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Event-related potentials in a lexical stroop task
19 assessed by measures of socialization and psychoticism. These findings may account in part for the reduced electrodermal responding seen in schizophrenic patients. EDL is also known to predict performance levels on tasks involved sustained information transfer. Personality correlates of EDL may therefore be mediated by individual differences in mechanisms subserving sustained attention to external events.
ANIMAL
MODEL
OF MISMATCH
NEGATIVITY BIOFEEDBACK IN THE TREATMENT SION IN THE CARDIAC TRANSPLANT
Valeria Csepe. G. Karmos and M. MolnLr Institute for Psychology, Hungarian Academy Budapest. Hungary
POTENTIALS
IN
OF HYPERTENPATIENT
of Sciences, James P. Culbert Medical College of Virginia,
The experimental data on the characteristic deflection of the human event-related potentials (ERPs), the mismatch negatively (MMN), show that sensory stimuli are fully processed, independently of attention. According to ERP and evoked magnetic field data the memory store of auditory sensory information, having a crucial role in stimulus comparison, might be located in the auditory cortex. Our experimental program run in cats was designed to follow ERP changes recorded from different cortical areas, and subcortical structures belonging to the auditory pathway (medial geniculate body, colliculus inferior) and outside of it (hippocampus). ERP recordings were run in different stages of sleep-wakefulness cycle and during pentobarbital anesthesia. Short tones of different frequencies were given in various experimental blocks. For frequency differences between the standard and deviant tones 200-1000 Hz was used in 200 Hz steps. The probability of deviants was 10%. There was strong experimental evidence that several generator processes might be activated by stimulus deviance. Primary and secondary auditory cortical ERPs show different MMN changes. It seems that MMN can be generated in sensory specific subcortical structures and even outside of the auditory pathway.
EVENT-RELATED STROOP TASK
(1100-300 ms before the response) where the ERPs of trials with stimulus/response conflict were relatively positive. However, the negativity preceding the response (motor potential) appeared to be independent of the stimulus/response conflict. ‘Word’ responses were preceded and followed by a positive wave, independent of the motor potential. This positively is considered to be a very late member of the P3 complex, related to semantic memory processes.
A
Richmond,
Virginia
Biofeedback treatments have demonstrated effectiveness in the treatment of hypertension, but the present way in which these treatments affect the change is unclear because multiple physiological systems contribute to the control of blood pressure. The present study involved the treatment of hypertension in a cardiac transplant patient to determine if biofeedback could be useful in a patient who no longer has direct innervation by the autonomic nervous system to the heart. The patient entered treatment 20 months post transplant with a baseline blood pressure of 150/100. Multiple baseline measures prior to treatment did not result in significant change. Treatment consisted of breathing techniques, progressive muscle relaxation, Frontalis EMG biofeedback to a criteria of less than two integral average microvolts and finger temperature feedback to a criteria of 94°C. Blood pressure at the end of treatment was 130/8h and was maintained at 2, 4 and 6 month follow-up. The results support the use of bio-behavioral interventions in treatment of patients without direct autonomic innervation of the heart. Ongoing research directed at finding the mechanism responsible for learned control of blood pressure in this patient population is discussed as well as how this might assist in the treatment of other patients with essential hypertension.
