Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 91 – 96
:RUOG0XOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\&LYLO(QJLQHHULQJ$UFKLWHFWXUH8UEDQ3ODQQLQJ6\PSRVLXP :0&$86
)DWLJXH%HKDYLRU$VVHVVPHQW0HWKRGRIWKH2UWKRWURSLF6WHHO'HFN IRUD6HOI$QFKRUHG6XVSHQVLRQ5DLOZD\%ULGJH &KRQJ:XD
Department of Bridge Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China, 200092
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© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKHRUJDQL]LQJFRPPLWWHHRI:0&$86 Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of WMCAUS 2016 Keywords:2UWKRWURSLFVWHHOGHFN5DLOZD\ORDG)DWLJXHDVVHVVPHQW)(06HOIDQFKRUHGVXVSHQVLRQEULGJH
,QWURGXFWLRQ 6WHHOEULGJHVDFFRXQWIRUWKHPDMRULW\RIODUJHVSDQEULGJHVE\WKHYLUWXHRIOLJKWGHDGORDGDQGUDSLGLQVWDOODWLRQLQ WKHFRQVWUXFWLRQILHOGV,Q&KRQJ4LQJRI&KLQDDVHOIDQFKRUHGVXVSHQVLRQVWHHOUDLOZD\EULGJHKDVEHHQGHVLJQHG 7KH VSDQ RI D VHOIDQFKRUHG VXVSHQVLRQ EULGJH XVXDOO\ NHHSV LQ WKH UDQJH IURP WR P >@ EXW WKH VSDQ DUUDQJHPHQW RI WKLV VHOIDQFKRUHG VXVSHQVLRQ EULGJH LV P )LJ 7KHUH DUH WZR UHDVRQV IRU WKLV
&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HO E-mail address: MLDQJ[X#WRQJMLHGXFQ
1877-7058 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of WMCAUS 2016
doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.503
92
Chong Wu et al. / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 91 – 96
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
)LJ(OHYDWLRQRIKDOIRIWKHVWUXFWXUHDQGWKHVHFWLRQRIWKHVWHHOJLUGHUXQLWP
1RPHQFODWXUH ks A K0 t ı IJ ı1
7KHVWLIIQHVVRIWKHVSULQJHOHPHQW 7KHERWWRPDUHDRIWKHVROLGHOHPHQW 7KHIRXQGDWLRQUHDFWLRQPRGXOXVRIWKHUXEEHUOD\HU 7KHWKLFNQHVVRIWKHGLDSKUDJP 7KHWHQVLOHVWUHVV 7KHVKHDUVWUHVV 7KHILUVWSULQFLSOHVWUHVV
