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Excretion and Retention of P32 and Ca45 by Laying Hens
Excretion and Retention of P32 and Ca45 by Laying Hens RAY L. SHIRLEY, 1 J..CLYDE DRIGGERS, 2 JOHN MCCALL, 1 GEORGE K. DAVIS 1 AND N. R. MEHRHOF 2 University of Florida Agriczdtural Experiment Station, Gainesville
information conQUANTITATIVE cerning the retention and excretion of calcium and phosphorus by the normal laying hen is basic to an understanding of the metabolism of these elements and of the influence of various factors causing changes in their metabolism. In the experiments reported here, P82 and Ca45 were administered orally, individually and concurrently to laying hens. Determinations were made of the rate of excretion and duration of excretion and the quantity of the isotopes retained in the various tissues of the hens when the isotopes could no longer be detected in the excrement. EXPERIMENTAL
S. C. White Leghorn laying hens, weighing 1,400 to 1,600 grams, and approximately 10 months of age were placed in individual cages and fed a complete laying mash. The radioactive isotopes were administered orally as aliquots of aqueous solutions. The P32 was in solution as carrier-free phosphoric acid while the Ca45 solution contained 21.5 grams of CaCl2 per millicurie. Four hens received 70 microcuries of Ca4S, one hen 200 microcuries and one hen 300 microcuries of P32, and two hens 70 microcuries of Ca45 plus 1 Member of the Department of Animal Husbandry and Nutrition. 2 Member of the Department of Poultry Husbandry.
300 microcuries of P 82 ..The eggs laid by these hens after dosage were collected for two weeks and incubated. The chicks which hatched were sacrificed and the distribution of isotopes in their tissues was determined. These results were presented elsewhere (Driggers et al., 1951). Three additional hens were given oral concurrent doses of P32 and Ca46, but were sacrificed 10 days later and the distribution of the isotopes in their bones determined. The excrement was collected daily during the first five days, and then every third day until 65 days had elapsed, and subsequently at weekly intervals. Two of the hens that received the Ca4B died at 75 and 109 days, respectively, after receiving the dose. The other 6 hens were sacrificed at 129 to 132 days after receiving the isotopes. Various tissues were isolated from all hens in order to determine the residual isotope present. Both excrement and tissue samples were wet digested with concentrated nitric acid and made up to definite volume with distilled water. Suitable aliquots were then taken for P32 assay using dipping-type Geiger tubes, total phosphorus determination by the volumetric phosphomolybdate method (A.O.A.C., 1945), and Ca45 determination by the oxalate precipitate method (Shirley et al., 1950). The total calcium was calculated from the weight of the oxalate precipitate.
730
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(Received for publication December 27, 1950)
EXCRETION AND RETENTION OF RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
48
Excretion of Ca : Approximately 25 to 45, 2 to 7, 0.4 to 1.0, and 0.1 to 0.2 percent of the dose was found in the excrement on the first, second, third to fifth, and sixth
731
BY HENS
to twentieth days after administration, respectively. When the percent dose of Ca4S per gram of total calcium were calculated, the values ranged from approximately 10 to 20, 1 to 2, 0.1 to 0.3 and 0.02 to 0.08 percent on the first, second, third to fifth, and sixth to twentieth days, respectively. From the twentieth to the forty-fifth day, traces of the isotope were detected, but subsequently none were found. These data show that approximately 90 percent- of the excreted oral dose was voided during the first five days after dosage. The lower values found for the percent dose of Ca4S per gram of total calcium, relative to the percent dose of P32 per unit weight of total phosphorus, is believed to be largely, 1) a reflection of the greater amount of the calcium in the diet of the laying hens, and 2) a greater proportion of the metabolized calcium going into the formatipn of the egg shell. Retention of the P32 in the tissues: In Tables 1 and 2, the data are presented that were obtained for the percent of the P32 dose found per gram of the various tissues at approximately 130 days after
