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Evaluation of the irritation and sensitization potential of household cleaning products when topically applied to self-described sensitive skin
2652
2727
Comparison of phosphorylated Tau and Ki-67 staining in SCIS, SCC, and BCC Sami Saikaly, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United States; William Eng, MD, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United States; Ildefonso Rodriguez-Leyva, MD, Central Hospital ‘‘Ignacio Morones Prieto’’ at University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis, Mexico; Marıa Esther Jimenez Cata~ no, PhD, Universidad Aut onoma de San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico; Robert Norman, DO, MPH, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United States
Evaluation of the irritation and sensitization potential of household cleaning products when topically applied to self-described sensitive skin Lauren Wroblewski, Seventh Generation, Inc, Burlington, VT, United States; Heidi Raatikainen, Seventh Generation, Inc, Burlington, VT, United States; Shannon Lenox, Seventh Generation, Inc, Burlington, VT, United States; Kay Gebhardt, MS, Seventh Generation, Inc, Burlington, VT, United States; Cara Bondi, MPH, MS, Seventh Generation, Inc, Burlington, VT, United States Background: Acute dermal exposure to household cleaning products is a regular occurrence and represents an important route of dermal exposure to environmental chemicals. Such exposures are of particular interest in patients with self-described sensitive skin; a common patient complaint partially addressed through avoidance of certain types of consumer products. As few data are available in the literature, here we show the dermal effects of direct contact to common household cleaning products in a self-described sensitive skin population.
While Tau is a well-known component in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease, it normally functions to bind microtubules during cell division in healthy cells. Expression of phosphorylated Tau has been demonstrated in lung, breast, prostate, and bladder carcinomas, however, it has not been studied in nonmelanoma skin cancers. We identified skin cancers from routine specimens submitted for pathology analysis from nursing home patients. Squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCIS), invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC,) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) samples were acquired via shave biopsies from the nose, right ear, and right cheek, respectively. The samples were stained with rabbit monoclonal Tau antibodies directed to different phosphorylation sites (Serine 202, Serine 396, and Threonine 231) and with Ki-67 rabbit antibodies. Tau immunopositivity was remarkable with anti-phosphoSerine202 (p-Tau). The SCIS showed p-Tau immunopositivity within the epidermis (cytoplasmic and nuclear), whereas SCC staining was found predominantly in the periphery of the tumor (cytoplasmic and nuclear). In BCC, the p-Tau staining was in both the basal center and periphery of the tumor (cytoplasmic predominately). Ki-67 nuclear staining was more extensive than that of p-Tau. SCIS had the most Ki-67 staining at the base of the tumor, while SCC had predominantly peripheral staining. BCC also stained positive for Ki-67 mostly at the periphery of the tumor, with some additional staining in the tumor center. Ki-67 is a well-known proliferation marker, and appears to be a more sensitive marker than p-Tau in nonmelanoma skin cancers. Previous studies have also established that high expression phosphorylated Tau was associated with breast cancers that were more chemotherapy resistant. Whether phosphorylated tau in skin cancers translates into a more aggressive behavior remains to be explored in future studies. The significance of cytoplasmic vs nuclear staining remains to be defined. The utility of pTau staining may find an application in therapies that target mitotic activity, such as superficial radiation.
Methods: Human repeat insult patch tests (HRIPTs) were conducted under the supervision of a Board certified dermatologist using subjects with self-described sensitive skin (N ¼ 57). Participants with a history of adverse reactions to cosmetics or personal care products were excluded from the study. The HRIPT used standard methodology, including an induction and challenge phase, with a total duration of 6 weeks. Samples included biobased, dye free fragranced and unfragranced liquid laundry detergents and hand dishwashing liquids. Test articles were patched semiocclusively on the upper back between the scapulae. Results and conclusions: Induction Phase: Based on the four point rating scale (0 ¼ no visible reaction, 4 ¼ severe reaction), the average erythema score for each test article was 0. In addition, no dermal sequelae occurred during the induction phase. Challenge Phase: The challenge patches applied on day one and three did not cause dermal irritation or sequelae. As such, these results show that the household cleaning products tested did not exhibit dermal irritation or allergic contact sensitization. These findings suggest that these formulated products will not produce adverse dermal effects from dermal exposure, even in self-described sensitive skin patients. All authors are employed by Seventh Generation, Inc which funded this research study.
Commercial support: None identified.
