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Evaluation of rear-end collision avoidance system
324
Abstracts
accuracy of preceding process. @ abnormal involute error developed on the teeth flanks after honing, and @ an increase in cost due to not only additional process but also high cutting tool cost. In conjunction with the introduction of honing for the new Familia, these problems were solved by developing a honing machine and elucidating the principles of tooth engagement for internal skew gears. 9535747 High Precision Gear Shaving - Some Improvements For Shaving Cutter Yasuharu Onishi, Teiichiro Ishihara (Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd.) To realize the stable production of high precision gears required for the silent transmission units by the shaving process in the mass production line, we have improved some matters mainly about the shaving cutters in the gear shaving process. In the process of investigation, we noticed the machinability and rigidity of the cutter blades examined the best value of them to obtain high precision of the tooth surface profile and recognized the effects among the actual gear cutting. 9535756 Flexible Machining Line for Automatic Transmission Case Tetsuro Miki, Shinya Nakao (Mitsubishi Motors Corporation) On starting to produce our new automatic transmission “I N V E C S -11” last autumn, we made various machining and assembly lines based on the concept to make “New Generation production lines-flexible, large production volume lines adapted both Volume Change and Wide variations”. Here we introduce our new transmission case machining line, especially following 4 points. BACKGROUNDS, NEEDS, when line planed, SYSTEMS and EQUIPMENTS to realize our new concept. Effect of Oil Hole Drill at High Speed Cutting - As for 9535765 Drill Shape and Coolant System Hiroshi Oozeki, Hideo Hasegawa, Kazuo Honma, Tadashi Hatsuya (Isuzu Motors Ltd.) Alminum is Often Applied in Car Parts in Recent Years. Progress of Tooling, Holder, Coolant System and Machine Tool Technology have made it Possible to do Successfully High Speed Drilling of Alminum. Inner Coolant System, which is of Considerable use, is being Applied to High Speed Drilling. But a Detailed Analysis is not done about the Effect of Oil Hole Drill at High Speed Drilling. This Report Analyse the Effect of Oil Hole Drill at High Speed Drilling as for Drill Shape and Coolant System. 9535774 Efficient Cutting using Coated Solid Endmill - High Speed and High Feed cutting using Solid Endmill of (Ti,AlAI)N Coatings Takeshi Hirose (Mitsubishi Materials Corporation) Until recently, we have always had a serious problem of chipping in machining steel and cast iron with cemented carbide solid endmill. However, up-to-date endmills with improved geometries and material grade enable us to fabricate steel and cast iron more efficiently. We have also succeeded in developing an advanced cemented carbide solid endmill. They feature (Ti,Al)N coating and an ideal geometries for manufacturing high hardness materials. This paper reports and examines the results of several experiments of our endmill under various conditions. 9535783 Development of Automatic Measuring Machine for Tapped Holes Kiyoshi Hasegawa, Ryuji Fukada (Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.) The inspection of tapped holes at the machining line has traditionally been done manually using a thread plug gauge. Consequently, such inspection process requires a considerable number of man-hours and is not suitable for quantitative measurements. An automatic measuring machine for tapped holes has been developed that adopts a new non-contact procedure to overcome these drawbacks. This paper describes the measuring principle of the new machine and presents typical examples of its application. It also describes a portable measuring device that is now being developed based on the new automatic measuring machine.
