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Explanation of the drawings
q'RU~A~'S mode o f rendering Tin Plate Durable.
179
or cover, of tile ease being removed for the purpose of showing its illterior. A, is the shaft to which tl,e tloats are attached. B, B, the floats, which, in width, are equal to the depth of the ease, C, the edge of the curve, or case, the inside of which is not a circle, but is so formed that the ends of the floats approach more nearly to it as they pass round from the ap.erture fi)r the admission of water~ anti almost touch it when they again arrive at it. I}, the aperture for the admission of water on to the wheel. E, the opening through the bottom of the case into the descending trunk through which the water escapes. F, the gate or valve to regulate the flow of water on the wheel. Fio.. e, is a vertical section of the case, a part of the trunk, &e. A7the shaft, passing through the cover, and giving motion to the machinery. B, the case, or cover, the dotted lines within which show the floats. C, the tube, or trunk, through which water is admitted on to the wheel, D, the gate, or valve. E, the descending trunk, extending to the bottom of the fall. F, a bat" across, serving as a step to the shaft.
Spec~calion of a patent for rendering Tin Plate more durable when u~cdfor various purposes. Granted to Jos~erI M. TrtuMA~¢, city of Philadelphia, September ~9, 1831. To all whom it may concern, be it known, that I, Joseph M. Tru. lnan, of the city of Philadelphia, have invented a method of renderii~g tin plate more applicable to various uses than the ordinary manner of employing it with a simple coating of tin upon the iron, and that tile followit~g is a fall and exact description of my said invention. The purpose which I have in view is to preserve the iron more eft~ctually from rust, and consequently to render the plates much more durable than heretofore, when employed for the covering of roofs, the making of pipes, gutters, cisterns, bathing tubs, and various other articles. In order to attain this end, I cover the tin plates with a coating of lead, by immersing them in a bath of that metal in a state of fusion. For most purposes, I dip the plates singly into the lead, after having dusted them with powdered rosin, or any other suitable flux, after which I unite them together in the usual way. When _re~luired, for ~,,,utters, . I generally groove the sheets to~ether.o, so as to torm strips of convement length; these strips are then passcd through the melted lead; immediately from the bath [ cause the strips to pass between one or more pair of rollers, which rollers may be made of wood, or of metal covered with several folds of cotton cloth, or other yielding substance: thes:' rollers I keep greased with oil or tallow.
lS0
P[~mLi[,s's improvement in & d p h u r i c Jtcid.
I have thus described the mode in which I usually effect the proposed object, but I do not claim the particular implements or me. thod employed as making any part of nay invention; but what I do claim~ and li)r which I ask a patent, is the covering of tin plate with a coating of lead, and applying the plates so coated to the purposes hereinbefore set forth.
ENGLISH PATENTS° Spedfication of the pa'ent granted to P~,'m~:(;mx~~, P~T~ta,n,s, Jm o,f Bristol, in the co~en[~ of 5bmersclshire, I,Tn%a; ~ikd. or, for an improvement in ma~'aclurin~" 5'tdl~hm'ic Jlctd. D(tlc~l~'[larch~1~ 185I. To all to whom these presents shall come, &e. &c. 2~)~,.'/;now ye, *hat in compliance with the said proviso~ I, the said Peregrine Phillips, Jr. do hereby declare the nature of my said improvements is herein set forth and explained: but for the better understanding of the subject, I shall first describe tile present mode nf manuf.'mturbg sulphuric acid; nexl, the improvements I propose to ell'eel: and thea the means bg which those improvements are effected. ~ulphuricacid~ or oil (d viti:iol, is generally manufactured at p,'esent by the combustion of sulphur, or brimstone, and saltpetre, eitimr mixed together and placed in large leaded chambers, or separately in ovens connected with those chambers, into which chambers more or less of atmo. spheric air is admitted; the sulphu,- at first is converted by the combustion into sulphurous acid gas, and then, by the agency of nitrous gas, unites with oxygen from the atmospheric air in the chamber, or t}om that liberated from the saltl)etre, and is thus converted gradually into snlphuric acid, which i's afterwards absorbed by the water which covers the bottom of the chamber. The first improvement then which I propose to effect, is an instan. taneous union of the sulphurous acid gas with the oxygen of the atmosphere~ and thereby to save the constant expense of saltpetre, and also the great outlay of capital in the chambers where any great quantity of sulphuric acid tan be manufactured, by' the gradual conversion of the sulphurous acid into the sulphurio acid. The second improvement I propose to ett~ct, is to attain a more perfect condensation of sulphuric acid when made9 by an improved mode of absorbing the san'le. Tile first improvement then~ namely, the instantaneous union of sulphurous acid with the oxygen of the atmosphere, I etti~et by drawing them in proper proportions by the action of an air pump, or other mechanical means, through an ignited tube, or tubes, of l)latina~ pof celain, er any other material not acted on when heated, by the s'ulpl}urous acid gas. In the said tube, or tubes, I place line platina wire, or platina ia any finely divided state, and [ heat them to a atrong yellow heat~ and~ by prefe,'enc% in the chamber of a reverbe-
179
or cover, of tile ease being removed for the purpose of showing its illterior. A, is the shaft to which tl,e tloats are attached. B, B, the floats, which, in width, are equal to the depth of the ease, C, the edge of the curve, or case, the inside of which is not a circle, but is so formed that the ends of the floats approach more nearly to it as they pass round from the ap.erture fi)r the admission of water~ anti almost touch it when they again arrive at it. I}, the aperture for the admission of water on to the wheel. E, the opening through the bottom of the case into the descending trunk through which the water escapes. F, the gate or valve to regulate the flow of water on the wheel. Fio.. e, is a vertical section of the case, a part of the trunk, &e. A7the shaft, passing through the cover, and giving motion to the machinery. B, the case, or cover, the dotted lines within which show the floats. C, the tube, or trunk, through which water is admitted on to the wheel, D, the gate, or valve. E, the descending trunk, extending to the bottom of the fall. F, a bat" across, serving as a step to the shaft.