3790 Evaluation of the cleansing efficacy of a sonic skincare brush on sunscreen removal Rachel Cvetkovich, Pacific Bioscience Labs, Redmond, WA, United States; Matthew Winterscheid, Pacific Bioscience Labs, Redmond, WA, United States; Michael Kearney, Pacific Bioscience Labs, Redmond, WA, United States; Alexandra Skinner, Pacific Bioscience Labs, Redmond, WA, United States; Shilpa Rapaka, MS, Pacific Bioscience Labs, Redmond, WA, United States; Katherine Ortblad, MPA, Pacific Bioscience Labs, Redmond, WA, United States; Lauri Tadlock, MD, Pacific Bioscience Labs, Redmond, WA, United States; Gregory Peterson, PhD, Pacific Bioscience Labs, Redmond, WA, United States Background: Dermatologists strongly recommend daily use of a sunscreen yearround for all skin types. Commercially available sunscreens are composed of either organic chemical active ingredients that act as filters to absorb ultraviolet radiation and/or mineral/physical active ingredients such as titanium dioxide and zinc oxide which physically block ultraviolet radiation. Though these sunscreens help protect the skin from harmful effects of UVA and UVB rays, inefficient removal of these sunscreen at the end of the day may lead to skin problems such as clogged pores and breakouts. Pacific Bioscience Laboratories has developed a new sonic skincare brush with a compact handle that deeply cleanses the skin in a gentle manner. Several clinical studies have been performed to assess the efficacy of this newgeneration sonic brush in removing sunscreen from the skin.
3151 Evidence that a measured melanin index correlates with the clinically determined skin phototype: A pilot investigation Tilmann Reuther, MD, Division of Cosmetic Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Martina Kerscher, MD, Division of Cosmetic Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Objective: Assess the efficacy of a sonic skincare brush in sunscreen removal. Methods: Clinical studies were conducted to test the removal of different types of commercially available sunscreens- chemical, combination of physical and chemical, and chemical varying SPF and water resistance. Twenty-eight to 30 female subjects were enrolled in each split-face designed study (comparing two methods of cleansing for sunscreen removal, ie, sonic cleansing vs. manual cleansing randomized to right or left cheeks for each subject). Amount of sunscreen, cleansing time, amount of cleanser, and amount of water were standardized in each study. UV imaging and image analysis (Image J, NIH, Bethesda, MD) was used to quantify sunscreen levels pre- and postcleansing. Results: Sonic cleansing removed significantly more sunscreen (chemical, combination of physical and chemical, and chemical with 80 minutes water resistance) from the skin than manual cleansing for all studies (P \.01, Wilcoxon signed-ranks test for each comparison). Conclusions: The sonic skincare brush is shown to be extremely efficient in thoroughly removing different commercially available sunscreens from the skin.
In many scientific and clinical situations, it can be seen as a prerequisite to determine the skin phototype according to Fitzpatrick (SP). As the SP as clinical parameter may be influenced by the individual view of the investigator, a measurable parameter to confirm the score might be interesting. However, searching the literature, surprisingly limited information concerning the relation of SP and a measurable parameter is available. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to compare the SP with a measured melanin index (MI). Overall, 73 female white volunteers (SPI: 11, SP II: 27, SP III: 19, SP IV: 16) aged 28.68 6 7.32 were included after informed consent. The SP was determined by a combination of the clinical inspection of the skin color, hair and eye color as well as sun reactivity as the most important aspect. Areas of investigation for determination of the MI were the forearm (FA), forehead (FH) and the cheeks (CH). For measurement of the melanin Index (MI) a reflectance spectrophotometer was used. The statistical evaluation consisted of an analysis for regression and correlation between SP and MI as well as a comparison between neighboring SPs using t-tests. The MI shows an increase with increasing SP in all three localizations investigated. A linear regression as well as a significant correlation was found in all localizations investigated (FA: r ¼ 0.670, P \ .001; FH: r ¼ 0.562, P \.001; CH: r ¼ 0.427, P \.001). In the forearm region a significant difference between the values of SP I and SP II, SP II and SP III as well as between SP III and SP IV (P ¼ .020, P ¼ .020, P ¼ .003) was found. Similar results could be found in the forehead (P ¼.014, P ¼.022, P ¼.024) but only partly in the cheek region (P ¼.964, P ¼.191, P ¼.014). The results obtained from the regression and correlation analysis indicate that the MI reflects the SP in different localizations to a different but significant extend. Furthermore, the results from the t-tests indicate that there is a significant but not defining difference of the average MI values between different SPs, at least when measuring in the forearm or forehead region. Consequently, the MI measurement in its present form provides rather additional quantitative information. Consequently, further investigations are required to identify and eliminate influences for example in the different localizations to gain information that correlate even stronger with the SPs as the present results indicate.
Supported 100% byL’Oreal.
Commercial support: None identified.