9535792 High Speed Milling of Steel and Tool Life - Tool Life of CBN Ball End Mill Tadahiro Ikeda, (Niigata Engineering Co., Ltd.), Toshitaka Matsuoka, (Matsuoka Engineering Consultants Office Ltd.), Takeo Nakagawa (Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo) The authors are investigating to establish high speed finish milling technique with minute pick-feed command for curved surface of die & mould parts at 1000 m/min cutting speed and 10 m/min feed rate, which can reduce manual polishing process consequently. New type ball end mill for above mentioned purpose is developed and is proved to obtain sufficient tool life, cutting surface roughness. 9535800 Development of Steel Honeycomb Structure into Body and Parts Kunio Ohya, (Honda R&D Co. Ltd), Toshifumi Thushihasi (The Yokohama Rubber Co. Ltd) The basic feature of the Honeycomb structure are light weight, high rigidity and energy absorptivity. In order to apply this feature to vehicle body and parts. We developed and hold for the new technologys (Zinc coated steel foil honeycomb product process voluntary crush forming body paint operation bonding), and certified effective elementary test data. 9535819 Estimation of Model Parameters for Reconstructing Traffic Accidents Hadji Hosseinlou M., Nakatsuji T., Hagiwara T. (Hokkaido University) Abstract. The main purpose of this study is to present a method how to estimate model parameters for reconstructing of traffic accidents; the normal and tangential restitution coefficients at impact and the friction coefficient, slip ratio and steering angle after impact. Box’s complex algorithm was applied to this estimation. In order to examine the validity of this method, some artificial and actually observed traffic accident data were analyzed. From this study, it was concluded that the method was effective in estimating impact and driving simulation parameters. Three-dimensional Behavior of Vehicle at Oblique Side 9535828 Collision - Computer Simulation Using Dynamical Model Makoto Abe, Masaaki Morisawa, Kazuhiro Arai (Musashi Institute of Technology), Takeshi B. Sato (Keio Gijuku University) This study examined the three-dimensional behavior of two vehicles when they collided obliquely during running at the same speed, by a computer simulation using dynamical models. The behavior was pursued till both vehicles came to a complete stop. Computational result well agreed with the real experiment data. Then, both vehicles’ deceleration, max, roll angles, deformation forms, etc. till at the time of stopping were calculated when the collision speed, angle and position were changed. It was found that the results of both vehicles’ deformation forms were differ qualitatively by a starting condition of collision. 9535837 Simulation of Cervical Motion Due to Head Inertia Loading in Rear-End Collisions Tomoyasu Matsushita, Takeshi B. Sato (Keio University), Kiyoshi Hirabayashi (Keio Junior College of Nursing) A two-dimensional mathematical model of the crania-cervical complex was developed to predict a dynamic behaviour of the human cervical motion during low speed rear-end collisions, and may provide an insight into the mechanism of neck injury. This model incorporated mechanical analogies for the intervertebral disks, ligaments and articular facets. An examination of the loading distribution in the cervical spine showed that maximums were reached during full extension phase and were of greatest magnitude in the C4/C5 region. 9535846 Evaluation of Rear-End Collision Avoidance System Nobuaki Takubo (National Research Institute of Police Science) Aim of this study is to evaluate influence of a collision avoidance system(CAS) on rear-end collision. In this study, the CAS means automatic braking systems which work for longitudinal vehicle motion. We simulate effect of rear-end collision avoidance of the vehicle with CAS included in a group of some vehicles without CAS, using Monte Carlo
Abstracts
method. As a result, CAS generally reduces number of accidents and serious injuries on the vehicle with CAS itself. Also it prevents serious accidents on other vehicles in same group. However, if CAS has far better capability from human braking. CAS would increase other vehicles accidents and injuries. 9535855 On-Off Control of Braking System for Rear-End Collision Avoidance - Simulation Test and Driving Test Tetsuhiro Umeda, Katsuki Yamamoto, Kazuo Matsushima (Traffic Safety and Nuisance Research Institute) In order to avoid rear-end collision a braking system was developed which apply the brake automattically when getting close to the other car and cancel braking when in the safety area, which can also control accelerater. In this paper, practical application of this system to a car, control logic, simulation test without distance measuring instrument, driving test using it on the proving ground and these test results are discussed. 