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Event-related potentials associated with matching in fashion coordination
International Journal of Psychophysiology 94 (2014) 120–261
Event-related potentials associated with matching in fashion coordination Erika Yoshimori, Hiroshi Nittono Hiroshima University, Japan In everyday life, we often make a nuanced judgment about matching between visual objects. For example, we can judge intuitively whether a certain type of accessory matches or mismatches certain clothes, despite having no explicit criterion. Using a S1–S2 paradigm wherein two stimuli are presented sequentially, event-related potential (ERP) research has shown that larger ERP responses, either negative components (e.g., N270, N400) or positive components (e.g., P3, late positive potential), occur when the second stimulus does not match the first stimulus semantically or conceptually. On the other hand, in a task that requires judging the relationship between S1 and S2, the late positive components can become larger also when the second stimulus is closely linked to the first stimulus because the judgment involves little equivocation. Most of the previous studies have used stimulus pairs whose relationship can be defined with explicit criteria. In the present study, we examined whether the previous findings could be extended to a more nuanced sensibility judgment about coordination in fashion clothing. Twenty female university students participated in the experiment. Eight photographs depicting clothes (tops and bottoms) were used for S1 and eight photographs depicting accessories (necklaces and pendants) were used for S2. First, each participant was presented with each accessory (S2) and asked to arrange the eight types of clothes (S1) in order of the degree of subjective matching. According to an individual's ranking, the two best-matched, middle four, and the two least-matched pairs were selected for matched, middle, and mismatched conditions, respectively. This procedure ensured that the same set of S2 was used in the three types of relationship. In an ERP task, all the pairs of S1 and S2 (8 × 8 = 64 trials) were randomly presented for 100 ms each stimulus with a stimulus onset asynchrony of 250 ms. Participants were asked to judge whether the second stimulus matched the first stimulus by pressing one of two buttons. The block was repeated three times, and a total of 192 trials were conducted. The results showed that the amplitude of the positive wave (500– 700 ms) in response to S2 was larger for the matched pairs than for the mismatched pairs. No significant differences were found in the preceding negative components (300–500 ms). The finding suggests that the late positive component may be a promising measure that reflects a nuanced judgment about matching between two visual objects. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.859
Evaluation of taste preference and the following memory retrieval: An ERP study Koki Tsujia, Midori Shibatab,c, Arisa Satoa, Satoshi Umedad Graduate School of Human Relations, Keio University, Japan b Department of Psychology, Hokkaido University, Japan c Global Centre for Advanced Research on Logic and Sensibility, Keio University, Japan d Department of Psychology, Keio University, Japan
a
The present study aims to elucidate the preference-related brain activity for taste evaluation using the event-related potentials (ERPs) and how the preference was affected by the following memory retrieval. Eight healthy right-handed adults participated in the study. In the tasting phase of Experiment 1, three kinds of orange juice
215
were served to the participants asking them both to keep the taste of those orange juices in mind and to stick simply shaped labels A, B, and C on the cups according to their preference order. These three kinds of juice were ranked higher in our preliminary survey. In the ERPs phase, the photos of the three cups labeled in the preceding phase were presented and the participants were requested to recall the taste of the juice while the photo was being presented. Each photo was displayed for two seconds and presented randomly hundred times in four blocks with short interval. The ERPs activities were recorded using 32 electrodes HydroCel Geodesic Sensor Net (EGI) according to the international 10-20 standard. The data were analyzed using EMSE (Source Signal Imaging Inc.). Experiment 2 was performed a week after the Experiment 1. In the tasting phase, the basic procedure was same as Experiment 1 but using another two kinds of orange juice that were labeled D and E according to their preference order. These two kinds of juice were ranked lower in the preliminary survey. In the ERPs phase, the total of four cups labeled A, C, D and E were presented. As a result, in both Experiment 1 and 2, significant differences between A and C were observed in late positive component area (latency 500–800 ms) recorded on Oz. The result clearly shows that the presentation of the labels based on their memory of taste may trigger the emergence of the same ERP patterns observed just at the back of real tasting. Moreover, as opposed to Experiment 1, significant differences between A and C could be observed in Experiment 2 in terms of the peak amplitude of N300 recorded on FCz. This suggests that adding new (not-goodtaste) juice radicalized the relative evaluation of the taste of juice-A and juice-C experienced a week before. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.860
The effect of force parameter modification on the contingent negative variation Lu Xua,b, Werner Sommerc, Noriyoshi Takasawad, Hiroaki Masakie a Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Japan b Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan c Department of Psychology, Homboldt University, Germany d College of Sociology, Edogawa University, Japan e Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Japan According to Schmidt's schema theory, only certain numbers of generalized motor programs (GMP) for fixed movement structures are stored in memory. Examples are invariant spatiotemporal motor patterns including sequencing of actions, relative timing, and relative force. To initiate a movement, performers have to apply specific movement parameters to the GMP, for example, overall duration or overall force. Previous studies have shown that some factors are beneficial for the learning of a GMP but have negative effects on parameterization learning, suggesting the independence of the two processes. However, most evidence supporting the schema theory was obtained from behavioral data; less is known about the underlying neural-mechanisms of GMP construction and parameterization. The present study investigated the effect of force parameter modification on the contingent negative variation (CNV); since the CNV has been suggested to reflect central motor programming, we expected it to be sensitive to the need for variable versus invariant movement parameter specification. Fifteen participants were asked to ballistically produce different target forces (4, 10, or 16 N) with their left or right index fingers according to a precue. In the single-target task, target force was always 10 N, whereas in the multiple-target task, one of the three target forces was required pseudo-randomly by the precue. Each participant performed one session consisting of six blocks (three blocks for each task) with 63 trials each