AB32
J AM ACAD DERMATOL
MAY 2016
2727
Comparison of phosphorylated Tau and Ki-67 staining in SCIS, SCC, and BCC Sami Saikaly, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United States; William Eng, MD, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United States; Ildefonso Rodriguez-Leyva, MD, Central Hospital ‘‘Ignacio Morones Prieto’’ at University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis, Mexico; Marıa Esther Jimenez Cata~ no, PhD, Universidad Aut onoma de San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico; Robert Norman, DO, MPH, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United States
Evaluation of the irritation and sensitization potential of household cleaning products when topically applied to self-described sensitive skin Lauren Wroblewski, Seventh Generation, Inc, Burlington, VT, United States; Heidi Raatikainen, Seventh Generation, Inc, Burlington, VT, United States; Shannon Lenox, Seventh Generation, Inc, Burlington, VT, United States; Kay Gebhardt, MS, Seventh Generation, Inc, Burlington, VT, United States; Cara Bondi, MPH, MS, Seventh Generation, Inc, Burlington, VT, United States Background: Acute dermal exposure to household cleaning products is a regular occurrence and represents an important route of dermal exposure to environmental chemicals. Such exposures are of particular interest in patients with self-described sensitive skin; a common patient complaint partially addressed through avoidance of certain types of consumer products. As few data are available in the literature, here we show the dermal effects of direct contact to common household cleaning products in a self-described sensitive skin population.
While Tau is a well-known component in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease, it normally functions to bind microtubules during cell division in healthy cells. Expression of phosphorylated Tau has been demonstrated in lung, breast, prostate, and bladder carcinomas, however, it has not been studied in nonmelanoma skin cancers. We identified skin cancers from routine specimens submitted for pathology analysis from nursing home patients. Squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCIS), invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC,) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) samples were acquired via shave biopsies from the nose, right ear, and right cheek, respectively. The samples were stained with rabbit monoclonal Tau antibodies directed to different phosphorylation sites (Serine 202, Serine 396, and Threonine 231) and with Ki-67 rabbit antibodies. Tau immunopositivity was remarkable with anti-phosphoSerine202 (p-Tau). The SCIS showed p-Tau immunopositivity within the epidermis (cytoplasmic and nuclear), whereas SCC staining was found predominantly in the periphery of the tumor (cytoplasmic and nuclear). In BCC, the p-Tau staining was in both the basal center and periphery of the tumor (cytoplasmic predominately). Ki-67 nuclear staining was more extensive than that of p-Tau. SCIS had the most Ki-67 staining at the base of the tumor, while SCC had predominantly peripheral staining. BCC also stained positive for Ki-67 mostly at the periphery of the tumor, with some additional staining in the tumor center. Ki-67 is a well-known proliferation marker, and appears to be a more sensitive marker than p-Tau in nonmelanoma skin cancers. Previous studies have also established that high expression phosphorylated Tau was associated with breast cancers that were more chemotherapy resistant. Whether phosphorylated tau in skin cancers translates into a more aggressive behavior remains to be explored in future studies. The significance of cytoplasmic vs nuclear staining remains to be defined. The utility of pTau staining may find an application in therapies that target mitotic activity, such as superficial radiation.
Methods: Human repeat insult patch tests (HRIPTs) were conducted under the supervision of a Board certified dermatologist using subjects with self-described sensitive skin (N ¼ 57). Participants with a history of adverse reactions to cosmetics or personal care products were excluded from the study. The HRIPT used standard methodology, including an induction and challenge phase, with a total duration of 6 weeks. Samples included biobased, dye free fragranced and unfragranced liquid laundry detergents and hand dishwashing liquids. Test articles were patched semiocclusively on the upper back between the scapulae. Results and conclusions: Induction Phase: Based on the four point rating scale (0 ¼ no visible reaction, 4 ¼ severe reaction), the average erythema score for each test article was 0. In addition, no dermal sequelae occurred during the induction phase. Challenge Phase: The challenge patches applied on day one and three did not cause dermal irritation or sequelae. As such, these results show that the household cleaning products tested did not exhibit dermal irritation or allergic contact sensitization. These findings suggest that these formulated products will not produce adverse dermal effects from dermal exposure, even in self-described sensitive skin patients. All authors are employed by Seventh Generation, Inc which funded this research study.
Commercial support: None identified.