TABLE 1.—Percent dose of Cai6 and P 32 found per gram of tissue when hens were sacrificed1 No. Hen Isotope Femur Tibia Breast Bone Vertebra Pubis Leg Muscle Breast Muscle Liver Yolk and White Shell No. eggs laid 1
5172
5722
46
46
Ca
Ca
0.069
0.016 0.014 N.S. N.S. 0.009 0.00001 None 6 Trace 4 N.S. Trace 72
o.oso3
N.S. N.S. 0.037 0.00005 0.00003 0.00007 0.0005 N.S. 54
672
627
Ca«
46
0.011 0.013 0.009 0.010 0.003 0.00003 Trace None Trace Trace 102
Ca
0.025 0.013 0.026 0.021 0.021 None Trace None None 0.003 98
671
625
p32
p32
0.026 0.022 0.016 0.030 None None None None None None 94
0.089 0.045 0.035 N.S. None None None None None None 75
This table includes data obtained on hens receiving individual isotope doses only. Hens No. 517 and 572 died 79 and 109 days after receiving the isotope, respectively, from unknown causes. The remaining hens were sacrificed 129 to 132 days after receiving the isotope doses. 3 N.S. indicates that no sample was procured for analysis. 4 Trace indicates that sample had from 5 to 10 counts per minute above background. 6 None means that less than 5 counts per minute above background was present. 2
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Excretion of P 32 : Approximately 30 to 40, 7, 1, and less than 1 percent of the P32 dose was excreted in the excrement during the first, second, third, and fourth days, respectively, after the dose was administered orally. From 10 to 65 days, the excretion was in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 percent per day. Thus, approximately 90 percent of excreted oral dose was voided during the first four days after dosage. On the basis of percent dose of isotope per milligram of total phosphorus in the excrement, values ranged from approximately 0.2 to 0.5, 0.01 to 0.02, and 0.001 to 0.005 percent for the first, second, and third to tenth days after administration, respectively. After the tenth day, the values leveled off in the range of 0.0001 to 0.001 percent where they remained until the 65th day. Beyond 65 days after administration of the P32, no isotope could be detected in the excrement.
P32 AND Ca45
732
SHIRLEY, DRIGGERS, MCCALL, DAVIS AND MEHRHOF
tibia, and breast bones, but only 56.4 percent in the case of the vertebra, while the pubis had a 100 percent turnover. Cook et al. (1937) reported an appreciable turnover of P32 in 13 different tissues of young chicks between 4 and 60 days after dosage; the turnover in the case of bone was 50 percent. The chicks were found to excrete on the average 22.8 percent of the P32 which was approximately one half that excreted by the hens used in this investigation. Hens 542 and 593 which received the P32 and Ca46 concurrently had essentially the same concentration of P32 in the bones at the time of sacrifice as the hens that received the P32 dose only. It is interesting that the percent dose of the P32 and Ca45 in the bones of the hens at 130 days is so similar, i.e., approximately 0.02 percent per gram in most cases. Retention of Ca*s in the tissues: The data are presented in Tables 1 and 2 that were obtained for the concentration of Ca46 in the various tissues after the isotope could no longer be detected in the excrement. Hen 571 contained at 79 days after dosage appreciably more Ca4S in its various tissues than hen 572 at 109 days after administration. On the other hand, very little difference exists between the values of the latter hen and those sacrificed at
TABLE 2.—Percent dose of Cais and P 32 found per gram of tissue when hens were sacrificed1 N o . Hen Isotope Days* Femur Tibia Breast Bone Vertebra Pubis Leg Muscle Breast Muscle Liver Yolk a n d White Shell No. Eggs Laid 1 2 3
542 Ca»s
1032
593 psJ
130 0.016 0.036 0.014 0.033 0.006 0.013 0.009 0.020 0.004 None Trace None None None None None Trace None Trace None 70
P32
Ca«
P»2
Ca«
10
10
0.240 0.280 0.180 0.250 0.180 0.230 0.060 0.067 0.100 0 . 1 5 0 N.S. N . S . u
0.210 0.370 0.150 0.230 0.110 0.200 0.073 0.100 0.190 0.300 N.S. N.S.
