Evaluation of instrumentation in clinical chemistry

423F

THE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION CLINICAL CHEMISTRY

OF

IFCC Section (1983) No. 1 in clinical chemistry

. . . .. . . .. . . . .. .

1.1. Evaluation

of instrumentation

1.2. Provisional

recommendation on: The theory of reference values. Part 6. Presentation of values related to reference

values

Published by BIOMEDICAL PRESS, AMSTERDAM on behalf of THE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF CLINICAL CHEMISTRY ELSEVIER

425F

441 F

424F

The exclusive 0 for all languages Federation of Clinical Chemistry

and

countries

is vested

in The

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in CLINICA

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Clin. Chim. Acta (1983) Vol. l27,423F-448F

Acta (1979) 153F-188F 155F-204F 127F-186F

Clinica Chimica Acta, 127 (1983) 425F-439F Elsevier Biomedical Press

INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC EXPERT

FEDERATION COMMITTEE, PANEL

IFCC Document,

EVALUATION

425F

OF CLINICAL CHEMISTRY ANALYTICAL

ON INSTRUMENTATION

1982-10-6, Bibliography

OF INSTRUMENTATION

Prepared for publication

SECTION

by: G.A. Donohoe,

IN CLINICAL CHEMISTRY

T.D. Geary,

R.D. Jennings

Preface This listing has been prepared for the Expert Panel by Ms. G.A. Donohoe, Commonwealth Department of Health, Canberra, Australia; Mr. T.D. Geary, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, Australia; and Mr. R.D. Jennings, Department of Health and Social Security, London, UK. Reports contained in the listing are from professional bodies and published articles up to December 1981. Every endeavour has been made to make the listing as complete as possible. As the Working Party intends to provide update listings regularly, they would appreciate being informed of any omissions. Reports from the Australian Association of Clinical Biochemists are obtainable from Mr. T.D. Geary, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, P.O. Box 14, Rundle Street, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. Reports from the Department of Health and Social Security are obtainable from the Scientific and Technical Branch, 3A, 14 Russell Square, London, WCIB 5EP, UK. Correspondence should be addressed to: Mr. T.D. Geary, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, P.O. Box 14, Rundle Street, Adelaide, South Australia 5000. Contents 1. General articles on evaluation of equipment ...................... 2. Multifunction analysers .................................... 3. Enzyme analysers ........................................

EP Titular

Members:

P. Bonini, C. Burtis, T.D. Geary

(Chairman),

R. Haeckel,

426F 427F 430F

K. Okuda

426F

4. Dedicated instruments for analysis 4.1 Urea .................... ................ 4.2 Creatinine 4.3 Glucose .................. ...... 4.4 Urea/creatinine/glucose 4.5 Calcium .................. ................. 4.6 Bilirubin 5. Blood gas analysers ............. 6. Electrolyte systems ............. 7. Radioimmunoassay systems ....... ............ 8. Spectrophotometers ................ 9. Nephelometers ................. 10. Fluorometers ................ 11. Densitometers .............. 12. Chromatography ................. 13. Miscellaneous

of: ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... .......

. . . .

...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ......

. . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

431F 431F 432F 432F 433F 434F 434F 435F 436F 436F 437F 438F 438F . 438F . 439F

. . . . . . . . . , .

1. General articles on evaluation of equipment 1974 Broughton chemistry. College of tion. CAP,

PMG et al. A revised scheme for the evaluation of automatic instruments for use in clinical Ann Clin Biochem 1974; 11: 207. American Pathologists. Manual of laboratory instrument maintenance and function verifica7400 North Skokie Boulevard, Skokie, IL 60077, USA. 1974.

1975 Department of Health and Social Security. Procedure for determining test costs in pathology laboratories, 1975. Grin AS et al. Some methods of evaluating the work of automatic analytical systems under conditions of the clinico-biochemical laboratory. Med Tekh 1975; 5: 27. 1977 Taylor D, Baird M. A design Technol 1977; 43: 139.

for evaluation

and justification

of laboratory

instruments.

Am J Med

1978 Caragher TE, Grannis CF. Performance evaluation of multichannel analysers by use of linearly related survey specimens. Clin Chem 1978; 24: 403. McLelland AS, Fleck A, Burns RF. A limited protocol for assessment of within-batch performance of multichannel analysers. Ann Clin Biochem 1978; 12: 12. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Proposed Standard PSEP-1. Protocol for establishing the precision and accuracy of automated analytical systems. NCCLS, 771 E Lancaster Ave. Villanova, PA 19085, USA. 1978. Roberts LB. Practical and organisational problems in the testing of clinical laboratory instruments. J Autom Chem 1978; 1: 32. 1979 Evenson MA. Report: criteria for analytical instrumentation in a clinical analysis laboratory. 1979; 51: 14llA. Henry P. The measurement of splash-over and carry-over in centrifugal analysers. J Autom 1: 195.

Anal Chem Chem

1979;

427F McLean MH. Product evaluation, a manufacturers point of view. Clin Chem 1979; 25: 1127. Shaikh AH. A systematic procedure for selection of automated instruments in the clinical laboratory. J Med Technol 1979; 45: 710.

