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Fabrication of composite materials by uniting the elements of matrix and fibre materials
are applied respectively to fibres and powder resin, causing the resin to contact the fibres. Heat is applied to melt the resin and shape the composite which i s then cooled. Fibres include glass, asbestos, carbon and carbides: the use of both thermosetting and thermoplastic polymers is cited. Process and apparatus for manufacture of products composed of filaments impregnated with synthetic resin
(Compagnie
de
Saint Gobain)
UK
sation product of a phenol and an aldehyde blended with flame resistant fibres of polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, fluorocarbon, glass, mineral, cotton, rayon, polyester, polyolefin, polyvinyl or flame resistant animal fibres or mixtures of these. These fabrics do not melt, show low thermal conductivity. are flexible and char to a protective cloth.
Patent 1 259 085 (5 January 1972) A process for resin impregnation ot filaments involves separating the filaments which are grouped together in the form of a thread, applying to individual filaments synthetic resin in a finely divided form, immediately melting the resin and regrottping the resinimpregnated filaments. This process ensures complete impregnation in the final composite and avoids the problem of solvent or aqueous impregnation.
Reinforced carbon composites consist of a carbon fibre shape bonded by a carl)on binder and containing an in sitn reaction product of carbon, and a boron containing additive comprising a material selected from elemental boron, boron nitride, boron silicide and a refractory metal boride. These composites show increased strength and oxidation resistance in excess of 1000°C.
(Carborundum
Co)
Patent
Carbon fibre reinforced plastics sheet
(General T i r e and R u b b e r Co) UK
Patent 1 259 241 (5 January 1972) A reinforcing fibre-containing injection mouldable vinyl halide dry-blend consists of a homogeneouS mixture ot (1) a polymeric composition of largely polyvinyl halides with small amounts of other resins; (2) a polymeric process aid, (3) a heat stabilizer; and (4) reinforcing glass fibres. These composites exhibit good mould flow and thermal stability characteristics.
Payen, D. B. (Secretary of State for Defence) UK Patent 1 260 407 (19
January 1972~ Tows of carbon fibre are laid up in parallel array against one layer or film of uncured resin. T h e resin is flattened together with a carbon fibre of the required thickness, by applying rolling pressure in the direction of fibre alignment and simultaneously applying heat to soften the resin. Improvements in or relating to production of carbon fibres
(Sigri Elektrographit Gesellschaft Mit Besch/inkter Haftung) UK Patent
1 260 449 (19 January 1972) Fabrication of composite materials by uniting the elements of matrix and fibre materials
Kirkpatrick, M. L. and Reger, J. L. ( T R W Inc) UK Patent 1 259 625 (5
January 1972) A method is described for fabricating composite materials from elements of a matrix material and fibres of a material of different physical properties, the fibres of each element being arranged in a layer 1/2-30t~m thick and substantially parallel to each other and the layer. Such element layers are compressed to a self-supportin~ mass. Typical composxtes consist of aluminium foil and silicon carbide whiskers. Filamentary material
Paterson, W. C. (Courtaulds Ltd) UK
Patent 1 259 783 (12 January 1972) W a r p sheet of carbon fibres consists of tapes of carbon filaments impregnated with a resin, the sheet being passed between rollers to evenly distribute the resin and remove the excess. Such sheets are used to fabricate composites, filamentary warp angles between sheets being held at 90 °.
Improvements in or relating to continuous carbon fibre tapes
Phillips, L. N. (Secretary of State for Defence) UK Patent 1260955 (19
January 1972) Reinforced carbon and graphite articles
UK 1 260 189 (12 January 1972)
Reinforcing fibre-containing, injection mouldable, thermoplastic resinous dry blend composition and process of preparing
solution of an epoxy silane and, for the production of composites, a resinspecific coupling agent of the silane type containing unsaturated radicles, this material being added to the resin.