0.081 0.076 0.067 0.033 0.050 N.S.
Ca«
130 0.013 0.012 0.020 0.016 0.018 0.00007 Trace None Trace None 63
0.020 0.019 0.045 0.044 None None None None None None
P
" U
11
«K
«« 3
Ca
«u
(1
«
Lt
0
P«
Ca«
P32
10
«u a
% Turnover 3
1329
1112 32
0.19 0.13 0.11 0.047 0.075 N.S.
u
«
« "a
« "u 8
92.4 8 4 . 6 91.5 8 5 . 4 87.5 8 5 . 0 74.5 5 6 . 4 89.8 100.0
— — — — —
— — — — —
This table includes data on hens that received concurrent doses of the isotopes. Days between dosage and sacrifice. Percent difference in isotope concentration of average values obtained at 10 days and approximately 130 days after dosage, including values in Table 1.
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dosage and approximately 65 days after the hens no longer excreted a detectable amount of the isotope in the excrement. Of all the tissues analyzed, only the bones contained any residual P32. The femur, tibia, breast bone, and vertebra contained in the range of .02 to .05 percent of the dose, while none was found in the pubic bone. The leg and breast muscle, liver, heart, brain, uterus, proventriculus, alimentary contents, blood, shell, yolk, and white of egg, contained no detectable quantity of P32. In Table 2, data are presented that were obtained for the concentration of P32 in the various bones of the 3 hens that received the concurrent doses of P32 and Ca4S and were sacrificed 10 days later. These data reflect the number of eggs laid between dosage and time of sacrifice. Hen 1329, which laid 8 eggs had approximately half as much isotope present in the various bones as the other two hens. Even the hen that laid 3 eggs had appreciably less P32 in the femur, vertebra, and pubis bones than the hen that laid no eggs. By taking the average P82 values of these 3 hens and comparing with the average concentrations of the hens sacrificed at approximately 130 days after dosage, there was a turnover of approximately 85 percent in the case of the femur,
EXCRETION AND RETENTION OF
Hens 542 and 593 which received concurrent doses of P32 and Ca45 had essentially the same content of residual Ca45 in their tissues as the hens that received the Ca48 only at 130 days after dosage. On the basis of percent dose of Ca45 per gram of total calcium, the average values at 10 days after administration compared to the corresponding values at 130 days indicate a 90 to 94 percent turnover of the Ca45 between 10 and 130 days in the various bones, which checks closely with the above calculations based on percent dose per gram of tissue. SUMMARY Radioactive Ca45 and P32 were given orally in individual and concurrent doses to laying hens fed a complete laying mash. The rates of excretion of the isotopes in the excrement were determined.