Am

1980 Beard J. A simple rapid protocol for the evaluation of instrument applications. Clin Chem 1980; 26: 979. Craig T. Techniques for the economic evaluation of automatic analysers. J Autom Chem 1980; 2: 34. Geary TD. Guidelines for the evaluation of clinical laboratory instrumentation. The Clinical Biochemist, Reviews 1980; 1: 26. Haeckel R, Keller H, Knedel M. Principles for multicentre evaluations of analytical instruments. Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1980; 18: 693. Haeckel R, Keller H, Knedel M. Recommendations for multicentre evaluations of analytical instruments in clinical chemistry. Mitt Dtsche Ges Klin Chem 1980; 6: 184. International Federation of Clinical Chemistry. Scientific Committee. Expert Panel on Instrumentation. Provisional guidelines for listing specifications of clinical chemistry analysers. Clin Biochem 1980; 13: 244. Worth HG. The costing of analytical systems. J Autom Chem 1980; 2: 125. I981 Driscoll JL et al. Instrument justification, selection and technical evaluation in clinical chemistry. 2. Technical aspects of instrument evaluation. Chem Biomed Environ Instrum 1981; 11: 127. Gudzinowicz BJ et al. Instrument justification, selection and technical evaluation in clinical chemistry. 1. Instrument justification and selection. Chem Biomed Environ Instrum 1981; 11: 107. James GP, Bee DE. Evaluation of clinical laboratory instruments. Part II. Use and abuse of statistical tools. Am J Med Technol 1981; 47: 303. Martinek RG. The selection of instruments for the clinical laboratory. J Am Med Technol 1981; 43: 123. Yamamoto Y. Automation and systemization of medical technology. Med Rev (Toshiba) 1981; 5: 17, in Japanese with English abstract.

2. Multifunction analysers 1976 Department of Health and Social Security. The Gilford 3500 Biochemical Analyser a limited evaluation. Whithaker K, Moss DW. 1976. Department of Health and Social Security. Evaluation of an Ultrolab (LKB) System. Stevens JF, Howell MJ. 1976. Haven M et al. Evaluation of a Coulter Chemistry Unit. Am J Clin Pathol 1976; 66: 144. Rush RL et al. An evaluation of the SMAC System after 1.5 years of operation. Chn Chem 1976; 22: 1171. Westgard JO et al. Performance studies on the Technicon SMAC analyzer: precision and comparison of values with methods in routine laboratory service. Clin Chem 1976; 22: 489. 1977 Alpert N. Instrument Series Report No. 5 1: The evolution of centrifugal analyzers I. Gemeni. Lab World 1977; 28(l): 18. Alpert N. Instrument Series Report No. 52: Evolution of centrifugal analyzers II. Centrifichem System 400. Lab World 1977; 28(2): 28. Alpert NL. Instrument Series Report No. 57: Chemetrics Analyzer. Lab World 1977; 28(7): 18. Alpert NL. Instrument Series Report No. 62: Hycel Super-17. Lab World 1977; 28(12): 31. Australian Association of Clinical Biochemists. Evaluation of Chemetrics Analyzer. 1977. Australian Association of Clinical Biochemists. Evaluation of EN1 Gemeni. 1977. Department of Health and Social Security. Evaluation of the Vickers SP 120 Analyser (with costing study). Tamoky AL, Ingarfill EW, Gentle R. 1977.

428F Department of Health and Social Security. Evaluation of the Technicon SMAC Analyser (with costing study). Neil1 DW. 1977. Fleetwood JA et al. A long term evaluation of the Centrifichem centrifugal microanalyser during routine use in the clinical biochemistry laboratory. Ann Clin Biochem 1977; 14: 279. Mrochek JE et al. A new portable centrifugal analyser with expanded versatility. Clin Chem 1977; 23: 1416. Okuda K. An evaluation of the Aution Analyser HS-7. Biomedical Journal 1977; I : 111, in Japanese. Osibeluwo SA. The design, development and evaluation of a multi-method cartridge AA1 1 system. Med Lab Sci 1977; 34: 7. Peele JD et al. Evaluation of Ames Clini-Tek. Clin Chem 1977; 23: 2238. Westgard JO et al. Experiences with the Technicon SMAC Analyzer. Lab Med 1977; 8: 16. Zaidman JL, Segal S. Evaluation of Ames Blood Analyser System. Isr J Med Sci 1977; 13: 450. 1978 Ager BP et al. The Vickers SP120 Analyser: An instrument evaluation. J Autom Chem 1978; 1: 36. Department of Health and Social Security. Evaluation of the Du Pont Automatic Clinical Analyser (with costing study). Robinson R. 1978. Department of Health and Social Security. An evaluation of the Rotochem Ha/36 Centrifugal Fast Analyser (with costing study). Henry P, White WA. 1978. Finley PR et al. Evaluation of a new multichannel analyzer, Astra-8. Clin Chem 1978; 24: 2125. Frauenhaffer C et al. Instrument report: Rotochem 11A. Lab World 1978; 29(12): 41. Georges RJ. An evaluation of the American Monitor Corporation KDA analyser. South African Institute for Medical Research, PO Box 1038, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa. 1978. Hainsworth IR et al. An evaluation of the Joel Clinanalyser. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1978; 16: 213. Inoue M et al. Photometric characteristics of JCA-N6R. Jpn J Clin Lab Autom 1978; 3: 21, in Japanese. Johnson L. Instrument report: Du Pont Automatic Clinical Analyzer ACA 111. Lab World 1978; 29( 10): 75. Larsen JW et al. Computer controlled SMA-12 evaluation and 18 months of experience with a VICKERS SP-120. Clin Chem 1978; 24: 1061. North JW et al. Performance evaluation of selected chemistries on the Beckman Automated Stat Routine Analyzer Astra. Clin Chem 1978; 24: 1009. Okuda K. Reflectometric appliance in clinical chemistry. Biochimische Analitik 1978; 2: 55. Percy-Robb IW et al. The peak monitor of the Technicon SMAC System. Clin Chem 1978; 24: 146. Savory MG et al. An approach for the evaluation of the analytical performance of automated instrumentation application to a new 36 Cuvette Centrifugal Analyzer. Clin Chem 1978; 24: 1060. Schwartz MK et al. STAC Sequential Test Analyser with computer, an initial evaluation. Clin Chem 1978; 24: 1060. Takeuchi M et al. An evaluation of routine use of Toshiba TBA-360 and its characteristics. J Clin Lab Inst Reag 1978; 1: 249, in Japanese. White R et al. Evaluation of the Chemetrics Analyzer. Pathology 1978; 10: 396.

