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excavations Geological factors of importance in underground excavations
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575 MIRER, SV Probimg the stress distribution arourA the seam by means of a hydraulic sensor.ln Russian. UGOL, V~9, Nl0, OCT. 197~, ~65-66. 576 K~qISEL, M LLrPIAC,M Soll stresses acting on the Auber u n d ~ r o u m d railway station umdar Paris.Conferemce.Sessi~n two.In French.llF, IR. PROC.EIGHTH INT.CONF.ON SOIL MECH.FOUND.ENGE~3,MOSCOW, 1973,Vi. 3,1973, P121-126.
tivity of a gas storage reservoir.Rep~.102F. US BUR.MINES, RI 7952,1974,133P.
Construction methods 58X ALMGBEN, GE L~ UNIV. S CUt amd fill mining in Sweden. Development tremds and applications. Abstract of paper for Soc.Min. Er~rs,1975 AIME, Arm.Meeting, Nzw York. M I N . E ~ , AIMS,V26, N12, DEC. 1974, B62. 582
Surface subsidence and caving 577 ~TEWELL, PB UNIV •DUEHAM, GB FARMER, IW UNIV •IX;RHAM,GB Grour~ settlement above shield driven tumaels in clay. 5F, 2T, 17R. TUNNELS AND %~oq~NELLING,VT, NI, JAN-FEB,1975,P58-62. This paper discusses factors affecting settlement above shield driven tunnels in clay, surface strain and the prediction of settlement. Surface settlement during tunnelling is concluded to be a reflection of Ixmnnanent ground deformation at the tn~n~l face, arotmd the tumrel shield amd inside the grouted or expamded linimg. A m~thematical f ~ . l a for the prediction of settlement from empirical relationships is given.
Temporary and permanent supports 578 WILSON, JW Support of umd~grourd excavations in deep-level, hard-rock mines - 1 - %hln tabular atopes. 14F,1T, 16R. IMM BULL. TRANS. A,V8~, N818, JAN. 1975, p. A29-A39 . A sn,~ry of traditional mining methods and support techniques normally used in the South African mining industry, amd a detailed review of suplx~t types used in hard rock mines, are given. To obtain a elear~ urderstm-J!ng of mine suplxrt b e h a v i ~ laboratory tests were conducted with various pack constructions built from timber, concrete and other materials. Tests were performed with a special-ptu~pose rigid hydraulic press developed specifically to simulate und~ground corzlitions. Compressive stremgths were derived for the timber and concrete components to ensure suitable losd-compression characteristics for the stops SUPlX~rt. Urzlaround field trials with composite packs in a stops ft below surface resulted in improved strata control amd a better control of the stopimg width.
Geological factors of importance in underground excavations 579 ~1.1.~:, t~ R.E.H~T Lk'r~'E ASSOC.BIRHI 1~GI~I,M_~. USA COX,I ~ ~ . ~ L ~ USA Engineering geology problems associated with cav~rneus formations. Abstract of paper for Soc. M~m.Er~rs. 1975 AIME Ann.Meeting, New York. MIN. ENGNS, AIME, V26, N12, DEC. 1974, I~69. 580 OVERBEY, WK SAWYER, WK HENNIGER, BR Relationships of earth fracture systems to produc-
8INGH,TN SINGH, B The mechamlmm of caving of lor~wall fsees. J. MINES, ~TALS, FUELS, V22, NT, JULY, 197~, P189" 201. Positive prediction of caveability of strata is still at an early stage of dawelolmment, although different empirical and statistical approaches are being used in ma~f courfaries. Model i~vestigatious at the Central Minlmg Research Station (India) are described, and on the basis of the results of this work a method has been im:oposed for anticipating the caving behaviour of ar~ roof. 583 FORSDICK, WG Notes on the sliping of a 1,82m raise-borer hole into a 6,096m ventilation shaft at Ruatenburg Platira~n Mires, Ltd. 7F. ASSOC.MINE MANAGERS S.AFR.CIRCULAR, NI,1975,10P. The method of the operation, equipment used, level of safety and ecoD~ic considm.~ations of this project are discus sed.
Influence of dynamic loads due to explosions or earthquakes 5~ OLASZOW ~CZ, W Assessment of psrametars of rock vibration in longwalls in the light of tests carried out thus far. In Polish. ~L. GORN. V30, NI0, OCT. 1974, i~31- 534. The causes and sources of rock vibration aroumd mire workings are presented. On the basis of theoretical considerations, the vibration frequency in caved and baekfilled lor~wall faces has been determined usimg a simplified formula smbracing various r~tural, geological and mining parameters. The vibration parameters are compared with the results of preliminary urderground tests of frequency, amplitude and duration of vibration. 585 SNODGRASS, JJ SISKIND, DE Vibrations from umdergroumd blasting.RelX~t.22F. US BUR.MINEs RI 7937,1974,31P. The Bureau of Mires has investigated vibration levels produced by blastimg at four u r ~ g r O u r ~ sites to establish how such factors as type of explosive, delay blastir~, charge weight, and geology affect amplitudes of ground motion. A ~mm~ry of the work is l~esented, and the results of fuzther analysis of the data are discussed. Square root scalirg was found applicable to two of the umd~grotmd sites stud could be applied with minor error to all the sites. Comparison of empirical propagation equations in the different rock types irzlicates that althot~h the site ~ffect is apparentj the combined data may be used as a basis for emgineerimg estimates of vibration amplitudes from subsurface blastimg in mar~ different rock ty10es.