LEXICAL
Gergely Csibra and Istvin Czigler Inst. Psychology, Budapest, Hungary In a reaction time situation subjects made a word/non-word decision to strings of four letters. Decision should be based on the order of the letters described in each trial separately, while the strings could be either words or non-words when they were read from left to right. The ‘non-word’ RT was longer than the ‘word RT’, and RT increased further when the (correct) non-word decision was made to strings which constituted a word in the (traditional) left to right order. Event related potentials (ERPs) following the strings were more negative at the left side (the onset of the negativity was appr. 240 ms). Motor reactions were preceded by an epoch
EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS AND ATTENTIONAL PROCESSES CRIMINATION Istvan Czigler and Gergely Inst. Psychology, Budapest,
AND IN
AUTOMATIC VISUAL DIS-
Csibra Hungary
In a reaction time task the identification of target stimuli with a salient deviant feature elicited an occipital negative wave in the 148-180 ms range. This component was followed by another posterior negativity and an anterior positivity in the 180-260 ms range. Target stimuli with less salient deviant features elicited the latter waves as well. When only stimuli with the conjunction of two deviant features were task-relevant, the deviant stimuli with one deviant feature elicited similar waves and a late parietal positivity. The target, how-
ANIMAL
MODEL
OF MISMATCH
NEGATIVITY BIOFEEDBACK IN THE TREATMENT SION IN THE CARDIAC TRANSPLANT
Valeria Csepe. G. Karmos and M. MolnLr Institute for Psychology, Hungarian Academy Budapest. Hungary
POTENTIALS
IN
OF HYPERTENPATIENT
of Sciences, James P. Culbert Medical College of Virginia,
The experimental data on the characteristic deflection of the human event-related potentials (ERPs), the mismatch negatively (MMN), show that sensory stimuli are fully processed, independently of attention. According to ERP and evoked magnetic field data the memory store of auditory sensory information, having a crucial role in stimulus comparison, might be located in the auditory cortex. Our experimental program run in cats was designed to follow ERP changes recorded from different cortical areas, and subcortical structures belonging to the auditory pathway (medial geniculate body, colliculus inferior) and outside of it (hippocampus). ERP recordings were run in different stages of sleep-wakefulness cycle and during pentobarbital anesthesia. Short tones of different frequencies were given in various experimental blocks. For frequency differences between the standard and deviant tones 200-1000 Hz was used in 200 Hz steps. The probability of deviants was 10%. There was strong experimental evidence that several generator processes might be activated by stimulus deviance. Primary and secondary auditory cortical ERPs show different MMN changes. It seems that MMN can be generated in sensory specific subcortical structures and even outside of the auditory pathway.
EVENT-RELATED STROOP TASK
(1100-300 ms before the response) where the ERPs of trials with stimulus/response conflict were relatively positive. However, the negativity preceding the response (motor potential) appeared to be independent of the stimulus/response conflict. ‘Word’ responses were preceded and followed by a positive wave, independent of the motor potential. This positively is considered to be a very late member of the P3 complex, related to semantic memory processes.
A
Richmond,
Virginia
Biofeedback treatments have demonstrated effectiveness in the treatment of hypertension, but the present way in which these treatments affect the change is unclear because multiple physiological systems contribute to the control of blood pressure. The present study involved the treatment of hypertension in a cardiac transplant patient to determine if biofeedback could be useful in a patient who no longer has direct innervation by the autonomic nervous system to the heart. The patient entered treatment 20 months post transplant with a baseline blood pressure of 150/100. Multiple baseline measures prior to treatment did not result in significant change. Treatment consisted of breathing techniques, progressive muscle relaxation, Frontalis EMG biofeedback to a criteria of less than two integral average microvolts and finger temperature feedback to a criteria of 94°C. Blood pressure at the end of treatment was 130/8h and was maintained at 2, 4 and 6 month follow-up. The results support the use of bio-behavioral interventions in treatment of patients without direct autonomic innervation of the heart. Ongoing research directed at finding the mechanism responsible for learned control of blood pressure in this patient population is discussed as well as how this might assist in the treatment of other patients with essential hypertension.
LEXICAL
Gergely Csibra and Istvin Czigler Inst. Psychology, Budapest, Hungary In a reaction time situation subjects made a word/non-word decision to strings of four letters. Decision should be based on the order of the letters described in each trial separately, while the strings could be either words or non-words when they were read from left to right. The ‘non-word’ RT was longer than the ‘word RT’, and RT increased further when the (correct) non-word decision was made to strings which constituted a word in the (traditional) left to right order. Event related potentials (ERPs) following the strings were more negative at the left side (the onset of the negativity was appr. 240 ms). Motor reactions were preceded by an epoch
EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS AND ATTENTIONAL PROCESSES CRIMINATION Istvan Czigler and Gergely Inst. Psychology, Budapest,
AND IN
AUTOMATIC VISUAL DIS-
Csibra Hungary
In a reaction time task the identification of target stimuli with a salient deviant feature elicited an occipital negative wave in the 148-180 ms range. This component was followed by another posterior negativity and an anterior positivity in the 180-260 ms range. Target stimuli with less salient deviant features elicited the latter waves as well. When only stimuli with the conjunction of two deviant features were task-relevant, the deviant stimuli with one deviant feature elicited similar waves and a late parietal positivity. The target, how-