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Evaluation of KIM-1, Cystatin-C and glomerular filtration rate in schoolchildren exposed to inorganic fluoride
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 259S (2016) S73–S247
expertise in different aspects of toxicology and the joint service gives an opportunity for experts to share their knowledge. Conclusion: The joint Poisons Information Helpline has resulted in a better-quality service. This service is unique to Africa and other developing countries should be encouraged to use a similar model for networking and sharing of resources and expertise. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.07.334 PP10.7 Analysis of metabolites of benzene, toluene and xylene in children from Salamanca, Mexico I. Enciso 1 , F.C. Durán 1 , J.M. López 2 , R. Costilla 2 , J.A. Alegría 1 , G. Jiménez 1 , Rocha Do 1 1
DCNE, UG, Guanajuato, Mexico 2 DICIVA, UG, Guanajuato, Mexico
Introduction: The city of Salamanca is part of the industrial corridor of the state of Guanajuato (Mexico). In the area are located industries related to petrochemical and chemical production. These activities cause the release of environmental pollutants such as Benzene, Toluene and Xylene that may impact in the health status of the population especially children as a vulnerable group. Objective: Evaluate the levels of metabolites of benzene, toluene and xilene, trans, trans-muconic acid (ttMA), hipuric acid (HA) and metil hipuric acid (MHA) respectively in urine samples from children residents from Salamanca, Mexico. Materials and methods: The sample included 112 children (6–12 years old) from 4 different schools around the city of Salamanca. All the children answered a survey with the aim to obtain information about their habits and how they are exposed to these compounds. The levels of ttMA, HA and MHA were measured in urine samples. The extraction of ttMA was performed by Solid Phase Extraction following Ducos’ methodology and for the HA and MHA was following the NIOSH 8301 methodology. The quantification of the three metabolites was by HPLC. Results: For Toluene and Xylene metabolites, the levels founded were lowest to Mexican and International Laws. For benzene, 18.75% of population exceeds the 170 g/g of creatinine (expected value in urban population according reported studies in other cities), while 5.36% exceed the 500 g/g of creatinine (maximum allowed level for occupational exposition). The levels found for each compound was 135.37 (±16.83) g/g of creatinine, 0.04 (±0.003) g/g of creatinine and 0.013 (±0.0004) g/g of creatinine for ttMA, HA and MHA respectively. Conclusions: The results obtained for HA and MHA show that exposure of the population to these compounds corresponds to normal levels for a urban population; however, the levels found for ttMA despite being a minimum percentage which exceeds the norm, it is of concern because this is occupational exposure. Financial support: CONCyTEG, (2014); DAIP (2015); CONACYT (Children Environmental Health Network (251229/271626). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.07.335
S131
PP10.8 Evaluation of KIM-1, Cystatin-C and glomerular filtration rate in schoolchildren exposed to inorganic fluoride M.I. Jiménez-Córdova 1 , M.C. González-Horta 2 , G. ˜ 1, Aguilar-Madrid 3 , A. Barrera-Hernández 1 , L.C. Sanchez-Pena 1 1 O.C. Barbier , L.M. Del Razo 1
Toxicología, Cinvestav-IPN. México City., México Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico 3 Salud en el Trabajo, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México City, Mexico 2
Introduction: Inorganic fluoride (F− ) is widely distributed in the environment. It has been estimated that more than 200 million people worldwide are exposed to elevated levels of F− (>1.5 mg/L) through drinking water. Children are a risk group susceptible to health effects by F− exposure. Experimental data and some epidemiological studies have shown renal toxic effects induced by F− exposure. However, the information in susceptible populations such as children is limited. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate in a children population the association between F− exposure and early biomarkers of kidney injury using urinary levels of Kidney Injury Molecule 1 (KIM-1), Cystatin-C (Cys-C) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 417 Mexican children (5–13 years old) selected from two public elementary schools located in two communities from Chihuahua state: Hidalgo del Parral which were exposed to 0.32 ± 0.5 mgF- /L and Aldama with 1.38 ± 1.1 mgF- /L in drinking water. Concentration of F− in water and urine were measured by potentiometry, using an F− ion-selective electrode. We assessed kidney function measuring urinary concentrations of KIM-1 and Cys-C by a microsphere immunoassay (Luminex technology), and determined the eGFR using creatinine serum concentrations. Results: Our results showed a positive correlation between urine and water F− concentrations. Urinary levels of Cys-C in the control and exposed populations were 41.07 ± 32 ng/mL and 50.6 ± 33 ng/mL, respectively, and KIM-1 concentrations were 230 ± 455 pg/mL and 278.9 ± 329 pg/mL, respectively. While eGFR were very similar between both populations. Also we evaluated the association between urinary F− levels and the excretion of KIM-1 and Cys-C as well as eGFR by multiple regression analysis. Conclusion: This data helps in the assessment of F− exposure and kidney injury in childhood. This early exposure may contribute to the development of diseases in adultness. Financial support: This study was partially supported by Children Environmental Health Network (Conacyt-251229/271626). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.07.336