Australian Association of Clinical Biochemists. Evaluation of Beckman Immunochemistry System. 1979. Australian Association of Clinical Biochemists. Evaluation of Chemtek System. 1979. Australian Association of Clinical Biochemists. Evaluation of IL Multistat III. 1979. Australian Association of Clinical Biochemists. Evaluation of Bausch and Lomb Spectronic 2100. 1979. Balazs N. Evaluation of Couher Kern-O-Mat. Biochemistry Department, Prince Henry’s Hospital, St. Kilda Road, Melbourne 3000, Vie. Australian Association of Clinical Biochemists. 1979. Department of Health and Social Security. An Evaluation of the Beckman ASTRA-8. Lloyd PH, Bicknell H, Broughton PMG. 1979. Department of Health and Social Security. A report on the use of the Kemo-O-Mat in a paediatric Laboratory. Griffiths TM et al. 1979. Department of Health and Social Security. Report on an evaluation of the Technicon SMA II Multichannel Analyser (with costing study). Glenn J. 1979.

429F

Department of Health and Social Security. An evaluation of the instrumentation laboratory microcentrifugal analyser - Multistat III (with costing study). Price CP, Spencer K, Biggs PA. 1979. Department of Health and Social Security. Technical evaluation of the ENI Gemeni Centrifugal Analyser. Watson D, Willing CW. 1979. Department of Health and Social Security. Evaluation of the Vitatron PA800 Programmable Analyser. Smith JM, Fry I, Walker AW. 1979. Elliott WC. A 38-month experience with the Technicon SMAC System. Lab Med 1979; 10: 619. Finley PR et al. Evaluation of a new multichannel chemistry instrument, the Beckman Astra-8. Clin Chem 1979; 25: 1115. Fu PC et al. Performance characteristics of the new Abbott bichromatic Analyser-VP. Clin Chem 1979; 25: 1116. Garber CC et al. Du Pont ACA 111performance as tested according to NCCLS guidelines. Clin Chem 1979; 25: 1730. Georges RJ. Gilford System 5 Clinical Analyser. South African Institute for Medical Research PO Box 1038, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa. 1979. Georges RJ. Ames Pacer Analyser. South African Institute for Medical Research, PO Box 1038, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa. 1979. Howanitz PJ et al. Evaluation of the DUPONT ACA-111. Clin Chem 1979; 25: 1116. Hull RM. Mallinckrodt Serometer 380. Lab World 1979; 30: 43. Marbach EP et al. Evaluation of the Beckman Astra 8 interfaced with a remote multi-user computer. Clin Chem 1979; 25: 1083. Mizuta W. Evaluation of the Hitachi Model 706D Automatic Analyser. Hitachi Instrument News 4, 5. 1979. Department of Health and Social Security. An evaluation of the Roche Cobas Bio Microcentrifugal Analyser. Scientific and Technical Branch, London. Neil1 DW, Burgess RJ, Nesbitt GS. 1979. Paquet RJ. An inter-laboratory comparison study of the Technicon STAC Single Test Analyzer with computer. Clin Chem 1979; 25: 1116. Seymour CC. Evaluation of the Kern-O-Mat programmable discrette analyser. J Autom Chem 1979; 1: 140. Steindel SJ. Comparison of the Technicon SMA-11 with the SMA-18-60 in a hospital laboratory. Clin Chem 1979; 25: 1122. Williams DC, Wood RJ, Worth HGJ. An evaluation of the Olympus Quickrate Analyser. Clin Biochem 1979; 12: 9. 1980 Australian Association of Clinical Biochemists. Evaluation of Beckman Astra 8. 1980. Australian Association of Clinical Biochemists. Evaluation of Abbott VP Analyser. 1980. Australian Association of Clinical Biochemists. Evaluation of Calbiochem Behring Calprint System. 1980. Australian Association of Clinical Biochemists. Evaluation of the Roche Cobas Bio Centrifugal Analyser. 1980. Cherian AC et al. Performance Characteristics of the Coulter Kern-O-Lab. Clin Biochem 1980; 13: 55. Dalal FR. Instrument report: Gilford System 202 Chemistry Analyser. Lab World 1980; 31(6): 42. Department of Health and Social Security. An evaluation of the Kone CD Parallel Analyser. Lowe R, Broughton PMG. 1980. Department of Health and Social Security. An evaluation of the Gemsaec 3E Fast Centrifugal Analyser (with costing study). Nisbet JA, Owen JA, West PS. 1980. Department of Health and Social SEcurity. Evaluation of Abbott VP Bichromatic Analyser. Foo Y, Rosalki S. 1980. Department of Health and Social Security. An evaluation of the Hitachi ABCA Analyser (706D). Stevens JF, Howell M. 1980. Department of Health and Social Security. An evaluation of the Roche Cobas Bio Microcentrifugal Analyser (with costing study). Neil1 DW, Burgess RJ, Nesbitt GS. 1980. Department of Health and Social Security. Evaluation of the Burkard Econoflo Micro Analytical System (BEMAS). Skinner AC et al. 1980.