9535864 Noise Source Identification on an Operating Vehicle by Acoustic Holography - Part I: Investigation of Noise Source Identification Accuracy by using Mock-Up Tires Ichiro Sakamoto, Takeharu Tanaka (Traffic Safety and Nuisance Research Institute), Tatsuya Miyake (The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd.) In this study, a feasibility of the acoustic holography method to identify a tire noise source on an operating vehicle is investigated. Three mock-up tires of which pitch noise frequencies can be specified from the vehicle velocity were made. The mock-up tires were equipped to a passenger vehicle and tire pitch noise was measured by the acoustic holography system at the test site. Moreover, the passenger car equipped with the mock-up tires was fixed on rollers of the chassis dynamometer in semi-anechoic room and tire pitch noise was measured by the sound intensity system near the tire side. The results of the acoustic holography were compared with those of the sound intensity. 9535873 Tire/Road Noise under the Effect of Driving Force Measuring by 2-Microphone Sound Intensity Technique Tetsuo Mikami, Yasuo Oshino (Japan Automobile Research Institute) The tire/road noise under accelerating conditions was measured by 2-microphone sound intensity technique. The noise with the increase of driving force has been investigated for several different tires. The results show that it is possible to measure tire/road noise under accelerating conditions by means of the sound intensity technique. The noise under the effect of driving force varied according to the difference of tire structure and tread pattern. The measured results under the accelerating conditions were as much as 10 dB higher Evaluation Method of Tire and Road Noise by Coasting 9535882 Down Test Yukihiko Hanzawa, Masao Hamano, Hiroko Ohki, Nobuo Kojima (Honda R&D Co., Ltd.) In general the coast down mode is used for evaluating the tire and road noise level. This paper reports on the analysis of the road surface temperature and the difference between the coasting and acceleration modes -the two of the problems considered to require solution to establish this evaluation method. The result is the techniques of the use, for the former problem, of compensatory formula which makes the calculation consistent with measurement in testing for any temperature and, for the latter, the 3-dimension supplementary map. This had made it possible to improve the accuracy of the evaluation method. 9535891 STSF, a Unique Technique for Near-field Acoustic Holography and Exterior Noise Measurements Svend Gade, Per Rasmussen, James Dee1 (Brilel & Kjaer) Ever stricter legislation is compelling vehicle manufacturers to reduce external vehicle noise. There is a recommendation before the European Commission that vehicle drive-by noise be reduced to 74 dB(A) for cars and light trucks to take effect from 1995. This paper explains how vehicle
325 manufacturers, tyre and exhaust companies are employing the Spatial Transformation of Sound Fields (STSF) technique to address this problem. A brief introduction to the main principles of STSF is given followed by a practical example of exterior noise measurements on a car. For the sake of the comparison the measurement of a traditional pass-by test is also described. In the measurement example, such traditional measuring techniques suggested that the main noise source was the exhaust orifice. Detailed analysis of the sound field using Spatial Transformation of Sound Fields showed that the engine air intake system was dominant. As a result the overall sound pressure level was reduced by minor adjustments to the intake system as opposed to major modifications to the exhaust system. Reduction of Front End Noise from Diesel Engine by 9535909 Vibration Analysis of Crankshaft Pulley Yoshihide Ogawa, Tamotsu Kamiya (Toyota Motor Corporation) The 2 kHz band noise coming from the crankshaft pulley area is one of the dominant noises of the diesel engine used in this study. We investigated the pulley vibration during operation by the scanning laser vibrometer, and also examined the acoustic resonance of the cavity behind the pulley. It was found that this noise is generated when the natural frequency of the pulley coincides with the resonance frequency of the cavity, and especially when the vibration mode is similar in pattern to the resonance mode. Based on this research, a new type pulley has been developed to minimize this noise. 9535918 A Study of the Tire/Road Noise Mechanism Keijiro Iwao, Ichiro Yamazaki (Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.) Reducing tire noise is one of the important issues in lowering the external noise level of vehicles. Previous studies have indicated that the main factors of noise include pattern noise synchronized with the tread block, local tread block vibration and the horn effect. In this research, the mechanism of tire noise was studied by separating these phenomena into a vibration input system, structure transmission system and acoustic transmission system. It was found that the dominant frequency range of tire noise is caused by vibration of tread surface. Therefore, reducing this vibration is an effective way to reduce overall tire noise. 