expertise in different aspects of toxicology and the joint service gives an opportunity for experts to share their knowledge. Conclusion: The joint Poisons Information Helpline has resulted in a better-quality service. This service is unique to Africa and other developing countries should be encouraged to use a similar model for networking and sharing of resources and expertise. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.07.334 PP10.7 Analysis of metabolites of benzene, toluene and xylene in children from Salamanca, Mexico I. Enciso 1 , F.C. Durán 1 , J.M. López 2 , R. Costilla 2 , J.A. Alegría 1 , G. Jiménez 1 , Rocha Do 1 1
DCNE, UG, Guanajuato, Mexico 2 DICIVA, UG, Guanajuato, Mexico
Introduction: The city of Salamanca is part of the industrial corridor of the state of Guanajuato (Mexico). In the area are located industries related to petrochemical and chemical production. These activities cause the release of environmental pollutants such as Benzene, Toluene and Xylene that may impact in the health status of the population especially children as a vulnerable group. Objective: Evaluate the levels of metabolites of benzene, toluene and xilene, trans, trans-muconic acid (ttMA), hipuric acid (HA) and metil hipuric acid (MHA) respectively in urine samples from children residents from Salamanca, Mexico. Materials and methods: The sample included 112 children (6–12 years old) from 4 different schools around the city of Salamanca. All the children answered a survey with the aim to obtain information about their habits and how they are exposed to these compounds. The levels of ttMA, HA and MHA were measured in urine samples. The extraction of ttMA was performed by Solid Phase Extraction following Ducos’ methodology and for the HA and MHA was following the NIOSH 8301 methodology. The quantification of the three metabolites was by HPLC. Results: For Toluene and Xylene metabolites, the levels founded were lowest to Mexican and International Laws. For benzene, 18.75% of population exceeds the 170 g/g of creatinine (expected value in urban population according reported studies in other cities), while 5.36% exceed the 500 g/g of creatinine (maximum allowed level for occupational exposition). The levels found for each compound was 135.37 (±16.83) g/g of creatinine, 0.04 (±0.003) g/g of creatinine and 0.013 (±0.0004) g/g of creatinine for ttMA, HA and MHA respectively. Conclusions: The results obtained for HA and MHA show that exposure of the population to these compounds corresponds to normal levels for a urban population; however, the levels found for ttMA despite being a minimum percentage which exceeds the norm, it is of concern because this is occupational exposure. Financial support: CONCyTEG, (2014); DAIP (2015); CONACYT (Children Environmental Health Network (251229/271626). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.07.335
S131
PP10.8 Evaluation of KIM-1, Cystatin-C and glomerular filtration rate in schoolchildren exposed to inorganic fluoride M.I. Jiménez-Córdova 1 , M.C. González-Horta 2 , G. ˜ 1, Aguilar-Madrid 3 , A. Barrera-Hernández 1 , L.C. Sanchez-Pena 1 1 O.C. Barbier , L.M. Del Razo 1
Toxicología, Cinvestav-IPN. México City., México Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico 3 Salud en el Trabajo, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México City, Mexico 2
Introduction: Inorganic fluoride (F− ) is widely distributed in the environment. It has been estimated that more than 200 million people worldwide are exposed to elevated levels of F− (>1.5 mg/L) through drinking water. Children are a risk group susceptible to health effects by F− exposure. Experimental data and some epidemiological studies have shown renal toxic effects induced by F− exposure. However, the information in susceptible populations such as children is limited. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate in a children population the association between F− exposure and early biomarkers of kidney injury using urinary levels of Kidney Injury Molecule 1 (KIM-1), Cystatin-C (Cys-C) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 417 Mexican children (5–13 years old) selected from two public elementary schools located in two communities from Chihuahua state: Hidalgo del Parral which were exposed to 0.32 ± 0.5 mgF- /L and Aldama with 1.38 ± 1.1 mgF- /L in drinking water. Concentration of F− in water and urine were measured by potentiometry, using an F− ion-selective electrode. We assessed kidney function measuring urinary concentrations of KIM-1 and Cys-C by a microsphere immunoassay (Luminex technology), and determined the eGFR using creatinine serum concentrations. Results: Our results showed a positive correlation between urine and water F− concentrations. Urinary levels of Cys-C in the control and exposed populations were 41.07 ± 32 ng/mL and 50.6 ± 33 ng/mL, respectively, and KIM-1 concentrations were 230 ± 455 pg/mL and 278.9 ± 329 pg/mL, respectively. While eGFR were very similar between both populations. Also we evaluated the association between urinary F− levels and the excretion of KIM-1 and Cys-C as well as eGFR by multiple regression analysis. Conclusion: This data helps in the assessment of F− exposure and kidney injury in childhood. This early exposure may contribute to the development of diseases in adultness. Financial support: This study was partially supported by Children Environmental Health Network (Conacyt-251229/271626). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.07.336