430F Department of Health and Social Security. Evaluation of the Hycel-M Multichannel Chemical Analyser. Arnsten KW, Deacon AC, Worth HGJ. 1980. Dubois JA et al. An extensive field evaluation of the Multistat 111 Micro Centrifugal analyzer. Clin Chem 1980; 26: 1033. Haeckel R et al. Multicentre evaluation of the automated chemical analyser ACP 5040. Mitt Dtsche Ges Klin Chem 1980; 5: 194. Haeckel R et al. Multicentre evaluation of the automated chemical analyser ACP 6040. Klin Chem 1980; 5: 195. Hayashi S et al. The evaluation of Toshiba TBA-360, Shimadzu CL-I and Shimadzu DIASPAT. Jpn J Clin Lab Autom 1980; 5: 2, in Japanese. Hayashi S et al. An evaluation of the Toshiba TBA-880. J Clin Lab Inst Reag 1980; 4: 347, in Japanese. Howe LA et al. Evaluation of a Calbiochem Calprint System. The Clin Biochem Rev 1980; 1: 80. Kayamori Y et al. Evaluation of Shimadzu Cyclic Multi Analyser CL-l. J Clin Lab Inst Reag 1980; 13: 341, in Japanese. Marui Y et al. Application for JcaSI6. Jpn J Clin Lab Autom 1980; 5: 53, in Japanese. Parker NC, Cross RE. The Cobas Bio Roche Centrifugal Analyzer on evaluation. Clin Chem 1980; 26: 1074. Puukka R, Puukka M. Evaluation of the ‘c’ parallel analyser. J Autom Chem 1980; 2: 153. White R et al. The Abbott VP updated. The Clin Biochem Rev 1980; 1: 90. Yasuhara M et al. Evaluation of plastic bag type clinical analyser CL-700. Jpn J Clin Lab Autom 1980; 5: 36, in Japanese. 1981 De Graeve JS et al. Evaluation of the Cobas Bio Centrifugal Micro Analyzer. Clin Chem 1981; 27: 337. Department of Health and Social Security. An evaluation of the Technicon Quantachem. Moore GR et al. 1981. Elser RC, Carver CG. Evaluation of the operating characteristics of a bichromatic analyzer, the ABA-200. Clin Chem 1981; 27: 325. Hayashi S et al. A result from the use of Toshiba TBA-880. Med Rev (Toshiba) 1981; 5: 12, in Japanese with English abstract. Hull RM. Instrument Report. Ames Pacer Cadet. Lab World 1981; 32(4): 67. West PS et al. An evaluation of the Gemsaec 3E Centrifugal Analyser. J Autom Chem 1981; 3: 88. Yasaki H et al. Evaluation of the Shimadzu Multi-Channel Selective Stat Analyser CL-12. Jpn J Clin Lab Autom 1981; 6: 13, in Japanese.

3. Enzyme analysers 1976 Forrester RL et al. Comparison of the Gilford System 3500 with the Beckman System TR for the measurement of enzyme activity in patients’ serum. Clin Chem 1976; 22: 1172. Smit JL et al. Evaluation of the Vitatron AKES modification for optimal use in routine enzyme analysis. Clin Chim Acta 1976; 71: 371. 1977 Miyagi Y. Statistical analysis for multi-channel serum enzyme activities on JCA-N6R. Jpn J Clin Lab Autom 1977; 2: 20, in Japanese. Saunders RA et al. Technical bulletin 37: a survey of enzyme reaction rate analysers readily available in the United Kingdom. Ann Clin Biochem 1977; 14: 185. 1978 Collombel C. Mesure des activites enzymatiques en biologie clinique. Association An&ale des Etudiants en Pharmacie de Lyon, 8 Avenue Rockefeller 69008, Lyon, France. 1978. Hull RM. Instrument report: Clay Adams’ Enzac enzyme analyzer. Lab World 1978; 29(6): 53.

431F 1979 Department of Health and Social Security. Evaluation of LKB Clinicon Chemcode System. Di Michiel AD et al. 1979. Hull RM. Helena Clinical Cardio-Isoenzyme Unit (CCU). Lab World 1979; 30(5): 57. Szabo A, Morvay J. Measurement of hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and gamma glutamyl transferase activities and comparison of the precision of 4 instruments used in kinetic analysis. Clin Chim Acta 1979; 93: 340. 1981 McDowell TL et al. An evaluation Acta 1981; 110: 35.

of the temperature

control

system of the Centrifichem

400. Clin Chim

4. Dedicated instruments for analysis of: 4.1 Urea 1977 Australian Association of Clinical Biochemists. Evaluation of Beckman Urea Analyzer 2. 1977. Hansen DJ, Bretz NS. Evaluation of a semi-automated blood urea-nitrogen analyser. Clin Chem 1977; 23: 477. 1979 Georges R.J. Technicon C-201 Urea Analyser. South African Institute for Medical Research, PO Box 1038, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa. 1979. Heick HM et al. Use of Beckman Blood Urea Nitrogen Analyser to determine urine urea. Clin B&hem 1979; 12: 104. Shepherd M, Fraser C. Beckman BUN Analyzer 2 (urea in urine). Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia. Australian Association of Clinical Biochemists. 1979. 1980 Passey RB et al. Evaluation of three methods for the measurement six instruments. Am J Clin Path01 1980; 73: 362. I981 Collombel C. Analyseurs Specialists. Societe 69603 Villeurbanne, Cedex, France. 198 1.

