assay and EpiAirway, EpiDerm and EpiDerm-FT Silvia Letasiova 1 , Alex Armento 2 , Jane DeLuca 2 , Yulia Kaluzhny 2 , Mitchell Klausner 2 , R. Smith 2 , Patrick J. Hayden 2 1
MatTek IVLSL, Slovakia, 2 MatTek Corporation, Ashland, MA, United States Determination of genotoxicity potential is an important factor for safety assessment of chemicals that may be present in drugs, consumer products, occupational chemicals or environmental pollutants. Due to recently enacted legislation including REACH and a ban on animal testing of cosmetics by the 7th Amendment to the Cosmetics Directive, predictive organ-specific genotoxicity tests are urgently needed. Commonly used in vitro genotoxocity assays produce a high false positive rate, limiting their utility for predicting human genotoxicity. Genotoxicity assays based on immortalized cell lines typically suffer from significant drawbacks including deficient function of p53, NFkB and other important genotoxicity related cellular pathways. Furthermore, for assessment of organ-specific genotoxicity, organotypic in vitro human tissue models with in vivo-like barrier function and metabolic capability will have improved biological relevance and predictive ability. The current poster describes application of the comet assay for genotoxicity screening using airway (EpiAirway) and skin (EpiDerm, EpiDerm-FT) tissues. These organotypic models reproduce the 3D structure, barrier function and xenobiotic metabolizing capabilities of in vivo epithelial tissues. In vitro tissues were digested with trypsin to produce cell suspensions for comet assay experiments. Comets were visually scored in duplicate tissues and assigned values for % tail DNA on a 5 category scale (0 being undamaged DNA to 4 >80% DNA in tail). Untreated control samples produced low background comet scores. Treatment of tissues with known direct genotoxins such as methyl methane sulfonate and 4-nitroquinoline, or indirect genotoxins that require metabolism such as benzo(a)pyrene or cyclophosphamide, produced statistically significant, dose-dependent increases in % tail DNA. Thus, the comet assay appears to be a promising approach to in vitro genotoxicity testing in airway and dermal tissues. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.283 P10: Drug Oriented Toxicological Research
P10-01 Hepatoprotective role of Polygonum bistorta and tannic acid on APAP treated rats Deepak Kumar Mittal 1 , Deepmala Joshi 2 , Sangeeta Shukla 1 1
Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India, 2 Gorakhpur University, India
Purpose: Many herbal preparations have been recommended in alternative system of medicine for the treatment of hepatic disorder. Drug-induced hepatotoxicity is still a significant unresolved clinical problem as liver is the most common site of damage. It is well known that overdoses of acetaminophen are hepatotoxic. The goal of the present work is to evaluate and compare the efficacy of root extract of Polygonum bistorta and tannic acid against toxicant induced damage in liver and kidney. Methods: Male rats (150 ± 10 g b.w.) were administered a single bolus dose