Event-related potentials associated with matching in fashion coordination Erika Yoshimori, Hiroshi Nittono Hiroshima University, Japan In everyday life, we often make a nuanced judgment about matching between visual objects. For example, we can judge intuitively whether a certain type of accessory matches or mismatches certain clothes, despite having no explicit criterion. Using a S1–S2 paradigm wherein two stimuli are presented sequentially, event-related potential (ERP) research has shown that larger ERP responses, either negative components (e.g., N270, N400) or positive components (e.g., P3, late positive potential), occur when the second stimulus does not match the first stimulus semantically or conceptually. On the other hand, in a task that requires judging the relationship between S1 and S2, the late positive components can become larger also when the second stimulus is closely linked to the first stimulus because the judgment involves little equivocation. Most of the previous studies have used stimulus pairs whose relationship can be defined with explicit criteria. In the present study, we examined whether the previous findings could be extended to a more nuanced sensibility judgment about coordination in fashion clothing. Twenty female university students participated in the experiment. Eight photographs depicting clothes (tops and bottoms) were used for S1 and eight photographs depicting accessories (necklaces and pendants) were used for S2. First, each participant was presented with each accessory (S2) and asked to arrange the eight types of clothes (S1) in order of the degree of subjective matching. According to an individual's ranking, the two best-matched, middle four, and the two least-matched pairs were selected for matched, middle, and mismatched conditions, respectively. This procedure ensured that the same set of S2 was used in the three types of relationship. In an ERP task, all the pairs of S1 and S2 (8 × 8 = 64 trials) were randomly presented for 100 ms each stimulus with a stimulus onset asynchrony of 250 ms. Participants were asked to judge whether the second stimulus matched the first stimulus by pressing one of two buttons. The block was repeated three times, and a total of 192 trials were conducted. The results showed that the amplitude of the positive wave (500– 700 ms) in response to S2 was larger for the matched pairs than for the mismatched pairs. No significant differences were found in the preceding negative components (300–500 ms). The finding suggests that the late positive component may be a promising measure that reflects a nuanced judgment about matching between two visual objects. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.859
Evaluation of taste preference and the following memory retrieval: An ERP study Koki Tsujia, Midori Shibatab,c, Arisa Satoa, Satoshi Umedad Graduate School of Human Relations, Keio University, Japan b Department of Psychology, Hokkaido University, Japan c Global Centre for Advanced Research on Logic and Sensibility, Keio University, Japan d Department of Psychology, Keio University, Japan
a
The present study aims to elucidate the preference-related brain activity for taste evaluation using the event-related potentials (ERPs) and how the preference was affected by the following memory retrieval. Eight healthy right-handed adults participated in the study. In the tasting phase of Experiment 1, three kinds of orange juice
215
were served to the participants asking them both to keep the taste of those orange juices in mind and to stick simply shaped labels A, B, and C on the cups according to their preference order. These three kinds of juice were ranked higher in our preliminary survey. In the ERPs phase, the photos of the three cups labeled in the preceding phase were presented and the participants were requested to recall the taste of the juice while the photo was being presented. Each photo was displayed for two seconds and presented randomly hundred times in four blocks with short interval. The ERPs activities were recorded using 32 electrodes HydroCel Geodesic Sensor Net (EGI) according to the international 10-20 standard. The data were analyzed using EMSE (Source Signal Imaging Inc.). Experiment 2 was performed a week after the Experiment 1. In the tasting phase, the basic procedure was same as Experiment 1 but using another two kinds of orange juice that were labeled D and E according to their preference order. These two kinds of juice were ranked lower in the preliminary survey. In the ERPs phase, the total of four cups labeled A, C, D and E were presented. As a result, in both Experiment 1 and 2, significant differences between A and C were observed in late positive component area (latency 500–800 ms) recorded on Oz. The result clearly shows that the presentation of the labels based on their memory of taste may trigger the emergence of the same ERP patterns observed just at the back of real tasting. Moreover, as opposed to Experiment 1, significant differences between A and C could be observed in Experiment 2 in terms of the peak amplitude of N300 recorded on FCz. This suggests that adding new (not-goodtaste) juice radicalized the relative evaluation of the taste of juice-A and juice-C experienced a week before. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.860
The effect of force parameter modification on the contingent negative variation Lu Xua,b, Werner Sommerc, Noriyoshi Takasawad, Hiroaki Masakie a Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Japan b Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan c Department of Psychology, Homboldt University, Germany d College of Sociology, Edogawa University, Japan e Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Japan According to Schmidt's schema theory, only certain numbers of generalized motor programs (GMP) for fixed movement structures are stored in memory. Examples are invariant spatiotemporal motor patterns including sequencing of actions, relative timing, and relative force. To initiate a movement, performers have to apply specific movement parameters to the GMP, for example, overall duration or overall force. Previous studies have shown that some factors are beneficial for the learning of a GMP but have negative effects on parameterization learning, suggesting the independence of the two processes. However, most evidence supporting the schema theory was obtained from behavioral data; less is known about the underlying neural-mechanisms of GMP construction and parameterization. The present study investigated the effect of force parameter modification on the contingent negative variation (CNV); since the CNV has been suggested to reflect central motor programming, we expected it to be sensitive to the need for variable versus invariant movement parameter specification. Fifteen participants were asked to ballistically produce different target forces (4, 10, or 16 N) with their left or right index fingers according to a precue. In the single-target task, target force was always 10 N, whereas in the multiple-target task, one of the three target forces was required pseudo-randomly by the precue. Each participant performed one session consisting of six blocks (three blocks for each task) with 63 trials each