Spec~calion of a patent for rendering Tin Plate more durable when u~cdfor various purposes. Granted to Jos~erI M. TrtuMA~¢, city of Philadelphia, September ~9, 1831. To all whom it may concern, be it known, that I, Joseph M. Tru. lnan, of the city of Philadelphia, have invented a method of renderii~g tin plate more applicable to various uses than the ordinary manner of employing it with a simple coating of tin upon the iron, and that tile followit~g is a fall and exact description of my said invention. The purpose which I have in view is to preserve the iron more eft~ctually from rust, and consequently to render the plates much more durable than heretofore, when employed for the covering of roofs, the making of pipes, gutters, cisterns, bathing tubs, and various other articles. In order to attain this end, I cover the tin plates with a coating of lead, by immersing them in a bath of that metal in a state of fusion. For most purposes, I dip the plates singly into the lead, after having dusted them with powdered rosin, or any other suitable flux, after which I unite them together in the usual way. When _re~luired, for ~,,,utters, . I generally groove the sheets to~ether.o, so as to torm strips of convement length; these strips are then passcd through the melted lead; immediately from the bath [ cause the strips to pass between one or more pair of rollers, which rollers may be made of wood, or of metal covered with several folds of cotton cloth, or other yielding substance: thes:' rollers I keep greased with oil or tallow.
lS0
P[~mLi[,s's improvement in & d p h u r i c Jtcid.
I have thus described the mode in which I usually effect the proposed object, but I do not claim the particular implements or me. thod employed as making any part of nay invention; but what I do claim~ and li)r which I ask a patent, is the covering of tin plate with a coating of lead, and applying the plates so coated to the purposes hereinbefore set forth.
ENGLISH PATENTS° Spedfication of the pa'ent granted to P~,'m~:(;mx~~, P~T~ta,n,s, Jm o,f Bristol, in the co~en[~ of 5bmersclshire, I,Tn%a; ~ikd. or, for an improvement in ma~'aclurin~" 5'tdl~hm'ic Jlctd. D(tlc~l~'[larch~1~ 185I. To all to whom these presents shall come, &e. &c. 2~)~,.'/;now ye, *hat in compliance with the said proviso~ I, the said Peregrine Phillips, Jr. do hereby declare the nature of my said improvements is herein set forth and explained: but for the better understanding of the subject, I shall first describe tile present mode nf manuf.'mturbg sulphuric acid; nexl, the improvements I propose to ell'eel: and thea the means bg which those improvements are effected. ~ulphuricacid~ or oil (d viti:iol, is generally manufactured at p,'esent by the combustion of sulphur, or brimstone, and saltpetre, eitimr mixed together and placed in large leaded chambers, or separately in ovens connected with those chambers, into which chambers more or less of atmo. spheric air is admitted; the sulphu,- at first is converted by the combustion into sulphurous acid gas, and then, by the agency of nitrous gas, unites with oxygen from the atmospheric air in the chamber, or t}om that liberated from the saltl)etre, and is thus converted gradually into snlphuric acid, which i's afterwards absorbed by the water which covers the bottom of the chamber. The first improvement then which I propose to effect, is an instan. taneous union of the sulphurous acid gas with the oxygen of the atmosphere~ and thereby to save the constant expense of saltpetre, and also the great outlay of capital in the chambers where any great quantity of sulphuric acid tan be manufactured, by' the gradual conversion of the sulphurous acid into the sulphurio acid. The second improvement I propose to ett~ct, is to attain a more perfect condensation of sulphuric acid when made9 by an improved mode of absorbing the san'le. Tile first improvement then~ namely, the instantaneous union of sulphurous acid with the oxygen of the atmosphere, I etti~et by drawing them in proper proportions by the action of an air pump, or other mechanical means, through an ignited tube, or tubes, of l)latina~ pof celain, er any other material not acted on when heated, by the s'ulpl}urous acid gas. In the said tube, or tubes, I place line platina wire, or platina ia any finely divided state, and [ heat them to a atrong yellow heat~ and~ by prefe,'enc% in the chamber of a reverbe-