HENS
733
No Ca48 and P32 could be detected in the excrement beyond 45 and 65 days after dosage, respectively. Six hens excreted an average of 50.4 percent of the Ca46 dose, and 4 hens excreted an average of 52.8 percent of the P32 dose. About 90 percent of these quantities were excreted during the first four days after dosage. At approximately 130 days after dosage, the hens contained Ca4S in the femur, tibia, breast bone, vertebra, and pubis in the range of 0.01 to 0.05 percent per gram of tissue. No P32 was found at this time in the pubis, but the other bones had essentially the same percentage of P32 as Ca46. The turnover of the Ca48 between 10 and 130 days after dosage was slightly greater than P32 in the femur, tibia, breast bone, and vertebra, but only approximately 90 percent compared to 100 percent in turnover of P32 in the case of the pubic bone. Leg and breast muscle, liver, heart, brain, uterus, proventriculus, alimentary contents, blood, shell, and yolk and white contained no detectable amount of P32 and only a few of the samples of muscle, liver, and egg contained measurable amounts or traces of Ca46 at 130 days after oral dosage. REFERENCES Cook, S. F., K. G. Scott and P. Abelson, 1937. The deposition of radiophosphorus in tissues of growing chicks. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 23: 528. Driggers, J. C , R. L. Shirley, G. K. Davis and N. R. Mehrhof, 1951. The transference of radioactive calcium and phosphorus from hen to chick. Poultry Sci. 30: 199-204. Official and Tentative Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. 1945. Washington, D. C. Shirley, R. L., R. D. Owens and G. K. Davis, 1950. Comparison of calcium-45 oxalate and carbonate precipitates for radioactive assays. Anal. Chem. 23: 1003-1004. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Published with the permission of the Director of the Florida Agricultural
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at Purdue University Libraries ADMN on June 6, 2016
approximately 130 days after dosage. In Table 2, the data are presented that were obtained for the concentration of Ca45 in the various bones of the 3 hens that received the concurrent doses of Ca45 and P32 and were sacrificed 10 days later. Hen 1329 which laid 8 eggs had approximately half as much Ca45 present in the various bones as the other two hens. Hen 1032 which laid 3 eggs had appreciably less Ca46 in the pubic bone than hen 1112 which laid no eggs. By taking the average Ca4S values of those 3 hens and comparing them with the average concentrations of of the hens sacrificed at approximately 130 days after dosage, there was a turnover of approximately 90 percent in the case of the femur, tibia, breast bone, and pubis, but only 74.5 percent in the case of the vertebra. Thus, the turnover of Ca46 is slightly greater than P32 in the femur, tibia, breast bone, and vertebra, but only 89.8 percent compared with 100 percent in turnover of P32 in the case of the pubic bone.
P32 AND Ca45 BY
734
NEWS AND NOTES
Experiment Station. The writers are very grateful to Francis L. Coune, Marvin H. Herndon, Alan Lovelace, and Jackson McClenny for technical assistance in the course of this experiment. The isotopes
used were received from Oak Ridge National Laboratories after allocation by the Atomic Energy Commission Isotopes Division,
News and Notes monds, Utah Poultry and Farmers Cooperative; H. H. Alp, American Farm Bureau Federation; J. D. Sykes, Ralston Purina Company; and L. Parsons, Poultry Industry—are also delegates. Industry members include: L. Hubbard, National Poultry Producers Federation, and A. Van Wagenen, Northeastern Poultry Producers Council, representing producers; E. S. McConnell, Browning Turkey Farm, representing turkey growers; J. Jewell, J. D. Jewell, Inc., and C. D. Carpenter, Institute of America Poultry Industries, representing processors. T. W. Staley, American Feed Manufacturers Association, will represent feed men; A. Goldhaft, Vineland Poultry Laboratories, will represent veterinarians; H. Huntington, Poultry and Egg National Board, represents the consumer promotion field, Kathryn B. Niles of PENB and the American Home Economics Association, will represent home economists. G. Jaap, Ohio State University will represent colleges; and R. Lynnes, Poultry Supply Dealer, the poultry publishers group. Dewey Termohlen, Head of the Poultry Branch, U. S. Department of Agriculture, is President of the Worlds Poultry Science Association and will receive the official French welcome to the Congress.