3790 Evaluation of the cleansing efficacy of a sonic skincare brush on sunscreen removal Rachel Cvetkovich, Pacific Bioscience Labs, Redmond, WA, United States; Matthew Winterscheid, Pacific Bioscience Labs, Redmond, WA, United States; Michael Kearney, Pacific Bioscience Labs, Redmond, WA, United States; Alexandra Skinner, Pacific Bioscience Labs, Redmond, WA, United States; Shilpa Rapaka, MS, Pacific Bioscience Labs, Redmond, WA, United States; Katherine Ortblad, MPA, Pacific Bioscience Labs, Redmond, WA, United States; Lauri Tadlock, MD, Pacific Bioscience Labs, Redmond, WA, United States; Gregory Peterson, PhD, Pacific Bioscience Labs, Redmond, WA, United States Background: Dermatologists strongly recommend daily use of a sunscreen yearround for all skin types. Commercially available sunscreens are composed of either organic chemical active ingredients that act as filters to absorb ultraviolet radiation and/or mineral/physical active ingredients such as titanium dioxide and zinc oxide which physically block ultraviolet radiation. Though these sunscreens help protect the skin from harmful effects of UVA and UVB rays, inefficient removal of these sunscreen at the end of the day may lead to skin problems such as clogged pores and breakouts. Pacific Bioscience Laboratories has developed a new sonic skincare brush with a compact handle that deeply cleanses the skin in a gentle manner. Several clinical studies have been performed to assess the efficacy of this newgeneration sonic brush in removing sunscreen from the skin.
3151 Evidence that a measured melanin index correlates with the clinically determined skin phototype: A pilot investigation Tilmann Reuther, MD, Division of Cosmetic Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Martina Kerscher, MD, Division of Cosmetic Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Objective: Assess the efficacy of a sonic skincare brush in sunscreen removal. Methods: Clinical studies were conducted to test the removal of different types of commercially available sunscreens- chemical, combination of physical and chemical, and chemical varying SPF and water resistance. Twenty-eight to 30 female subjects were enrolled in each split-face designed study (comparing two methods of cleansing for sunscreen removal, ie, sonic cleansing vs. manual cleansing randomized to right or left cheeks for each subject). Amount of sunscreen, cleansing time, amount of cleanser, and amount of water were standardized in each study. UV imaging and image analysis (Image J, NIH, Bethesda, MD) was used to quantify sunscreen levels pre- and postcleansing. Results: Sonic cleansing removed significantly more sunscreen (chemical, combination of physical and chemical, and chemical with 80 minutes water resistance) from the skin than manual cleansing for all studies (P \.01, Wilcoxon signed-ranks test for each comparison). Conclusions: The sonic skincare brush is shown to be extremely efficient in thoroughly removing different commercially available sunscreens from the skin.
In many scientific and clinical situations, it can be seen as a prerequisite to determine the skin phototype according to Fitzpatrick (SP). As the SP as clinical parameter may be influenced by the individual view of the investigator, a measurable parameter to confirm the score might be interesting. However, searching the literature, surprisingly limited information concerning the relation of SP and a measurable parameter is available. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to compare the SP with a measured melanin index (MI). Overall, 73 female white volunteers (SPI: 11, SP II: 27, SP III: 19, SP IV: 16) aged 28.68 6 7.32 were included after informed consent. The SP was determined by a combination of the clinical inspection of the skin color, hair and eye color as well as sun reactivity as the most important aspect. Areas of investigation for determination of the MI were the forearm (FA), forehead (FH) and the cheeks (CH). For measurement of the melanin Index (MI) a reflectance spectrophotometer was used. The statistical evaluation consisted of an analysis for regression and correlation between SP and MI as well as a comparison between neighboring SPs using t-tests. The MI shows an increase with increasing SP in all three localizations investigated. A linear regression as well as a significant correlation was found in all localizations investigated (FA: r ¼ 0.670, P \ .001; FH: r ¼ 0.562, P \.001; CH: r ¼ 0.427, P \.001). In the forearm region a significant difference between the values of SP I and SP II, SP II and SP III as well as between SP III and SP IV (P ¼ .020, P ¼ .020, P ¼ .003) was found. Similar results could be found in the forehead (P ¼.014, P ¼.022, P ¼.024) but only partly in the cheek region (P ¼.964, P ¼.191, P ¼.014). The results obtained from the regression and correlation analysis indicate that the MI reflects the SP in different localizations to a different but significant extend. Furthermore, the results from the t-tests indicate that there is a significant but not defining difference of the average MI values between different SPs, at least when measuring in the forearm or forehead region. Consequently, the MI measurement in its present form provides rather additional quantitative information. Consequently, further investigations are required to identify and eliminate influences for example in the different localizations to gain information that correlate even stronger with the SPs as the present results indicate.
Supported 100% byL’Oreal.
Commercial support: None identified.
AB32
J AM ACAD DERMATOL
MAY 2016