575 MIRER, SV Probimg the stress distribution arourA the seam by means of a hydraulic sensor.ln Russian. UGOL, V~9, Nl0, OCT. 197~, ~65-66. 576 K~qISEL, M LLrPIAC,M Soll stresses acting on the Auber u n d ~ r o u m d railway station umdar Paris.Conferemce.Sessi~n two.In French.llF, IR. PROC.EIGHTH INT.CONF.ON SOIL MECH.FOUND.ENGE~3,MOSCOW, 1973,Vi. 3,1973, P121-126.
tivity of a gas storage reservoir.Rep~.102F. US BUR.MINES, RI 7952,1974,133P.
Construction methods 58X ALMGBEN, GE L~ UNIV. S CUt amd fill mining in Sweden. Development tremds and applications. Abstract of paper for Soc.Min. Er~rs,1975 AIME, Arm.Meeting, Nzw York. M I N . E ~ , AIMS,V26, N12, DEC. 1974, B62. 582
Surface subsidence and caving 577 ~TEWELL, PB UNIV •DUEHAM, GB FARMER, IW UNIV •IX;RHAM,GB Grour~ settlement above shield driven tumaels in clay. 5F, 2T, 17R. TUNNELS AND %~oq~NELLING,VT, NI, JAN-FEB,1975,P58-62. This paper discusses factors affecting settlement above shield driven tunnels in clay, surface strain and the prediction of settlement. Surface settlement during tunnelling is concluded to be a reflection of Ixmnnanent ground deformation at the tn~n~l face, arotmd the tumrel shield amd inside the grouted or expamded linimg. A m~thematical f ~ . l a for the prediction of settlement from empirical relationships is given.
Temporary and permanent supports 578 WILSON, JW Support of umd~grourd excavations in deep-level, hard-rock mines - 1 - %hln tabular atopes. 14F,1T, 16R. IMM BULL. TRANS. A,V8~, N818, JAN. 1975, p. A29-A39 . A sn,~ry of traditional mining methods and support techniques normally used in the South African mining industry, amd a detailed review of suplx~t types used in hard rock mines, are given. To obtain a elear~ urderstm-J!ng of mine suplxrt b e h a v i ~ laboratory tests were conducted with various pack constructions built from timber, concrete and other materials. Tests were performed with a special-ptu~pose rigid hydraulic press developed specifically to simulate und~ground corzlitions. Compressive stremgths were derived for the timber and concrete components to ensure suitable losd-compression characteristics for the stops SUPlX~rt. Urzlaround field trials with composite packs in a stops ft below surface resulted in improved strata control amd a better control of the stopimg width.
Geological factors of importance in underground excavations 579 ~1.1.~:, t~ R.E.H~T Lk'r~'E ASSOC.BIRHI 1~GI~I,M_~. USA COX,I ~ ~ . ~ L ~ USA Engineering geology problems associated with cav~rneus formations. Abstract of paper for Soc. M~m.Er~rs. 1975 AIME Ann.Meeting, New York. MIN. ENGNS, AIME, V26, N12, DEC. 1974, I~69. 580 OVERBEY, WK SAWYER, WK HENNIGER, BR Relationships of earth fracture systems to produc-
8INGH,TN SINGH, B The mechamlmm of caving of lor~wall fsees. J. MINES, ~TALS, FUELS, V22, NT, JULY, 197~, P189" 201. Positive prediction of caveability of strata is still at an early stage of dawelolmment, although different empirical and statistical approaches are being used in ma~f courfaries. Model i~vestigatious at the Central Minlmg Research Station (India) are described, and on the basis of the results of this work a method has been im:oposed for anticipating the caving behaviour of ar~ roof. 583 FORSDICK, WG Notes on the sliping of a 1,82m raise-borer hole into a 6,096m ventilation shaft at Ruatenburg Platira~n Mires, Ltd. 7F. ASSOC.MINE MANAGERS S.AFR.CIRCULAR, NI,1975,10P. The method of the operation, equipment used, level of safety and ecoD~ic considm.~ations of this project are discus sed.
Influence of dynamic loads due to explosions or earthquakes 5~ OLASZOW ~CZ, W Assessment of psrametars of rock vibration in longwalls in the light of tests carried out thus far. In Polish. ~L. GORN. V30, NI0, OCT. 1974, i~31- 534. The causes and sources of rock vibration aroumd mire workings are presented. On the basis of theoretical considerations, the vibration frequency in caved and baekfilled lor~wall faces has been determined usimg a simplified formula smbracing various r~tural, geological and mining parameters. The vibration parameters are compared with the results of preliminary urderground tests of frequency, amplitude and duration of vibration. 585 SNODGRASS, JJ SISKIND, DE Vibrations from umdergroumd blasting.RelX~t.22F. US BUR.MINEs RI 7937,1974,31P. The Bureau of Mires has investigated vibration levels produced by blastimg at four u r ~ g r O u r ~ sites to establish how such factors as type of explosive, delay blastir~, charge weight, and geology affect amplitudes of ground motion. A ~mm~ry of the work is l~esented, and the results of fuzther analysis of the data are discussed. Square root scalirg was found applicable to two of the umd~grotmd sites stud could be applied with minor error to all the sites. Comparison of empirical propagation equations in the different rock types irzlicates that althot~h the site ~ffect is apparentj the combined data may be used as a basis for emgineerimg estimates of vibration amplitudes from subsurface blastimg in mar~ different rock ty10es.