APEI NOTES
The objective of $3000 for research on the interior egg quality problem, initiated by the Associated Poultry and Egg Industries, has been achieved. MINNESOTA NOTES
George M. Briggs, Associate Professor of Poultry Husbandry at the University of Minnesota, began work with the National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, in July. He is Chief of the Poultry Nutrition Unit of the Biochemistry and Nutrition Laboratory. A member of the University of Minnesota staff since November, 1947, Dr. Briggs is well known for his work in poultry nutrition. He is a native of Grantsburg, Wisconsin, and attended grade and high school at Madison, Wisconsin. He received his bachelor's, master's and doctor's degrees from the University of Wisconsin. Before coming to Minnesota, Dr. Briggs served on the staffs of the Universities of Wisconsin and Maryland. s TEXAS NOTES
Delvin R. Barrett, Assistant Marketing Specialist of Texas A and M College, has resigned to become Assistant County Agricultural Agent of McLennan County, with offices in Waco. John Evans has been named Instructor
{Continued on page 737)
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{Continued from page 729)
information conQUANTITATIVE cerning the retention and excretion of calcium and phosphorus by the normal laying hen is basic to an understanding of the metabolism of these elements and of the influence of various factors causing changes in their metabolism. In the experiments reported here, P82 and Ca45 were administered orally, individually and concurrently to laying hens. Determinations were made of the rate of excretion and duration of excretion and the quantity of the isotopes retained in the various tissues of the hens when the isotopes could no longer be detected in the excrement. EXPERIMENTAL
S. C. White Leghorn laying hens, weighing 1,400 to 1,600 grams, and approximately 10 months of age were placed in individual cages and fed a complete laying mash. The radioactive isotopes were administered orally as aliquots of aqueous solutions. The P32 was in solution as carrier-free phosphoric acid while the Ca45 solution contained 21.5 grams of CaCl2 per millicurie. Four hens received 70 microcuries of Ca4S, one hen 200 microcuries and one hen 300 microcuries of P32, and two hens 70 microcuries of Ca45 plus 1 Member of the Department of Animal Husbandry and Nutrition. 2 Member of the Department of Poultry Husbandry.
300 microcuries of P 82 ..The eggs laid by these hens after dosage were collected for two weeks and incubated. The chicks which hatched were sacrificed and the distribution of isotopes in their tissues was determined. These results were presented elsewhere (Driggers et al., 1951). Three additional hens were given oral concurrent doses of P32 and Ca46, but were sacrificed 10 days later and the distribution of the isotopes in their bones determined. The excrement was collected daily during the first five days, and then every third day until 65 days had elapsed, and subsequently at weekly intervals. Two of the hens that received the Ca4B died at 75 and 109 days, respectively, after receiving the dose. The other 6 hens were sacrificed at 129 to 132 days after receiving the isotopes. Various tissues were isolated from all hens in order to determine the residual isotope present. Both excrement and tissue samples were wet digested with concentrated nitric acid and made up to definite volume with distilled water. Suitable aliquots were then taken for P32 assay using dipping-type Geiger tubes, total phosphorus determination by the volumetric phosphomolybdate method (A.O.A.C., 1945), and Ca45 determination by the oxalate precipitate method (Shirley et al., 1950). The total calcium was calculated from the weight of the oxalate precipitate.
730
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at Purdue University Libraries ADMN on June 6, 2016
(Received for publication December 27, 1950)
EXCRETION AND RETENTION OF RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
48
Excretion of Ca : Approximately 25 to 45, 2 to 7, 0.4 to 1.0, and 0.1 to 0.2 percent of the dose was found in the excrement on the first, second, third to fifth, and sixth
731
BY HENS