Francaise

of urea nitrogen

de Biologie

Clinique,

in serum as used on

Hopital

des Charpennes,

4.2 Creatinine 1978 Aymard P. Evaluation of the Beckman Creatinine Analyser. Ann Clin Biol 1978; 36: 149. Chan DW, Yanick P, Rock RC. Evaluation of Beckman Creatinine Analyzer 2 on serum and amniotic fluid. Clin Chem 1978; 24: 1062. Iosefsohn M, Hicks JM, Lewis S. An evaluation 24: 1063.

of the Beckman

Creatinine

Analyzer

2. Clin Chem

1978;

1979 Cottrell DB, Frings CS. Evaluation of the Beckman Creatinine Analyzer 2. Clin Biochem 1979; 12: 159. Fraser CC, Sontrop ME. Assessment of the Beckman Creatinine Analyzer 2. Clin Biochem 1979; 12: 46. Hicks JM, Iosefsohn M, Lewis SA. Evaluation of the Beckman creatinine analyzer. Clin Chem 1979; 25: 1005.

432F

I981 Collombel C. Analyseurs Specialists. SocittC Francaise 69603 Villeurbanne, Cedex, France. 198 1.

de Biologie

Clinique,

Hopital

des Charpennes,

4.3 Glucose 1976 Alpert NL. Instrument Australian Association

Series Report No. 50. Model 23A glucose analyzer. Lab World 1976; 27: 8. of Clinical Biochemists. Evaluation of Yellow Springs glucose analyzer. 1976

1977 Australian

of Clinical

Association

Biochemists.

Evaluation

of Beckman

glucose analyzer

2. 1977.

1978 Chau KS, Tan IK. Plasma glucose measurement with the Yellow Springs glucose analyzer. Clin Chem 1978; 24: 150. Fogt EJ et al. Development and evaluation of a glucose analyser for a glucose controlled insulin infusion system (Biostator). Clin Chem 1978; 24: 1366. Mimouni M et al. Reliability of the eyetone instrument and the reflectance meter in instant blood glucose determinations. Isr J Med Sci 1978; 14: 319. Mimouni M et al. Comparison between the REFLOMAT reflectance meter and the AutoAnalyser for instant blood sugar measurements. Isr J Med Sci 1978; 14: 990. 1979 Fogt EJ et al. Evaluation of the Biostator Systems glucose analyzer. Horm Metab Res 1979; suppl 8: 18. Lim HH. An evaluation of the Beckman glucose analyser 2. Med J Malaysia 1979; 33: 317. 1980 Australian Association of Clinical Biochemists. Evaluation of Ames dextrometer. 1980. Department of Health and Social Security. Evaluation of the Hypocount and Glucochek portable blood glucose meters. Cramb R et al. 1980. Hamasaki N et al. Blood sugar determination using a ‘Hemascope system’. J Jpn Diab Sot 1980; 23: 901, in Japanese with English abstract. Kato T. An evaluation of automated glucose analyser ‘Glucoroder-C’. Biomedical Journal 1980; 4: 543, in Japanese. Webb DJ et al. Blood glucose monitors: a laboratory and patient assessment. Br Med J 1980; 1: 362. 1981 Collombel C. Analyseurs Specialis&. Socitte Francaise de Biologie Clinique, Hopital des Charpennes, 69603 Villeurbanne, CL?dex, France. 198 1. Kobayashi N et al. An evaluation of glucose analyser ‘Glucose Auto & Stat GA-l 110’ with whole blood samples. Biomedical Journal 1981; 5: 151, in Japanese. Steinbeck K et al. Home blood glucose analysers. A consumer survey. Med J Aust 1981; 2: 128.

4.4

Urea/creatinine/glucose

1977 Georges RJ. Evaluation of IL919 glucose, urea and creatinine analyser. Medical Research, PO Box 1038, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa. 1977. Potezny N et al. Assessment of the Beckman System 1. Ann Clin Biochem

South

African

1977; 14: 288.

Institute

for

433F 1978 Alpert NL. Instrument Series Report: Beckman System 1 Glucose/BUN Analyzer. Lab World 1978; 29, 33. Jensen GR. Beckman glucose and BUN discrete analyzers. Am J Med Technol 1978; 44, 1078. 1979 Brody BB et al. In-depth evaluation of the Kodak Ektachem glucose blood urea nitrogen analyzer cerebral spinal fluid and urine glucose analysis. Clin Chem 1979; 25: 1125. Haeckel R, Sonntag 0, Petry K. An evaluation of the Kodak Ektachem system for the determination glucose and urea. J Autom Chem 1979; 1: 273.

for of

1980 Cate JC et al. Evaluation of an engineering model of the ‘Ektachem’ analyzer for glucose and urea assay. Clin Chem 1980; 26: 266. Warren K et al. The multilayered film analyzer: glucose in serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine; and urea nitrogen in serum and plasma. Clin Chem 1980; 26: 133. 1981 Bandi ZL et al. Extended clinical trial and evaluation of urea nitrogen determination with the Ektachem GLU/BUN Analyzer. Clin Chem 1981; 27: 480. Bandi ZL et al. Extended clinical trial and evaluation of glucose determination with the Eastman Kodak Ektachem GLU/BUN analyzer. Clin Chem 1981; 27: 27. Collombel C. Analyseurs Specialis&. Socitte Francaise de Biologic Clinique, Hopital des Charpennes, 69603 Villeurbanne, Cedex, France. 198 1.

4.5 Calcium I978 Larsson L, Ohman 24: 731.

S. Evaluation

of the ‘Space Stat 20 ionized calcium

1979 Ferreira P, Bold AM. Clinical laboratory Chem 1979; 1: 94.

evaluation

analyser’

(letter). Clin Chem 1978;

of the Orion SS 20 ionized calcium

analyser.