9535927 Analysis of Acoustic Radiation Characteristics of Engine Compartment and Application to Reduction of Engine Noise Yasuhiko Nishimura, Koichi Shimizu (Toyota Motor Corporation) In order to reduce effectively vehicle exterior noise radiated from engine, the acoustic radiation characteristics of engine compartment are investigated. The results indicated that these characteristics were vary with the relative position of the noise source on engine surface and the edge of body panel. The evaluation method improved by considering these characteristics on compoment bench makes possible to predict accurately the effect of changing structure of engine on pass-by noise test. 9535936 Method of Analysis of Booming Noise Masaki Aizu Hiroshi Takata (Isuzu Motors Ltd.) In order to analyze the booming noise, this paper describes the method which used the transfer functions between input signals and an output signal. The input signals are the acceleration of the body. The output signal is the interior noise. The input signals are required to be independent for the calculation of the transfer functions, therefore this method uses the singular value decomposition to select the independent signals. This method is proved to be more efficient than the conventional vector analysis in the analysis of booming noise of full-sized recreational vehicles. 9535945 On an Objective Measure of the Booming Sound Factor Modification of the Measure by the Spectrum Pattern and the Loudness of the Sound Shigeko Hatano, Takeo Hashimoto (Seikei University) In our previous paper, we have proposed the new objective measure for quantifying the subjective booming factor. In this paper, we have
Abstracts
accuracy of preceding process. @ abnormal involute error developed on the teeth flanks after honing, and @ an increase in cost due to not only additional process but also high cutting tool cost. In conjunction with the introduction of honing for the new Familia, these problems were solved by developing a honing machine and elucidating the principles of tooth engagement for internal skew gears. 9535747 High Precision Gear Shaving - Some Improvements For Shaving Cutter Yasuharu Onishi, Teiichiro Ishihara (Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd.) To realize the stable production of high precision gears required for the silent transmission units by the shaving process in the mass production line, we have improved some matters mainly about the shaving cutters in the gear shaving process. In the process of investigation, we noticed the machinability and rigidity of the cutter blades examined the best value of them to obtain high precision of the tooth surface profile and recognized the effects among the actual gear cutting. 9535756 Flexible Machining Line for Automatic Transmission Case Tetsuro Miki, Shinya Nakao (Mitsubishi Motors Corporation) On starting to produce our new automatic transmission “I N V E C S -11” last autumn, we made various machining and assembly lines based on the concept to make “New Generation production lines-flexible, large production volume lines adapted both Volume Change and Wide variations”. Here we introduce our new transmission case machining line, especially following 4 points. BACKGROUNDS, NEEDS, when line planed, SYSTEMS and EQUIPMENTS to realize our new concept. Effect of Oil Hole Drill at High Speed Cutting - As for 9535765 Drill Shape and Coolant System Hiroshi Oozeki, Hideo Hasegawa, Kazuo Honma, Tadashi Hatsuya (Isuzu Motors Ltd.) Alminum is Often Applied in Car Parts in Recent Years. Progress of Tooling, Holder, Coolant System and Machine Tool Technology have made it Possible to do Successfully High Speed Drilling of Alminum. Inner Coolant System, which is of Considerable use, is being Applied to High Speed Drilling. But a Detailed Analysis is not done about the Effect of Oil Hole Drill at High Speed Drilling. This Report Analyse the Effect of Oil Hole Drill at High Speed Drilling as for Drill Shape and Coolant System. 9535774 Efficient Cutting using Coated Solid Endmill - High Speed and High Feed cutting using Solid Endmill of (Ti,AlAI)N Coatings Takeshi Hirose (Mitsubishi Materials Corporation) Until recently, we have always had a serious problem of chipping in machining steel and cast iron with cemented carbide solid endmill. However, up-to-date endmills with improved geometries and material grade enable us to fabricate steel and cast iron more efficiently. We have also succeeded in developing an advanced cemented carbide solid endmill. They feature (Ti,Al)N coating and an ideal geometries for manufacturing high hardness materials. This paper reports and examines the results of several experiments of our endmill under various conditions. 9535783 Development of Automatic Measuring Machine for Tapped Holes Kiyoshi Hasegawa, Ryuji Fukada (Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.) The inspection of tapped holes at the machining line has traditionally been done manually using a thread plug gauge. Consequently, such inspection process requires a considerable number of man-hours and is not suitable for quantitative measurements. An automatic measuring machine for tapped holes has been developed that adopts a new non-contact procedure to overcome these drawbacks. This paper describes the measuring principle of the new machine and presents typical examples of its application. It also describes a portable measuring device that is now being developed based on the new automatic measuring machine.
