EVOH ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer

EVOH ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

REFERENCES

GENERAL Common name

-

ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer

CAS name

-

ethenol, polymer with ethene

Acronym

-

EVOH

CAS number

-

25067-34-9, 26221-27-2

Person to discover

-

Perrin, M W; Fawcett, E W; Paton, J G; Williams, E G, of ICI

Date

-

1940

Details

-

polymerization patented

Monomer(s) structure

-

CH3COOCH=CH2; CH2=CH2

Monomer(s) CAS number(s)

-

108-05-4; 74-85-1

Monomer(s) molecular weight(s)

dalton, g/ mol, amu

86.09; 28.05

Ethylene content

mol%

27-48

Hydroxyl group content

%

52-70

Method of synthesis

-

EVOH is produced by a controlled hydrolysis of EVAC

Mass average molecular weight, Mw

dalton, g/ mol, amu

60,000

Crystallinity

%

35-67

Cell type (lattice)

-

hexagonal, orthorhombic

Number of chains per unit cell

-

2

Chain conformation

-

HISTORY Perrin, M W; Fawcett, E W; Paton, J G; Williams, E G, US Patent 2,200,429, ICI, May 14, 1940.

SYNTHESIS

STRUCTURE

planar-zigzag

Crystallization enthalpy

Jg

Rapid crystallization temperature

o

-1

C

69

142-171

COMMERCIAL POLYMERS Some manufacturers

-

Eval Europe; Noltex

Trade names

-

Eval; Soarnol

Composition information

-

slip  2100 ppm; antiblock  6300-15000 ppm

Density at 20oC

g cm-3

1.12-1.2

Bulk density at 20oC

g cm-3

0.64-0.74

Color

-

white to slightly yellowish

Transmittance

%

60-75

Haze

%

1.5-4

Gloss, 60o, Gardner (ASTM D523)

%

82-95

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

132

Franco-Urquiza, E; Santana, O O; Gámez-Pérez, J; Martínez, A B; Maspoch, M L, eXPRESS Polym. Lett., 4, 3, 153-60, 2010.

HANDBOOK OF POLYMERS / Copyrights 2012; ChemTec Publishing

Gimenez, E; Cabedo, L; Lagaron, J M; Gavara, R; Saura, J J, Antec, 2035-39, 2004.

EVOH ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

Odor

-

odorless

Melting temperature, DSC

o

C

Decomposition temperature

o

C

Thermal expansion coefcient

o

C

Glass transition temperature

o

C

Specic heat capacity

J K-1 kg-1

Vicat temperature VST/A/50

o

Surface tension

mN m-1

30.6-35.5

Surface resistivity

ohm

1.9-2.7E15

155-193

REFERENCES

Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer explained, EVAL (Kuraray).

>245 -1

C

5-8E-5 (below Tg); 1.1-1.3E-4 (above Tg)

Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer explained, EVAL (Kuraray).

44-72

Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer explained, EVAL (Kuraray).

155-173

Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer explained, EVAL (Kuraray).

Coefcient of friction

-

0.34 (metal); 0.66 (itself)

Permeability to nitrogen, 25oC

cm3 20 Pm m-2 24 h atm

0.017-0.13 (LDPE=3100)

Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer explained, EVAL (Kuraray).

Permeability to oxygen, 25oC

cm3 20 Pm m-2 24 h atm

0.27-1.23 (LDPE=12,000)

Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer explained, EVAL (Kuraray).

Permeability to water vapor, 25oC

cm3 mm2 m-2 day-1

5

Sunny, M C; Ramesh, P; Mohanan, P V; George, K E, Polym. Adv. Technol., 21, 621-31, 2010.

Contact angle of water, 20oC

degree

65

Sunny, M C; Ramesh, P; Mohanan, P V; George, K E, Polym. Adv. Technol., 21, 621-31, 2010.

MECHANICAL & RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Tensile strength

MPa

50-70

Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer explained, EVAL (Kuraray).

Tensile modulus

MPa

1,960-3,100

Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer explained, EVAL (Kuraray).

Tensile stress at yield

MPa

65-75

Elongation

%

180-400

Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer explained, EVAL (Kuraray).

Young’s modulus

MPa

2,160-3,600

Lambert, S; Chan, J; Hayashi, N; Takada, S; Michihata, K; Haneda, Y, Antec, 2411-5, 2001; Cabedo, L; Lagaron, J M; Cava, D; Saura, J J; Giminez, E, Polym. Testing, 25, 860-67, 2006.

Tear strength

N mm-1

41

Abrasion resistance (ASTM D1175)

mg/1000 cycles

1.2-2.2

Shore A hardness

-

85

Rockwell hardness

-

Brittleness temperature (ASTM D746)

o

Melt viscosity, shear rate=1000 s-1

Pa s

1400-2700 (190oC); 900-1700 (210oC); 600-1300 (230oC)

Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer explained, EVAL (Kuraray).

Melt index, 230oC/3.8 kg

g/10 min

1.6-5.5 (190oC); 1.8-13.0 (210oC); 6.2-22 (230oC)

Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer explained, EVAL (Kuraray).

Maximum melt temperature

o

221

Melt density

g cm-3 at 200oC

Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer explained, EVAL (Kuraray).

M88-M100 C

C

-76

1.02-1.06

HANDBOOK OF POLYMERS / Copyrights 2012; ChemTec Publishing

Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer explained, EVAL (Kuraray).

133

EVOH ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL RESISTANCE Acid dilute/concentrated

-

fair

Alcohols

-

poor-good

Alkalis

-

fair

Aliphatic hydrocarbons

-

very good

Aromatic hydrocarbons

-

very good

Esters

-

very good

Greases & oils

-

good

Halogenated hydrocarbons

-

good

Ketones

-

good

FLAMMABILITY Ignition temperature

o

C

>200

Autoignition temperature

o

C

500

Limiting oxygen index

% O2

Heat release

kW m-2

1,750

Heat of combustion

J g-1

30,000-32,000

Volatile products of combustion

-

CO, CO2, H2O, organic acids, aldehydes, alcohols

Typical biodegradants

-

Salmonella

Stabilizers

-

chitosan

-

not listed by ACGIH, NIOSH, NTP

Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, LC50, 96 h

mg l-1

>8,300

Aquatic toxicity, Bluegill sunsh, LC50, 96 h

mg l-1

>10,000

Biological oxygen demand, BOD5

-

0-5

Chemical oxygen demand

mg O2 g-1

1800

Typical processing methods

-

mono- and multi-layer lm extrusion, blow molding, pipe coextrusion, extrusion coating, co-injection molding, lamination

Preprocess drying: temperature/ time/residual moisture

o

C/h/%

110/10/-

Processing temperature

o

C

185-240; 170-220 (extrusion)

Applications

-

food packaging, fuel tanks, tubes

Outstanding properties

-

oxygen and odor barrier properties

Matsuda, N; Shirasaka, H; Takayama, K; Ishikawa, T; Takeda, K, Polym. Deg. Stab., 79, 13-20, 2003.

BIODEGRADATION

TOXICITY Carcinogenic effect

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

PROCESSING

134

HANDBOOK OF POLYMERS / Copyrights 2012; ChemTec Publishing

Fernandez-Saiz, P; Ocio, M J; Lagaron, J M, Carbohydrate Polym., 80, 874-84, 2010.

EVOH ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer PARAMETER

UNIT

VALUE

-

HDPE, PA, PMMA, PP, PVP

REFERENCES

BLENDS Suitable polymers

HANDBOOK OF POLYMERS / Copyrights 2012; ChemTec Publishing

135