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Experimental studies on memory during slow sleep stages and REM stages
668
INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION - 7TH CONGRESS
Intravenous heroin yields increased alpha abundance, slowing of alpha frequency, theta activity (occasionally in bursts) and occasional delta bursts. Periods of desynchronization occur. Chronic methadone yields similar changes to which adaptation occurs after 2-3 months at dosages of 100 rag/day. The behavioral and EEG effects of intravenous heroin after methadone vary with the dose of heroin (25-75 mg) and the time after last dose of methadone. The EEG changes often appear dissociated from the behavioral changes. These observations will be related to observations of the percent methadone maintenance treatment of opiate addiction. 39.
Semiological relations of the frequency and distribution of six and fourteen per second positive spikes.-Y. Shimoda, Y. Yoshino and K. Tanaka (Yonago, Japan).
Approximately 1200 patients have been registered in our clinics who showed "6 and 14/sec" positive spikes in their EEG. Some demonstrated clinical paroxysmal symptoms such as headache, abdominal pain, heart throbbing, dyspnea, emotional instability, rage, violence and so on. Others showed a wide variety of non-paroxysmal manifestations. There was no demonstrable indication in these patients which would suggest any macroscopic changes in the central nervous system. The patients were divided into six groups according to the frequency of their spikes: those with spikes at 6/sec, with spikes at 7/sec, or with spikes at 8/sec, in each case with or without 14/sec spikes; those showing only 14/sec spikes, those having spikes of more than two of the 6, 7 or 8/sec frequencies with or without the 14/sec spikes, and those with spikes of other frequencies. The six groups of patients were compared with each other with respect to their symptoms or signs. There appeared to be no close correlation between t h e semiological features and the frequency of the positive spikes. The distribution of this EEG pattern over the scalp was also analyzed. In over 30 patients the spikes appeared diffusely over wide areas during the course of clinical paroxysmal manifestations but were only recorded from one or a few areas when the patients were examined in paroxysmsfree intervals.
40.
Experimental studies on memory during slow sleep stages and REM stages.-K. Jus, A. Kiljan, A. Kubacki, T. Losieczko, H. Wilczak and A. Jus (Warsaw, Poland).
The authors have studied the correlation between the recall of external stimuli applied during different stages of sleep and the polygraphic patterns of
reaction to these stimuli. Thirty healthy adults were used as subjects. Acoustic (verbal and nonverbal) stimuli lasting no more than 2 sec and of different intensities were applied during the slow sleep stages (II, III and IV) and during the REM stage with and without eye movements. The subjects were awakened after each series of stimuli in a given sleep stage and asked about the presence or absence of sleep and of dreaming. They were also asked to assess the duration of the period of sleep and the hour at which they awakened. They were also asked about spontaneous recall of the applied stimuli and recognition of stimuli presented in the awakened state. In the evaluation of results a distinction was made between the reaction during the application of the stimulus itself and the polygraphic patterns after its application. The reaction during application of the stimulus was evaluated in terms of latency, EEG pattern, and interaction of vegetative (EKG, PGR) and EMG reactions. The polygraphic pattern after application of a stimulus was evaluated in terms of its structure and duration in order to test the consolidation hypothesis. It was found that even with an activation pattern lasting over 1 rain with alpha activity and vegetative and EMG patterns after the application of a stimulus does not implicate recall if an "arousal-awakening" pattern was absent during the stimulus itself. The presence of such a pattern does not, however, implicate full recall of the quality and content of the stimulus. The recall of stimuli during the REM stage is often changed with dream content or is even, perhaps, built into the dream itself. The difference in arousal patterns during the REM stage with and without eye movements was not found to correlate with the presence or absence of recall. A correct evaluation of the presence of sleep was observed more frequently after awakening from the REM stage while evaluation of the duration of sleeping and indication of the hour of awakening was correct more frequently after waking from the slow sleep stages.
41.
Time interval histogram mode data processing of the alpha rhythm output integration.-S. L. Visser (Amsterdam, The Netherlands).