9535792 High Speed Milling of Steel and Tool Life - Tool Life of CBN Ball End Mill Tadahiro Ikeda, (Niigata Engineering Co., Ltd.), Toshitaka Matsuoka, (Matsuoka Engineering Consultants Office Ltd.), Takeo Nakagawa (Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo) The authors are investigating to establish high speed finish milling technique with minute pick-feed command for curved surface of die & mould parts at 1000 m/min cutting speed and 10 m/min feed rate, which can reduce manual polishing process consequently. New type ball end mill for above mentioned purpose is developed and is proved to obtain sufficient tool life, cutting surface roughness. 9535800 Development of Steel Honeycomb Structure into Body and Parts Kunio Ohya, (Honda R&D Co. Ltd), Toshifumi Thushihasi (The Yokohama Rubber Co. Ltd) The basic feature of the Honeycomb structure are light weight, high rigidity and energy absorptivity. In order to apply this feature to vehicle body and parts. We developed and hold for the new technologys (Zinc coated steel foil honeycomb product process voluntary crush forming body paint operation bonding), and certified effective elementary test data. 9535819 Estimation of Model Parameters for Reconstructing Traffic Accidents Hadji Hosseinlou M., Nakatsuji T., Hagiwara T. (Hokkaido University) Abstract. The main purpose of this study is to present a method how to estimate model parameters for reconstructing of traffic accidents; the normal and tangential restitution coefficients at impact and the friction coefficient, slip ratio and steering angle after impact. Box’s complex algorithm was applied to this estimation. In order to examine the validity of this method, some artificial and actually observed traffic accident data were analyzed. From this study, it was concluded that the method was effective in estimating impact and driving simulation parameters. Three-dimensional Behavior of Vehicle at Oblique Side 9535828 Collision - Computer Simulation Using Dynamical Model Makoto Abe, Masaaki Morisawa, Kazuhiro Arai (Musashi Institute of Technology), Takeshi B. Sato (Keio Gijuku University) This study examined the three-dimensional behavior of two vehicles when they collided obliquely during running at the same speed, by a computer simulation using dynamical models. The behavior was pursued till both vehicles came to a complete stop. Computational result well agreed with the real experiment data. Then, both vehicles’ deceleration, max, roll angles, deformation forms, etc. till at the time of stopping were calculated when the collision speed, angle and position were changed. It was found that the results of both vehicles’ deformation forms were differ qualitatively by a starting condition of collision. 9535837 Simulation of Cervical Motion Due to Head Inertia Loading in Rear-End Collisions Tomoyasu Matsushita, Takeshi B. Sato (Keio University), Kiyoshi Hirabayashi (Keio Junior College of Nursing) A two-dimensional mathematical model of the crania-cervical complex was developed to predict a dynamic behaviour of the human cervical motion during low speed rear-end collisions, and may provide an insight into the mechanism of neck injury. This model incorporated mechanical analogies for the intervertebral disks, ligaments and articular facets. An examination of the loading distribution in the cervical spine showed that maximums were reached during full extension phase and were of greatest magnitude in the C4/C5 region. 9535846 Evaluation of Rear-End Collision Avoidance System Nobuaki Takubo (National Research Institute of Police Science) Aim of this study is to evaluate influence of a collision avoidance system(CAS) on rear-end collision. In this study, the CAS means automatic braking systems which work for longitudinal vehicle motion. We simulate effect of rear-end collision avoidance of the vehicle with CAS included in a group of some vehicles without CAS, using Monte Carlo
Abstracts
method. As a result, CAS generally reduces number of accidents and serious injuries on the vehicle with CAS itself. Also it prevents serious accidents on other vehicles in same group. However, if CAS has far better capability from human braking. CAS would increase other vehicles accidents and injuries. 9535855 On-Off Control of Braking System for Rear-End Collision Avoidance - Simulation Test and Driving Test Tetsuhiro Umeda, Katsuki Yamamoto, Kazuo Matsushima (Traffic Safety and Nuisance Research Institute) In order to avoid rear-end collision a braking system was developed which apply the brake automattically when getting close to the other car and cancel braking when in the safety area, which can also control accelerater. In this paper, practical application of this system to a car, control logic, simulation test without distance measuring instrument, driving test using it on the proving ground and these test results are discussed. 9535864 Noise Source Identification on an Operating Vehicle by Acoustic Holography - Part I: Investigation of Noise Source Identification Accuracy by using Mock-Up Tires Ichiro Sakamoto, Takeharu Tanaka (Traffic Safety and Nuisance Research Institute), Tatsuya Miyake (The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd.) In this study, a feasibility of the acoustic holography method to identify a tire noise source on an operating vehicle is investigated. Three mock-up tires of which pitch noise frequencies can be specified from the vehicle velocity were made. The mock-up tires were equipped to a passenger vehicle and tire pitch noise was measured by the acoustic holography system at the test site. Moreover, the passenger car equipped with the mock-up tires was fixed on rollers of the chassis dynamometer in semi-anechoic room and tire pitch noise was measured by the sound intensity system near the tire side. The results of the acoustic holography were compared with those of the sound intensity. 