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Factor XII (Hageman) deficiency in women with habitual abortion: New subpopulation of recurrent aborters?
Citations from the Literature
FERTILITY, STERILITY Factor XII (Hageman) deficiency in women with habitual abortion: New subpopulation of recurrent aborters? Braulke I.; Pruggmayer M.; Melloh P.: Hinney B.; Kostering H.; Gunther E.
DEU FERTIL STERIL 1993 59/l (98-101) Objective: To examine the possible association between factor XII (FXII) deficiency and an elevated number of abortions. Design: Factor XII activity, FXII antigen concentration, other blood clotting parameters, and phospholipid antibodies were examined in venous blood from 43 women with repeated (3 to 7) abortions before the 28th week of gestation but without gynecological and chromosomal abnormalities. The data were compared with those obtained from 49 age-matched women without fetal loss. Results: Eight cases with moderately reduced FXII activity (35 to 68% of normal) could be identified in the abortion group, whereas among controls no abnormalities in FXII activity and antigen concentration were found. The relative occurrence of reduced FXII level was higher among patients with more than three abortions as compared with those with three abortions. Conclusion: Repeated abortions may be associated with reduced level of FXII activity of unknown origin. Inhibin and relaxin concentrations in early singleton, multiple, and failing pregnancy: Relationship to gonadotropin and steroid profiles Norman R.J.: McLaughlin J.W.; Borthwick G.M.; Yohkaichiya T.; Matthews CD.; MacLennan A.H.; De Kretser D.M.
AUS FERTIL STERIL 1993 59/l (130-137) Objective: To examine the inter-relationships between inhibin, relaxin, steroid concentrations, estradiol (El), progesterone (P), and gonadotropins in early pregnancy. Design: Hormone concentrations in plasma were measured during the luteal phase of subjects who became pregnant (n = 58) or failed to become pregnant (n = 47) after ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization-gamete intrafallopian transfer (IVF-GIFT) (group I). A further group of subjects became pregnant (n = 7) or failed to become pregnant (n = 8) during endocrinology tracking of a natural cycle (group 2). Blood was obtained every 3 days in the luteal phase from day 5 in group I (day 0 was oocyte recovery) and from day 0 (first increase in luteinizing hormone [LH]) in group II. Results: Progesterone and Ez were increased over nonpregnant values by day I I (P) and day I6 (E,) in group I and by day 1I (Ez and P) in group II. Inhibin and relaxin concentrations were significantly increased by day 16 in group I (often by day I I) and by day I4 in group II pregnancy subjects. A direct relationship existed between inhibin, P, relaxin, and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Subjects who had twin pregnancies demonstrated higher concentrations of all hormones and often exhibited increases earlier (by day I I in group I) than singleton pregnancy subjects. Pregnancies that
325
ended in miscarriages tended to have lower concentrations of P and inhibin. None of the hormones reliably discriminated between the clinical conditions of blighted ovum and of spontaneous abortion, and the predictive value of any hormone measured for miscarriage was not high. Conclusions: The trend of inhibin and relaxin concentrations closely parallels rises in P during early pregnancy. Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels are suppressed very early in pregnancy. The suppression of LH and FSH in hyperstimulated cycles is more governed by E, than inhibin in stimulated cycles. Some subjects destined to miscarry exhibit abnormal endocrine changes very early in the luteal phase. Placental protein 14 secretion during in vitro fertilization cycles witb and without hmnao chorionic gonadotropin for luteal support Anthony F.W.; Smith E.M.; Gadd S.C.; Masson G.M.; Chard T.; Perry L.
GBR FERTIL STERIL 1993 5911 (187-191) Objective: To investigate levels ofplacental protein 14 (PP14) in in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients with and without exogenous human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for luteal support. Design, Patients: Thirty-one women undergoing IVF were studied. For I8 women, hCG was administered in the luteal phase, and 12 became pregnant. Five pregnancies occurred in I3 women not receiving exogenous hCG. Setting: All the patients attended the University of Southamptonichalybeate Hospital IVF program. Results: There was no change in PP14 levels 2 days after embryo transfer (ET). but small significant rises were noted by day 8 in all patients. Thereafter, levels rose further in pregnant subjects but showed no change in nonpregnant patients. The highest level of PP14 was seen in the group of women on hCG support, but there was no overall statistical difference between those on support and those not. In the nonpregnant group, there was no significant correlation between progesterone (P) and PPl4 8 days from ET, whereas a highly significant correlation was noted in the pregnant group. Conclusions: Neither hCG nor P are primary factors in the control of endometrial PP14 secretion. but PP14 and P may have common underlying control mechanisms. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor I in follicular fluid after induction of ovulation in women undergoing in vitro fertilization Jimena P.; Castilla J.A.; Peran F.; Molina R.; Ramirezl J.P.; Acebal M.; Vergara F.; Herruzo A.
ESP J REPROD FERTIL 1992 96/2 (641-647) This study was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between concentrations of insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in follicular fluid and fertilization and cleavage of human oocytes fertilized in vitro. The concentration of estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone, insulin and IGF-I was determined in 36 follicular fluids, free of visible blood contamination and containing mature oocyte corona cumulus complexes, obtained from I2 women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Follicular de-
Int J Gvnecol Obstet 42
FERTILITY, STERILITY Factor XII (Hageman) deficiency in women with habitual abortion: New subpopulation of recurrent aborters? Braulke I.; Pruggmayer M.; Melloh P.: Hinney B.; Kostering H.; Gunther E.