to twentieth days after administration, respectively. When the percent dose of Ca4S per gram of total calcium were calculated, the values ranged from approximately 10 to 20, 1 to 2, 0.1 to 0.3 and 0.02 to 0.08 percent on the first, second, third to fifth, and sixth to twentieth days, respectively. From the twentieth to the forty-fifth day, traces of the isotope were detected, but subsequently none were found. These data show that approximately 90 percent- of the excreted oral dose was voided during the first five days after dosage. The lower values found for the percent dose of Ca4S per gram of total calcium, relative to the percent dose of P32 per unit weight of total phosphorus, is believed to be largely, 1) a reflection of the greater amount of the calcium in the diet of the laying hens, and 2) a greater proportion of the metabolized calcium going into the formatipn of the egg shell. Retention of the P32 in the tissues: In Tables 1 and 2, the data are presented that were obtained for the percent of the P32 dose found per gram of the various tissues at approximately 130 days after
TABLE 1.—Percent dose of Cai6 and P 32 found per gram of tissue when hens were sacrificed1 No. Hen Isotope Femur Tibia Breast Bone Vertebra Pubis Leg Muscle Breast Muscle Liver Yolk and White Shell No. eggs laid 1
5172
5722
46
46
Ca
Ca
0.069
0.016 0.014 N.S. N.S. 0.009 0.00001 None 6 Trace 4 N.S. Trace 72
o.oso3
N.S. N.S. 0.037 0.00005 0.00003 0.00007 0.0005 N.S. 54
672
627
Ca«
46
0.011 0.013 0.009 0.010 0.003 0.00003 Trace None Trace Trace 102
Ca
0.025 0.013 0.026 0.021 0.021 None Trace None None 0.003 98
671
625
p32
p32
0.026 0.022 0.016 0.030 None None None None None None 94
0.089 0.045 0.035 N.S. None None None None None None 75
This table includes data obtained on hens receiving individual isotope doses only. Hens No. 517 and 572 died 79 and 109 days after receiving the isotope, respectively, from unknown causes. The remaining hens were sacrificed 129 to 132 days after receiving the isotope doses. 3 N.S. indicates that no sample was procured for analysis. 4 Trace indicates that sample had from 5 to 10 counts per minute above background. 6 None means that less than 5 counts per minute above background was present. 2
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Excretion of P 32 : Approximately 30 to 40, 7, 1, and less than 1 percent of the P32 dose was excreted in the excrement during the first, second, third, and fourth days, respectively, after the dose was administered orally. From 10 to 65 days, the excretion was in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 percent per day. Thus, approximately 90 percent of excreted oral dose was voided during the first four days after dosage. On the basis of percent dose of isotope per milligram of total phosphorus in the excrement, values ranged from approximately 0.2 to 0.5, 0.01 to 0.02, and 0.001 to 0.005 percent for the first, second, and third to tenth days after administration, respectively. After the tenth day, the values leveled off in the range of 0.0001 to 0.001 percent where they remained until the 65th day. Beyond 65 days after administration of the P32, no isotope could be detected in the excrement.
P32 AND Ca45
732
SHIRLEY, DRIGGERS, MCCALL, DAVIS AND MEHRHOF
tibia, and breast bones, but only 56.4 percent in the case of the vertebra, while the pubis had a 100 percent turnover. Cook et al. (1937) reported an appreciable turnover of P32 in 13 different tissues of young chicks between 4 and 60 days after dosage; the turnover in the case of bone was 50 percent. The chicks were found to excrete on the average 22.8 percent of the P32 which was approximately one half that excreted by the hens used in this investigation. Hens 542 and 593 which received the P32 and Ca46 concurrently had essentially the same concentration of P32 in the bones at the time of sacrifice as the hens that received the P32 dose only. It is interesting that the percent dose of the P32 and Ca45 in the bones of the hens at 130 days is so similar, i.e., approximately 0.02 percent per gram in most cases. Retention of Ca*s in the tissues: The data are presented in Tables 1 and 2 that were obtained for the concentration of Ca46 in the various tissues after the isotope could no longer be detected in the excrement. Hen 571 contained at 79 days after dosage appreciably more Ca4S in its various tissues than hen 572 at 109 days after administration. On the other hand, very little difference exists between the values of the latter hen and those sacrificed at
TABLE 2.—Percent dose of Cais and P 32 found per gram of tissue when hens were sacrificed1 N o . Hen Isotope Days* Femur Tibia Breast Bone Vertebra Pubis Leg Muscle Breast Muscle Liver Yolk a n d White Shell No. Eggs Laid 1 2 3
542 Ca»s
1032
593 psJ
130 0.016 0.036 0.014 0.033 0.006 0.013 0.009 0.020 0.004 None Trace None None None None None Trace None Trace None 70
P32
Ca«
P»2
Ca«
10
10
0.240 0.280 0.180 0.250 0.180 0.230 0.060 0.067 0.100 0 . 1 5 0 N.S. N . S . u
0.210 0.370 0.150 0.230 0.110 0.200 0.073 0.100 0.190 0.300 N.S. N.S.
0.081 0.076 0.067 0.033 0.050 N.S.