T h e suitability for carbonization of a ,ysnthetic polymer fibre is increased. . by contact with one or more Lewis acids at 150-250°C to promote crosslinking between a n d / o r cyclization within the polymer molecules, this being followed by oxidation in the presence of a dehydrogenating agent at 175-350°C whilst under tension. Acrylonitrile polymers are used. Lewis acids cited include SnCI4, TIC14 and SO3; the dehydrogenating agents are air, chlorine or liquid sulphur. Fibrous carbon and graphite products and method of making the same
A tape consists of several warp members of unidirectional carbon fibre tows and optionally of bundles of glass fibre having a continuous weft thread woven through the said warp members at a frequency of 2-10 threads per inch thus keeping the warp members parallel and contiguous with each other. Production of carbon filaments
Lovell, D. R. and Tatchell, J. J. (Morganite Research and Development Ltd)
UK Patent 1 261 353 (26 January 1972) In the production of carbon fibres the final stage involves heating to 2300°C using an R F heating system provided with a hollow relatively cylindrical suscepter, the wall thickness of the suscepter being less towards the centre of the suscepter than away from it. Removing excess liquid from filamentary materials
Tatchell, J. J. (Morganite Research and Development Ltd) UK Patent 1 261 705
(26 January 1972) A method is described for removing excess liquid, such as a quick drying epoxy size, from a carbon fibre tow before it has time to dry by passing the dressed filaments in contact with an absorbent or absorbent wiper surface of porous carbon. Method and apparatus for casting metal 'filaments through an aerosol atmosphere
(Battelle
Development
Corp)
UK
Patent 1 261 92l (26 January 1972) An apparatus is described for produci n g metal filaments by extruding from a molten bath to form a substantially free falling stream of molten metal. An aerosol of a liquid in a gas is produced around the molten metal and this leads to partial solidification. Process for impregnation of glass fibre materials
(15
Wiedemann, G. and Frenzel, H. (VEB Kominat Technisches Glas Ilmenau)
A fibrous carbonaceous product consists of a resin converted to a carbonaceous state and a plurality of straight carbon fibres uniformly dispersed in random oriented manner in this matrix, these fibres being from 0.006-0.015 in long and 1-10t~m diameter. Carbon fibres were prepared from chopped rayon yarn.
Glass fibres are impregnated with a composition containing silicone resin, fluoropolymers and optionally graphite or molybdenum disulphide. T h e advantage of the coating is the flexibility variation achieved with glass fibres or in admixtures with organic fibres.
UK January 1972) (USAEC)
Patent
1260577
UK Patent 1 262 070 (2 February 1972)
Method of improving the interfacial adhesion of inorganic fibre materials
Process for continuous production of fibre reinforced polyamide moulding compositions
Weidemann, G. and Frenzel, H. (VEB Kombinat Technisches Glas Ilmenau)
Dietrich, M. and Gilch, H. (Farbenfabriken Bayer Aktiengesellschaft) UK
Patent
UK Patent 1 260 798 (18 January 1972)
Patent 1 262 728 (2 February 1972)
A flame resistant cloth consists of phenolic fibres formed from a conden-
T h e interracial adhesion of inorganic fibres, especially desized glass fibres, to resin is improved by treating with a
Continuous production of homogeneous fibre-reinforced polyamide moulding compound is achieved by activated
Flame resistant cloth
Co) UK 1 259 829 (12 January 1972) (Carbornndum
188
COMPOSITESJuly 1972
(Compagnie
de
Saint Gobain)
UK
sation product of a phenol and an aldehyde blended with flame resistant fibres of polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, fluorocarbon, glass, mineral, cotton, rayon, polyester, polyolefin, polyvinyl or flame resistant animal fibres or mixtures of these. These fabrics do not melt, show low thermal conductivity. are flexible and char to a protective cloth.
Patent 1 259 085 (5 January 1972) A process for resin impregnation ot filaments involves separating the filaments which are grouped together in the form of a thread, applying to individual filaments synthetic resin in a finely divided form, immediately melting the resin and regrottping the resinimpregnated filaments. This process ensures complete impregnation in the final composite and avoids the problem of solvent or aqueous impregnation.
Reinforced carbon composites consist of a carbon fibre shape bonded by a carl)on binder and containing an in sitn reaction product of carbon, and a boron containing additive comprising a material selected from elemental boron, boron nitride, boron silicide and a refractory metal boride. These composites show increased strength and oxidation resistance in excess of 1000°C.
(Carborundum
Co)
Patent
Carbon fibre reinforced plastics sheet
(General T i r e and R u b b e r Co) UK
Patent 1 259 241 (5 January 1972) A reinforcing fibre-containing injection mouldable vinyl halide dry-blend consists of a homogeneouS mixture ot (1) a polymeric composition of largely polyvinyl halides with small amounts of other resins; (2) a polymeric process aid, (3) a heat stabilizer; and (4) reinforcing glass fibres. These composites exhibit good mould flow and thermal stability characteristics.