J Autom

1980 Fuchs C. Laboratory evaluation of Nova-2, a new instrument for the routine measurement of ionized calcium. Clin Chem 1980; 26: 1011. Fyffe JA et al. An evaluation of the Nova 2 ionized calcium instrument. J Autom Chem 1980; 2: 85. Staley M. Evaluation of the precision system Calcette calcium analyser. Biochemistry Department, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Australian Association of Clinical Biochemists. 1980. 1981 Fyffe JA et al. Further electrode evaluation of the Nova ionized calcium instrument. J Autom Chem 198 1; 3, 97. Stuart AL et al. Ionized calcium in serum: assessment of the Nova 2 ionized calcium analyser, Newsletter, Laboratory Centre for Disease Control, 1981. Laboratory Centre for Disease Control, Ottawa, Canada. 1981. Toppaletti J et al. The Worthington ‘Ultra Free’ Device evaluated for determination of ultrafiltrable calcium in serum. Clin Chem 198 1; 27: 466.

434F

4.6 Bilirubin 1976 Department of Health Cowan PG. 1976.

and Social Security.

1981 Schreiner RL et al. Evaluation Pediatr Res 1981; 15: 680.

of the Minolta

Comparative

evaluation

of three bilirubinometers.

bilirubin

meter screening

Piper RF,

device in white and black infants.

5. Blood gas analysers 1976 Australian Association of Clinical Biochemists. Evaluation of the Radiometer ABL 11. 1976. Soutter WP et al. An evaluation of the AVL 937C blood gas and pH microanalyser. Br J Anesth 1211.

1976; 48:

1977 Barclay J. Technicon BG. A new instrument for blood gas analysis. Isr J Med Sci 1977; 13: 432. Flick MR, Block AJ. Continuous in viva measurement of arterial oxygen saturation by oximetry. Heart Lung 1977; 6: 990. Jacobsen E. Some experiences with automatic acid-base measurement in a department of anaesthesia. Stand J Clin Lab Invest 1977; 37: 41. Scholer A. Experience with the Technicon BG blood gas analyzer during 6 months of routine work. Isr J Med Sci 1977; 13: 432. Scoggin C, Nett L, Petty TL. Clinical evaluation of a new ear oximeter. Heart Lung 1977; 6: 121. Siggaard-Andersen 0. Experiences with a new direct reading oxygen saturation photometer using ultrasound for hemolyzing the blood. Stand J Clin Lab Invest 1977; 37: 45. 1978 Beran AV et al. In vitro evaluations of monopolar intravascular oxygen sensors. J Appl Physiol 1978; 44: 969. Winckers EK et al. A comparative study of the electrode systems of three pH and blood gas apparatus. J Clin Chem Clin B&hem 1978; 16: 175. 1979 Department analysers -

of Health and Social Security. Corning 175, Instrumentation

A comparative evaluation of three automated pH/blood gas Laboratories 613 and Radiometer ABLZ. Garvey K. 1979.

1980 Department of Health and Social Security. An evaluation of the Technicon BG II blood gas analyser. Garvey K, Broughton PMG. 1980. Feuillu A, Catheline M, Le Treut A. Interlaboratory precision and relative accuracy of mechanised and non-mechanised systems for blood gas analysis. J Autom Chem 1980; 2: 90. Massaro TA et al. Non-polographic blood gas analysis, 11 I. In vitro evaluation of mass spectrometer catheters. Biomater Med Devices Artif Organs 1980; 8: 169. 1981 Hull RM. Instrument report. Corning 168 pH/blood gas analyser. Lab World 1981; 32(8): 63. Kofstad J. A comparison of four different blood gas analysers. Stand J Clin Lab Invest 1981; 41: 409.

6. Electrolyte systems 1977 Alpert NL. Instrument Series Report No. 60. Beckman and IL chloride/carbon dioxide analyzers. Lab World 1977; 28(10): 25. Alpert NL. Instrument Series Report No. 61. Laboratory experience with chloride/carbon dioxide analyzers. Lab World 1977; 28(11): 27. Buttery JE et al. Evaluation of the Harleco carbon dioxide apparatus. Clin Biochem 1977; 10: 102. Meier PC et al. Review: ion-specific electrodes in clinical chemistry. Med Prog Technol 1977; 5: 1. 1978 Department of Health and Social Security. Evaluation of the Corning 460 automatic flame photometer. Nickless GG. 1978. Jacklyn CL, Kriz CD, MacAuley HA. A comparison of serum electrolyte results by Technicon’s Flame III and Flame IV autoanalyzer systems. Clin Biochem 1978; 11: 10. Kwak YS et al. A long term evaluation of Technicon Stat-ion System flameless electrolyte analyzer. Clin Chem 1978; 24: 1061. Lam CW, Tank IK. Evaluation of the Harleco Micro CO2 system for measurement of total CO2 in serum or plasma. Clin Chem 1978; 24: 143. Lustgarten JA et al. Evaluation of a completely automated totally ion selective electrolyte analyzer. Clin Chem 1978; 24: 1062. MacAuley HA et al. A comparison of serum electrolyte results by the Flame III autoanalyser and a Flame IV autoanalyser which utilises curve regeneration with a data acquisition system. Clin Biochem 1978; 11: 23. Von Hilgenfeldt J, Gunther E. Vergleichende Untersuchung der Electrolyt-Automaten 5050 der Firma Eppendorf und FL6, Firma Zeiss. Dtsch Ges Klin Chemie 1978; 2: 62. 1979 Department of Health and Social Security. Evaluation of the Corning Model 435 flamephotometer. Syme M, Neil1 DW. 1979. Department of Health and Social Security. Multistat I evaluation - technical and analytical performance. Stevens JF. 1979. Elin RJ et al. Comparison of 4 electrolyte instruments using a standard protocol. Clin Chem 1979; 25: 1115. Georges RJ. Nova 1 sodium/potassium analyser. South African Institute for Medical Research, PO Box 1038, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa. 1979. Ladenson JH. Evaluation of an instrument Nova-l for direct potentiometric analysis of sodium and potassium in blood and their indirect potentiometric determination in urine. Clin Chem 1979; 25: 755. Preusse CM, Fuchs C. Klinische Anwendbarkeit Ioneselektiver Electroden in Vergleich zur Flammenphotometrie fur die NaC und K+ Bestimmung in Serum (Orion SS 30, Stat-ion Technicon). J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1979: 17: 639. 1980 Department of Health and Social Security. A laboratory evaluation of the Space Stat 30 Ion Selective Electrode Analyser for sodium and potassium determination. Bagshawe PL, Owen G. 1980. Department of Health and Social Security. A laboratory evaluation of the NOVA I ion selective electrode analyser for sodium and potassium determination. Annan W et al. 1980. Fievet P et al. Response of ion-selective sodium and potassium electrodes in the Beckman Astra 4 and Astra 8 analyzers. Clin Chem 1980; 26: 138. Hartmann AE, Fillbach JR. Evaluation of the Astra 4 new microprocessor controlled electrolyte analyzer. Am J Clin Path01 1980; 74: 275. McLean SW et al. Comparison of four electrolyte instruments using the proposed NCCLS protocol for evaluation of precision and accuracy of automated instruments. Clin Biochem 1980; 13: 164.