Ca«
130 0.013 0.012 0.020 0.016 0.018 0.00007 Trace None Trace None 63
0.020 0.019 0.045 0.044 None None None None None None
P
" U
11
«K
«« 3
Ca
«u
(1
«
Lt
0
P«
Ca«
P32
10
«u a
% Turnover 3
1329
1112 32
0.19 0.13 0.11 0.047 0.075 N.S.
u
«
« "a
« "u 8
92.4 8 4 . 6 91.5 8 5 . 4 87.5 8 5 . 0 74.5 5 6 . 4 89.8 100.0
— — — — —
— — — — —
This table includes data on hens that received concurrent doses of the isotopes. Days between dosage and sacrifice. Percent difference in isotope concentration of average values obtained at 10 days and approximately 130 days after dosage, including values in Table 1.
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at Purdue University Libraries ADMN on June 6, 2016
dosage and approximately 65 days after the hens no longer excreted a detectable amount of the isotope in the excrement. Of all the tissues analyzed, only the bones contained any residual P32. The femur, tibia, breast bone, and vertebra contained in the range of .02 to .05 percent of the dose, while none was found in the pubic bone. The leg and breast muscle, liver, heart, brain, uterus, proventriculus, alimentary contents, blood, shell, yolk, and white of egg, contained no detectable quantity of P32. In Table 2, data are presented that were obtained for the concentration of P32 in the various bones of the 3 hens that received the concurrent doses of P32 and Ca4S and were sacrificed 10 days later. These data reflect the number of eggs laid between dosage and time of sacrifice. Hen 1329, which laid 8 eggs had approximately half as much isotope present in the various bones as the other two hens. Even the hen that laid 3 eggs had appreciably less P32 in the femur, vertebra, and pubis bones than the hen that laid no eggs. By taking the average P82 values of these 3 hens and comparing with the average concentrations of the hens sacrificed at approximately 130 days after dosage, there was a turnover of approximately 85 percent in the case of the femur,
EXCRETION AND RETENTION OF
Hens 542 and 593 which received concurrent doses of P32 and Ca45 had essentially the same content of residual Ca45 in their tissues as the hens that received the Ca48 only at 130 days after dosage. On the basis of percent dose of Ca45 per gram of total calcium, the average values at 10 days after administration compared to the corresponding values at 130 days indicate a 90 to 94 percent turnover of the Ca45 between 10 and 130 days in the various bones, which checks closely with the above calculations based on percent dose per gram of tissue. SUMMARY Radioactive Ca45 and P32 were given orally in individual and concurrent doses to laying hens fed a complete laying mash. The rates of excretion of the isotopes in the excrement were determined.
HENS
733
No Ca48 and P32 could be detected in the excrement beyond 45 and 65 days after dosage, respectively. Six hens excreted an average of 50.4 percent of the Ca46 dose, and 4 hens excreted an average of 52.8 percent of the P32 dose. About 90 percent of these quantities were excreted during the first four days after dosage. At approximately 130 days after dosage, the hens contained Ca4S in the femur, tibia, breast bone, vertebra, and pubis in the range of 0.01 to 0.05 percent per gram of tissue. No P32 was found at this time in the pubis, but the other bones had essentially the same percentage of P32 as Ca46. The turnover of the Ca48 between 10 and 130 days after dosage was slightly greater than P32 in the femur, tibia, breast bone, and vertebra, but only approximately 90 percent compared to 100 percent in turnover of P32 in the case of the pubic bone. Leg and breast muscle, liver, heart, brain, uterus, proventriculus, alimentary contents, blood, shell, and yolk and white contained no detectable amount of P32 and only a few of the samples of muscle, liver, and egg contained measurable amounts or traces of Ca46 at 130 days after oral dosage. REFERENCES Cook, S. F., K. G. Scott and P. Abelson, 1937. The deposition of radiophosphorus in tissues of growing chicks. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 23: 528. Driggers, J. C , R. L. Shirley, G. K. Davis and N. R. Mehrhof, 1951. The transference of radioactive calcium and phosphorus from hen to chick. Poultry Sci. 30: 199-204. Official and Tentative Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. 1945. Washington, D. C. Shirley, R. L., R. D. Owens and G. K. Davis, 1950. Comparison of calcium-45 oxalate and carbonate precipitates for radioactive assays. Anal. Chem. 23: 1003-1004. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Published with the permission of the Director of the Florida Agricultural