DEU FERTIL STERIL 1993 59/l (98-101) Objective: To examine the possible association between factor XII (FXII) deficiency and an elevated number of abortions. Design: Factor XII activity, FXII antigen concentration, other blood clotting parameters, and phospholipid antibodies were examined in venous blood from 43 women with repeated (3 to 7) abortions before the 28th week of gestation but without gynecological and chromosomal abnormalities. The data were compared with those obtained from 49 age-matched women without fetal loss. Results: Eight cases with moderately reduced FXII activity (35 to 68% of normal) could be identified in the abortion group, whereas among controls no abnormalities in FXII activity and antigen concentration were found. The relative occurrence of reduced FXII level was higher among patients with more than three abortions as compared with those with three abortions. Conclusion: Repeated abortions may be associated with reduced level of FXII activity of unknown origin. Inhibin and relaxin concentrations in early singleton, multiple, and failing pregnancy: Relationship to gonadotropin and steroid profiles Norman R.J.: McLaughlin J.W.; Borthwick G.M.; Yohkaichiya T.; Matthews CD.; MacLennan A.H.; De Kretser D.M.
AUS FERTIL STERIL 1993 59/l (130-137) Objective: To examine the inter-relationships between inhibin, relaxin, steroid concentrations, estradiol (El), progesterone (P), and gonadotropins in early pregnancy. Design: Hormone concentrations in plasma were measured during the luteal phase of subjects who became pregnant (n = 58) or failed to become pregnant (n = 47) after ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization-gamete intrafallopian transfer (IVF-GIFT) (group I). A further group of subjects became pregnant (n = 7) or failed to become pregnant (n = 8) during endocrinology tracking of a natural cycle (group 2). Blood was obtained every 3 days in the luteal phase from day 5 in group I (day 0 was oocyte recovery) and from day 0 (first increase in luteinizing hormone [LH]) in group II. Results: Progesterone and Ez were increased over nonpregnant values by day I I (P) and day I6 (E,) in group I and by day 1I (Ez and P) in group II. Inhibin and relaxin concentrations were significantly increased by day 16 in group I (often by day I I) and by day I4 in group II pregnancy subjects. A direct relationship existed between inhibin, P, relaxin, and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Subjects who had twin pregnancies demonstrated higher concentrations of all hormones and often exhibited increases earlier (by day I I in group I) than singleton pregnancy subjects. Pregnancies that
325
ended in miscarriages tended to have lower concentrations of P and inhibin. None of the hormones reliably discriminated between the clinical conditions of blighted ovum and of spontaneous abortion, and the predictive value of any hormone measured for miscarriage was not high. Conclusions: The trend of inhibin and relaxin concentrations closely parallels rises in P during early pregnancy. Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels are suppressed very early in pregnancy. The suppression of LH and FSH in hyperstimulated cycles is more governed by E, than inhibin in stimulated cycles. Some subjects destined to miscarry exhibit abnormal endocrine changes very early in the luteal phase. Placental protein 14 secretion during in vitro fertilization cycles witb and without hmnao chorionic gonadotropin for luteal support Anthony F.W.; Smith E.M.; Gadd S.C.; Masson G.M.; Chard T.; Perry L.
GBR FERTIL STERIL 1993 5911 (187-191) Objective: To investigate levels ofplacental protein 14 (PP14) in in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients with and without exogenous human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for luteal support. Design, Patients: Thirty-one women undergoing IVF were studied. For I8 women, hCG was administered in the luteal phase, and 12 became pregnant. Five pregnancies occurred in I3 women not receiving exogenous hCG. Setting: All the patients attended the University of Southamptonichalybeate Hospital IVF program. Results: There was no change in PP14 levels 2 days after embryo transfer (ET). but small significant rises were noted by day 8 in all patients. Thereafter, levels rose further in pregnant subjects but showed no change in nonpregnant patients. The highest level of PP14 was seen in the group of women on hCG support, but there was no overall statistical difference between those on support and those not. In the nonpregnant group, there was no significant correlation between progesterone (P) and PPl4 8 days from ET, whereas a highly significant correlation was noted in the pregnant group. Conclusions: Neither hCG nor P are primary factors in the control of endometrial PP14 secretion. but PP14 and P may have common underlying control mechanisms. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor I in follicular fluid after induction of ovulation in women undergoing in vitro fertilization Jimena P.; Castilla J.A.; Peran F.; Molina R.; Ramirezl J.P.; Acebal M.; Vergara F.; Herruzo A.
ESP J REPROD FERTIL 1992 96/2 (641-647) This study was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between concentrations of insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in follicular fluid and fertilization and cleavage of human oocytes fertilized in vitro. The concentration of estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone, insulin and IGF-I was determined in 36 follicular fluids, free of visible blood contamination and containing mature oocyte corona cumulus complexes, obtained from I2 women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Follicular de-
Int J Gvnecol Obstet 42