436F Secombe JW, Balazs ND. An evaluation of the Nova 1 Na/K analyser. The Clin Biochem Rev 1980; 1: 81. Targett P. Evaluation of the Beckman Astra-4. Commonwealth Pathology Laboratory, Howick Street. Launceston, Tasmania, 7250, Australia. 1980. Truchard A et al. Parallel evaluation of Astra 8 and Astra 4 multichannel analyzers in hospital laboratories. Clin Chem 1980; 26: 139. 1981 Hull RM. Instrument report. Nova 1 Analyzer. An ion selective electrode analyzer. Lab World 1981; 32(6): 47. Smith M, Little AJ, Payne RP. An evaluation of the first production model of the Rank Hilger Chemispek Multichannel electrolyte analyser. Ann Clin Biochem 1981; 18: 15.

7. Radioimmunoassay

systems

1977 Forrest GC. Development system. Ann Clin Biochem

and application 1977; 14: 1.

of a fully automated

continuous

flow radioimmunoassay

1978 Department of Health and Social Security. Survey of gamma counters available in the UK. Jennings RD. 1978. Department of Health and Social Security. Evaluation of the Union Carbide Centria radioimmunoassay system (with costing study). Meadham MR, Wilde CE. 1978. 1979 Alpert NL. Instrument series Report No. 59. PACE-l Gamma System. Lab World 1979; 28(9): IO. Collins AE. Evaluation of the NE 1600 Gamma Counter. Commonwealth Pathology Laboratory, Uralba Street, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia. 1979. Kim H et al. Micromedic Systems’ Concept 4 automatic radioassay. Lab World 1979; 30(5): 50. Tilton RC. Becton Dickinson ARIA 11. Lab World 1979; 30: 41. Valdes RJE. Performance assessment of the Gammaflo automated radioimmunoassay system by assaying for digoxin. Clin Chem 1979; 25: 1250. 1980 Portnoy 48.

AL, Harrigan

T. Instrument

report:

Union

Carbide

Centria

System 2. Lab World

1981 Department of Health and Social Security. Evaluation of the Gilson Analymat 1981. Department of Health and Social Security. An evaluation of the Technicon system. Smith PA et al. 1981.

1980; 31(7):

system. Orr H, Polanska STAR

I.

radioimmunoassay

8. Spectrophotometers 1976 Pardue HL, Mieling G. Evaluation analyses. Clin Chem 1976; 22: 1160.

of a computerized

stopped

flow spectrophotometer

for kinetic

1977 Pardue HL, Felkel HL. Design and evaluation of an echelle-Vidicon spectrometer for simultaneous multi-element determinations. In: Brown SL, ed. Clinical chemistry and chemical toxicology of metals. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North-Holland, 1977.

43lF Picciolo GL et al. Performance characteristics of a new photometer with a moving luminescence assay. Appl Environ Microbial 1977; 34: 720. Stux RL et al. Improved spectrometer evaluated. Clin Chem 1977; 23: 1359, letter.

filter

tape

for

1978 Felkel HL Jr, Pardue HL. Evaluation of an echelle spectrometer/image dissector system for simultaneous multi-element determinations by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Clin Chem 1978; 24: 602. McMurray CH, Blanchflower WJ. High speed automated atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Clin Chem 1978; 24: 344. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Standard for determining spectrophotometer performance criteria. NCCLS Tentative Standard: TX-3. NCCLS, 771 E. Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA. 1978. 1979 Akiyama A et al. A review of the clinical evaluation Clin Chem 1979; 25: 1128.

data for Liquid-Stat

on various

spectrophotometers.

1980 Haeckel R et al. Provisional guidelines for listing specifications of spectrometers. Clin Chim Acta 1980; 103: 249F. Department of Health and Social Security. A short evaluation of the Eppendorf PC6121 spectral line photometer. Eldridge PH, Stevens JF. 1980. Stevens JF. Accuracy and linearity of spectrophotometers in clinical chemistry laboratories. Ann Clin Biochem 1980; 17: 87.