Payen, D. B. (Secretary of State for Defence) UK Patent 1 260 407 (19
January 1972~ Tows of carbon fibre are laid up in parallel array against one layer or film of uncured resin. T h e resin is flattened together with a carbon fibre of the required thickness, by applying rolling pressure in the direction of fibre alignment and simultaneously applying heat to soften the resin. Improvements in or relating to production of carbon fibres
(Sigri Elektrographit Gesellschaft Mit Besch/inkter Haftung) UK Patent
1 260 449 (19 January 1972) Fabrication of composite materials by uniting the elements of matrix and fibre materials
Kirkpatrick, M. L. and Reger, J. L. ( T R W Inc) UK Patent 1 259 625 (5
January 1972) A method is described for fabricating composite materials from elements of a matrix material and fibres of a material of different physical properties, the fibres of each element being arranged in a layer 1/2-30t~m thick and substantially parallel to each other and the layer. Such element layers are compressed to a self-supportin~ mass. Typical composxtes consist of aluminium foil and silicon carbide whiskers. Filamentary material
Paterson, W. C. (Courtaulds Ltd) UK
Patent 1 259 783 (12 January 1972) W a r p sheet of carbon fibres consists of tapes of carbon filaments impregnated with a resin, the sheet being passed between rollers to evenly distribute the resin and remove the excess. Such sheets are used to fabricate composites, filamentary warp angles between sheets being held at 90 °.
Improvements in or relating to continuous carbon fibre tapes
Phillips, L. N. (Secretary of State for Defence) UK Patent 1260955 (19
January 1972) Reinforced carbon and graphite articles
UK 1 260 189 (12 January 1972)
Reinforcing fibre-containing, injection mouldable, thermoplastic resinous dry blend composition and process of preparing
solution of an epoxy silane and, for the production of composites, a resinspecific coupling agent of the silane type containing unsaturated radicles, this material being added to the resin.
T h e suitability for carbonization of a ,ysnthetic polymer fibre is increased. . by contact with one or more Lewis acids at 150-250°C to promote crosslinking between a n d / o r cyclization within the polymer molecules, this being followed by oxidation in the presence of a dehydrogenating agent at 175-350°C whilst under tension. Acrylonitrile polymers are used. Lewis acids cited include SnCI4, TIC14 and SO3; the dehydrogenating agents are air, chlorine or liquid sulphur. Fibrous carbon and graphite products and method of making the same
A tape consists of several warp members of unidirectional carbon fibre tows and optionally of bundles of glass fibre having a continuous weft thread woven through the said warp members at a frequency of 2-10 threads per inch thus keeping the warp members parallel and contiguous with each other. Production of carbon filaments
Lovell, D. R. and Tatchell, J. J. (Morganite Research and Development Ltd)
UK Patent 1 261 353 (26 January 1972) In the production of carbon fibres the final stage involves heating to 2300°C using an R F heating system provided with a hollow relatively cylindrical suscepter, the wall thickness of the suscepter being less towards the centre of the suscepter than away from it. Removing excess liquid from filamentary materials
Tatchell, J. J. (Morganite Research and Development Ltd) UK Patent 1 261 705
(26 January 1972) A method is described for removing excess liquid, such as a quick drying epoxy size, from a carbon fibre tow before it has time to dry by passing the dressed filaments in contact with an absorbent or absorbent wiper surface of porous carbon. Method and apparatus for casting metal 'filaments through an aerosol atmosphere
(Battelle
Development
Corp)
UK
Patent 1 261 92l (26 January 1972) An apparatus is described for produci n g metal filaments by extruding from a molten bath to form a substantially free falling stream of molten metal. An aerosol of a liquid in a gas is produced around the molten metal and this leads to partial solidification. Process for impregnation of glass fibre materials
(15
Wiedemann, G. and Frenzel, H. (VEB Kominat Technisches Glas Ilmenau)
A fibrous carbonaceous product consists of a resin converted to a carbonaceous state and a plurality of straight carbon fibres uniformly dispersed in random oriented manner in this matrix, these fibres being from 0.006-0.015 in long and 1-10t~m diameter. Carbon fibres were prepared from chopped rayon yarn.
Glass fibres are impregnated with a composition containing silicone resin, fluoropolymers and optionally graphite or molybdenum disulphide. T h e advantage of the coating is the flexibility variation achieved with glass fibres or in admixtures with organic fibres.
UK January 1972) (USAEC)
Patent
1260577
UK Patent 1 262 070 (2 February 1972)
Method of improving the interfacial adhesion of inorganic fibre materials
Process for continuous production of fibre reinforced polyamide moulding compositions
Weidemann, G. and Frenzel, H. (VEB Kombinat Technisches Glas Ilmenau)
Dietrich, M. and Gilch, H. (Farbenfabriken Bayer Aktiengesellschaft) UK
Patent
UK Patent 1 260 798 (18 January 1972)
Patent 1 262 728 (2 February 1972)
A flame resistant cloth consists of phenolic fibres formed from a conden-
T h e interracial adhesion of inorganic fibres, especially desized glass fibres, to resin is improved by treating with a
Continuous production of homogeneous fibre-reinforced polyamide moulding compound is achieved by activated
Flame resistant cloth
Co) UK 1 259 829 (12 January 1972) (Carbornndum
188
COMPOSITESJuly 1972