9535873 Tire/Road Noise under the Effect of Driving Force Measuring by 2-Microphone Sound Intensity Technique Tetsuo Mikami, Yasuo Oshino (Japan Automobile Research Institute) The tire/road noise under accelerating conditions was measured by 2-microphone sound intensity technique. The noise with the increase of driving force has been investigated for several different tires. The results show that it is possible to measure tire/road noise under accelerating conditions by means of the sound intensity technique. The noise under the effect of driving force varied according to the difference of tire structure and tread pattern. The measured results under the accelerating conditions were as much as 10 dB higher Evaluation Method of Tire and Road Noise by Coasting 9535882 Down Test Yukihiko Hanzawa, Masao Hamano, Hiroko Ohki, Nobuo Kojima (Honda R&D Co., Ltd.) In general the coast down mode is used for evaluating the tire and road noise level. This paper reports on the analysis of the road surface temperature and the difference between the coasting and acceleration modes -the two of the problems considered to require solution to establish this evaluation method. The result is the techniques of the use, for the former problem, of compensatory formula which makes the calculation consistent with measurement in testing for any temperature and, for the latter, the 3-dimension supplementary map. This had made it possible to improve the accuracy of the evaluation method. 9535891 STSF, a Unique Technique for Near-field Acoustic Holography and Exterior Noise Measurements Svend Gade, Per Rasmussen, James Dee1 (Brilel & Kjaer) Ever stricter legislation is compelling vehicle manufacturers to reduce external vehicle noise. There is a recommendation before the European Commission that vehicle drive-by noise be reduced to 74 dB(A) for cars and light trucks to take effect from 1995. This paper explains how vehicle
325 manufacturers, tyre and exhaust companies are employing the Spatial Transformation of Sound Fields (STSF) technique to address this problem. A brief introduction to the main principles of STSF is given followed by a practical example of exterior noise measurements on a car. For the sake of the comparison the measurement of a traditional pass-by test is also described. In the measurement example, such traditional measuring techniques suggested that the main noise source was the exhaust orifice. Detailed analysis of the sound field using Spatial Transformation of Sound Fields showed that the engine air intake system was dominant. As a result the overall sound pressure level was reduced by minor adjustments to the intake system as opposed to major modifications to the exhaust system. Reduction of Front End Noise from Diesel Engine by 9535909 Vibration Analysis of Crankshaft Pulley Yoshihide Ogawa, Tamotsu Kamiya (Toyota Motor Corporation) The 2 kHz band noise coming from the crankshaft pulley area is one of the dominant noises of the diesel engine used in this study. We investigated the pulley vibration during operation by the scanning laser vibrometer, and also examined the acoustic resonance of the cavity behind the pulley. It was found that this noise is generated when the natural frequency of the pulley coincides with the resonance frequency of the cavity, and especially when the vibration mode is similar in pattern to the resonance mode. Based on this research, a new type pulley has been developed to minimize this noise. 9535918 A Study of the Tire/Road Noise Mechanism Keijiro Iwao, Ichiro Yamazaki (Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.) Reducing tire noise is one of the important issues in lowering the external noise level of vehicles. Previous studies have indicated that the main factors of noise include pattern noise synchronized with the tread block, local tread block vibration and the horn effect. In this research, the mechanism of tire noise was studied by separating these phenomena into a vibration input system, structure transmission system and acoustic transmission system. It was found that the dominant frequency range of tire noise is caused by vibration of tread surface. Therefore, reducing this vibration is an effective way to reduce overall tire noise. 9535927 Analysis of Acoustic Radiation Characteristics of Engine Compartment and Application to Reduction of Engine Noise Yasuhiko Nishimura, Koichi Shimizu (Toyota Motor Corporation) In order to reduce effectively vehicle exterior noise radiated from engine, the acoustic radiation characteristics of engine compartment are investigated. The results indicated that these characteristics were vary with the relative position of the noise source on engine surface and the edge of body panel. The evaluation method improved by considering these characteristics on compoment bench makes possible to predict accurately the effect of changing structure of engine on pass-by noise test. 9535936 Method of Analysis of Booming Noise Masaki Aizu Hiroshi Takata (Isuzu Motors Ltd.) In order to analyze the booming noise, this paper describes the method which used the transfer functions between input signals and an output signal. The input signals are the acceleration of the body. The output signal is the interior noise. The input signals are required to be independent for the calculation of the transfer functions, therefore this method uses the singular value decomposition to select the independent signals. This method is proved to be more efficient than the conventional vector analysis in the analysis of booming noise of full-sized recreational vehicles. 9535945 On an Objective Measure of the Booming Sound Factor Modification of the Measure by the Spectrum Pattern and the Loudness of the Sound Shigeko Hatano, Takeo Hashimoto (Seikei University) In our previous paper, we have proposed the new objective measure for quantifying the subjective booming factor. In this paper, we have