9. Nephelometers I977 Alpert NL. Instrument Series Report No. 58. Laser nephelometer PDQ. Lab World 1977; 28(8): 14. Australian Association of Clinical Biochemists. Evaluation of the Hoechst laser nephelometer. 1977. Australian Association of Clinical Biochemists. Evaluation of the Hyland laser nephelometer. 1977. Daigneault R, Lemieux D. Evaluation of the Behring laser nephelometer. Clin Biochem 1977; 10: 5. Sternberg JC. A rate nephelometer for measuring specific proteins by immunoprecipitin reactions. Clin Chem 1977; 23: 1456. 1978 Daigneault R, Lemieux D. Evaluation of a Behring laser-nephelometer prototype in the measurement of IgG, IgA and IgM. Clin Biochem 1978; 11: 28. Hull RM. Instrument report: Beckman immunochemistry analyzer. A new generation nephelometer. Lab World 1978; 29(7): 33. Whither JT, Perry DE, Hobbs JR. An evaluation of the Hyland laser nephelometer PDQ system for the measurement of immunoglobulins. Ann Clin Biochem 1978; 15: 77. 1979 Department of Health and Social Security. An evaluation of the Behring laser nephelometer for the routine assay of serum immunoglobulins. Perry DE, Whither JT, Sellwood SM. 1979. Department of Health and Social Security. An evaluation of the Kallestad nephelometer for the measurement of proteins. Whither JT et al. 1979. Department of Health and Social Security. An evaluation of the Beckman immunochemistry system for the routine analysis of serum immunoglobulins. Perry DE, Sellwood M, Whither JT. 1979. Okuda K et al. An evaluation of the ‘Nephelotek’. Biomedical Journal 1979; 3: 681, in Japanese. Walsh RL, Coles ME, Geary TD. Evaluation of 2 commercially available laser nephelometers. Clin Chem 1979; 25: 151.

438F 1980 Blanchard GC, Gardner R. Two nephelometric methods (Behring-Hyland) compared with a radial immunodiffusion method for the measurement of IgG, lgA, and IgM. Clin Biochem 1980; 13: 84. Shulman G. Comparison of the specific protein assays in biological fluids by radial immunodiffusion and laser nephelometer (Hyland). Clin Biochem 1980; 12: 123. 1981 Desjarlais F, Daigneault R. Basic characteristics and evalutation of a partially automated Behring laser nephelometer for the measurement of IgG, IgA, IgM and C3c in serum. Clin Biochem 198 1; 14: 5 1.

10. Fluorometers 1977 Bablouzian

B, Fasman

GD. A new differential

spectrofluorometer.

Anal Biochem

1977; 77: 79.

1978 Australian Association of Clinical Biochemists. Evaluation of FIAX 199 System. 1978. Hull RM. Instrument report: international diagnostic technology FIAX system. Lab World 79.

1978; 29( 11):

11. Densitometers 1977 Alpert N. Instrument Alpert N. Instrument

Series Report No. 55: Scanning densitometers, Series Report No. 56: Scanning densitometers,

1978 Hull RM. Instrument

Report:

Corning

Part I. Lab World 1977; 28(5): 20. Part II. Lab World 1977; 28(6): 20.

720 fluorometer/densitometer.

Lab World

1978; 29: 31.

1980 Bullock DG et al. An assessment of the Corning electrophoretic procedure for high density lipoprotein cholesterol estimation. Ann Clin Biochem 1980; 17: 148. Cook S. Evaluation of the Corning 720 fluorometer/densitometer. Commonwealth Pathology Laboratory, Wilmott Street, Toowoomba, Qld, 4350, Australia, 1980. Dawson P, Cook S. Appraisal of GELMAN ACD 18 computing densitometer. Commonwealth Pathology Laboratory, Wilmott Street, Toowoomba, Qld, 4350, Australia. 1980. Horton CW, Tuttle L. Evaluation of the Corning 720 fluorometer/densitometer. Commonwealth Pathology Laboratory, The Esplanade, Cairns, Qld, 4870, Australia. 1980. Murnain J. Field study: GELMAN ACD 18 computing densitometer. Commonwealth Pahtology Laboratory, Uralba Street, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia. 1980.

12. Chromatography 1979 Fenimore DC et al. Nickel gas chromatography Chromatogr 1979; 140: 9.

columns:

an alternative

to glass for biological

1980 Dash MJ. A field study of a Varian HPLC. Commonwealth Pathology Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia. 1980. Dawson P. An assessment of the performance of two HPLC systems. Laboratory. Wilmott Street. Toowoomba, Qld, 4350, Australia. 1980.

Laboratory,

samples.

Uralba

Commonwealth

Street,

Pathology

J

439F

Department of Health and Social Security. Survey of HPLC equipment available in the United Kingdom. Jennings RD. 1980. Hiatt MK, Kiser El. Liquid chromatography, a review of methods and equipment. Lab World 1980; 31(8): 39.

13. Miscellaneous I977 Mellars

B. The Micro Compupet:

a multichannel

diluter and dispenser.

J Clin Pathol

1977; 30: 390.

1978 Krottinger DL. High speed, automatic dispenser/diluter or dual pipette mixer. J Autom Chem 1978; 1: 15. Department of Health and Social Security. Evaluation of the Wescor 5100 B vapour pressure osmometer. James JL. 1978. 1979 Fuhr J. The fully mechanised serum-protein elektrophoresis with the Olympus-HITE system. Sonderdruck aus: GIT Labor-Medizin 1979; 2: 139. Georges RJ. Osmette. South African Institute for Medical Research, PO Box 1038. Johannesburg 2000, South Africa. 1979. 1980 Hull RM. Instrument report. Precision Systems’ Osmette Model 5004. Lab World 1980; 31( 1): 19. Warner BD. Construction and evaluation of a sensitive, inexpensive pH stat/titrator system. Anal Biochem 1980; 106: 175. 1981 Boyne P et al. Evaluation of the Wescor vapour pressure osmometer. Aust J Med Lab Sci 1981; 2: 79. Hull RM. Instrument report. Separating table top centrifuges. Lab World 1981; 32(2): 57.