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at Purdue University Libraries ADMN on June 6, 2016
approximately 130 days after dosage. In Table 2, the data are presented that were obtained for the concentration of Ca45 in the various bones of the 3 hens that received the concurrent doses of Ca45 and P32 and were sacrificed 10 days later. Hen 1329 which laid 8 eggs had approximately half as much Ca45 present in the various bones as the other two hens. Hen 1032 which laid 3 eggs had appreciably less Ca46 in the pubic bone than hen 1112 which laid no eggs. By taking the average Ca4S values of those 3 hens and comparing them with the average concentrations of of the hens sacrificed at approximately 130 days after dosage, there was a turnover of approximately 90 percent in the case of the femur, tibia, breast bone, and pubis, but only 74.5 percent in the case of the vertebra. Thus, the turnover of Ca46 is slightly greater than P32 in the femur, tibia, breast bone, and vertebra, but only 89.8 percent compared with 100 percent in turnover of P32 in the case of the pubic bone.
P32 AND Ca45 BY
734
NEWS AND NOTES
Experiment Station. The writers are very grateful to Francis L. Coune, Marvin H. Herndon, Alan Lovelace, and Jackson McClenny for technical assistance in the course of this experiment. The isotopes
used were received from Oak Ridge National Laboratories after allocation by the Atomic Energy Commission Isotopes Division,
News and Notes monds, Utah Poultry and Farmers Cooperative; H. H. Alp, American Farm Bureau Federation; J. D. Sykes, Ralston Purina Company; and L. Parsons, Poultry Industry—are also delegates. Industry members include: L. Hubbard, National Poultry Producers Federation, and A. Van Wagenen, Northeastern Poultry Producers Council, representing producers; E. S. McConnell, Browning Turkey Farm, representing turkey growers; J. Jewell, J. D. Jewell, Inc., and C. D. Carpenter, Institute of America Poultry Industries, representing processors. T. W. Staley, American Feed Manufacturers Association, will represent feed men; A. Goldhaft, Vineland Poultry Laboratories, will represent veterinarians; H. Huntington, Poultry and Egg National Board, represents the consumer promotion field, Kathryn B. Niles of PENB and the American Home Economics Association, will represent home economists. G. Jaap, Ohio State University will represent colleges; and R. Lynnes, Poultry Supply Dealer, the poultry publishers group. Dewey Termohlen, Head of the Poultry Branch, U. S. Department of Agriculture, is President of the Worlds Poultry Science Association and will receive the official French welcome to the Congress.
APEI NOTES
The objective of $3000 for research on the interior egg quality problem, initiated by the Associated Poultry and Egg Industries, has been achieved. MINNESOTA NOTES
George M. Briggs, Associate Professor of Poultry Husbandry at the University of Minnesota, began work with the National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, in July. He is Chief of the Poultry Nutrition Unit of the Biochemistry and Nutrition Laboratory. A member of the University of Minnesota staff since November, 1947, Dr. Briggs is well known for his work in poultry nutrition. He is a native of Grantsburg, Wisconsin, and attended grade and high school at Madison, Wisconsin. He received his bachelor's, master's and doctor's degrees from the University of Wisconsin. Before coming to Minnesota, Dr. Briggs served on the staffs of the Universities of Wisconsin and Maryland. s TEXAS NOTES
Delvin R. Barrett, Assistant Marketing Specialist of Texas A and M College, has resigned to become Assistant County Agricultural Agent of McLennan County, with offices in Waco. John Evans has been named Instructor
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