Use has been made of the method of o u t p u t integration as originally described by Drohocki. For this investigation special attention has been given to the integration of the output of the alpha rhythm band of broadband frequency analysis. The number of pulses released by the integrator is a measure of the amount of energy of the alpha rhythm band. The data of this output integration can be processed in two different ways: a) by counting the number of integrator
INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION - 7TH CONGRESS
Intravenous heroin yields increased alpha abundance, slowing of alpha frequency, theta activity (occasionally in bursts) and occasional delta bursts. Periods of desynchronization occur. Chronic methadone yields similar changes to which adaptation occurs after 2-3 months at dosages of 100 rag/day. The behavioral and EEG effects of intravenous heroin after methadone vary with the dose of heroin (25-75 mg) and the time after last dose of methadone. The EEG changes often appear dissociated from the behavioral changes. These observations will be related to observations of the percent methadone maintenance treatment of opiate addiction. 39.
Semiological relations of the frequency and distribution of six and fourteen per second positive spikes.-Y. Shimoda, Y. Yoshino and K. Tanaka (Yonago, Japan).
Approximately 1200 patients have been registered in our clinics who showed "6 and 14/sec" positive spikes in their EEG. Some demonstrated clinical paroxysmal symptoms such as headache, abdominal pain, heart throbbing, dyspnea, emotional instability, rage, violence and so on. Others showed a wide variety of non-paroxysmal manifestations. There was no demonstrable indication in these patients which would suggest any macroscopic changes in the central nervous system. The patients were divided into six groups according to the frequency of their spikes: those with spikes at 6/sec, with spikes at 7/sec, or with spikes at 8/sec, in each case with or without 14/sec spikes; those showing only 14/sec spikes, those having spikes of more than two of the 6, 7 or 8/sec frequencies with or without the 14/sec spikes, and those with spikes of other frequencies. The six groups of patients were compared with each other with respect to their symptoms or signs. There appeared to be no close correlation between t h e semiological features and the frequency of the positive spikes. The distribution of this EEG pattern over the scalp was also analyzed. In over 30 patients the spikes appeared diffusely over wide areas during the course of clinical paroxysmal manifestations but were only recorded from one or a few areas when the patients were examined in paroxysmsfree intervals.
40.
Experimental studies on memory during slow sleep stages and REM stages.-K. Jus, A. Kiljan, A. Kubacki, T. Losieczko, H. Wilczak and A. Jus (Warsaw, Poland).
The authors have studied the correlation between the recall of external stimuli applied during different stages of sleep and the polygraphic patterns of
reaction to these stimuli. Thirty healthy adults were used as subjects. Acoustic (verbal and nonverbal) stimuli lasting no more than 2 sec and of different intensities were applied during the slow sleep stages (II, III and IV) and during the REM stage with and without eye movements. The subjects were awakened after each series of stimuli in a given sleep stage and asked about the presence or absence of sleep and of dreaming. They were also asked to assess the duration of the period of sleep and the hour at which they awakened. They were also asked about spontaneous recall of the applied stimuli and recognition of stimuli presented in the awakened state. In the evaluation of results a distinction was made between the reaction during the application of the stimulus itself and the polygraphic patterns after its application. The reaction during application of the stimulus was evaluated in terms of latency, EEG pattern, and interaction of vegetative (EKG, PGR) and EMG reactions. The polygraphic pattern after application of a stimulus was evaluated in terms of its structure and duration in order to test the consolidation hypothesis. It was found that even with an activation pattern lasting over 1 rain with alpha activity and vegetative and EMG patterns after the application of a stimulus does not implicate recall if an "arousal-awakening" pattern was absent during the stimulus itself. The presence of such a pattern does not, however, implicate full recall of the quality and content of the stimulus. The recall of stimuli during the REM stage is often changed with dream content or is even, perhaps, built into the dream itself. The difference in arousal patterns during the REM stage with and without eye movements was not found to correlate with the presence or absence of recall. A correct evaluation of the presence of sleep was observed more frequently after awakening from the REM stage while evaluation of the duration of sleeping and indication of the hour of awakening was correct more frequently after waking from the slow sleep stages.
41.
Time interval histogram mode data processing of the alpha rhythm output integration.-S. L. Visser (Amsterdam, The Netherlands).
Use has been made of the method of o u t p u t integration as originally described by Drohocki. For this investigation special attention has been given to the integration of the output of the alpha rhythm band of broadband frequency analysis. The number of pulses released by the integrator is a measure of the amount of energy of the alpha rhythm band. The data of this output integration can be processed in two different ways: a) by counting the number of integrator