5HVHDUFKEDFNJURXQG 7KHD[OHORDGDFWVRQWKHUDLOZD\WUDFNVWKHQLWLVGLVSHUVHGE\WKHFRQFUHWHVODEVRQWKHRUWKRWURSLFVWHHOGHFN$ UXEEHUOD\HUZKLFKDEVRUEVYLEUDWLRQHQHUJ\LVGHVLJQHGEHWZHHQWKHFRQFUHWHVODEDQGWKHVWHHOGHFN0RUHRYHUGXH WRWKHIDFWWKDWWKHORQJLWXGLQDOD[LVIRUFHLVWUHPHQGRXVLQWKHVWHHOER[JLUGHUWKHWKLFNQHVVRIWKHVWHHOGHFNUHDFKHV WRPPZKLOHHYHQWKLFNHUSODWHVIRUWKHVWHHOGHFNDUHXVHGQHDUWKHS\ORQVDQGPLGGOHVSDQ7KHKHLJKWRIWKHVWHHO ER[JLUGHULVPDQGZLGWKEHWZHHQWKHRXWVLGHHGJHVLVP7KHGLVWDQFHRIWZRGLDSKUDJPVLVP7KHUHDUH WZRUDLOZD\WUDFNVRQWKHRSSRVLWHGLUHFWLRQVLQVWDOOHGRQWKHFRQFUHWHVODEV7KHGLPHQVLRQVRIWKHFRQFUHWHVODEDUH PîPîPZLWKDPPJDSEHWZHHQWZRFRQFUHWHVODEV7KHUXEEHUOD\HULVPPWKLFNQHVVDQGLWV IRXQGDWLRQUHDFWLRQPRGXOXVLV1PP 7KHUDLOZD\ORDGLVUHODWLYHO\UHJXODU$VHWRIXUEDQWUDLQVLVFRPSULVHGRIHLJKWFDUULDJHVDQGHDFKFDUULDJHKDV IRXUD[OHV7KHGHSDUWPHQWRIWKHXUEDQWUDQVSRUWDWLRQLQWKHFLW\VXUYH\HGWKHFDUULDJHORDGDFDUULDJHVHOIZHLJKWLV NJWKHGHVLJQORDGFDUULDJHZHLJKWDQGWKHSDVVHQJHUVUDWHGORDG LVNJZKLFKFRXOGLQFUHDVHE\ ZKHQRYHUORDGHG$FFRUGLQJWRWKHVHGDWDWKHDYHUDJHD[OHORDGRIWKHXUEDQUDLOZD\ZLOOVWD\XQGHUN1
93
Chong Wu et al. / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 91 – 96
&RQFUHWHEORFN 5XEEHUOD\HU 6WHHOGHFN
5DLOZD\
*DS
6XSSRUWV
6XSSRUW
&RQFHUQHG SDUW
)DVWHQLQJ GHYLFH
'LDSKUDJP
)LJ'HWDLOVRIGHFNV\VWHPXQLWFP
)LQLWHHOHPHQWPRGHO 7KHVWUHVVDQDO\VLVLVSHUIRUPHGE\WKH)(0SODWIRUP$16<6YHUVLRQ$PVHJPHQWRIJLUGHULVVLPXODWHG E\VKHOO)LJ WKHVKHOOHOHPHQWLVVXLWDEOHIRUWKLQHODVWLFSODWH7KHWKUHHFRQFUHWHVODEVRQWKHVWHHOGHFNDUH PRGHOOHGE\VROLGZKLFKLVDQHODVWLFQRGHVROLGHOHPHQW7KHVSDWLDOVSULQJHOHPHQWQDPHGFRPELQPRGHOV WKHUXEEHUOD\HUZKLFKWUDQVIHUVQRGHIRUFHIURPVROLGPRGHOWRWKHVKHOOPRGHO7KHVWLIIQHVV ksRIHDFKVSULQJHOHPHQW LVFDOFXODWHGE\WKHIXQFWLRQks=A×K0ZKHUHALVWKHDUHDDWWKHERWWRPRIVROLGHOHPHQWZLWKWKHPHVKVL]HRIPP K0LVWKHIRXQGDWLRQUHDFWLRQPRGXOXVRIWKHUXEEHUOD\HUZLWKWKHYDOXHRI1PPVRksLVHTXDOWR1PP
)LJ7KHILQLWHHOHPHQWPRGHO
)LJ:HOGPRGHOOLQJPHWKRGXQLWPP
7KHZHOGPRGHOOLQJFDQDIIHFWWKHVWUHVVGLVWULEXWLRQDWWKHZHOGWRH7KHREOLTXHVKHOOUHFRPPHQGHG>@LVVHOHFWHG WRPRGHOWKHZHOGWKHWKLFNQHVVRIWKHREOLTXHVKHOOFDQEHGHILQHGVDPHDVWKHWKURDWWKLFNQHVVRIWKHZHOG)LJ 7KHREOLTXHVKHOOPD\RIIHUWKHVLPLODULW\RIJHRPHWU\DQGVWLIIQHVVRIWKHZHOGEXWWKHVWUHVVGLVWULEXWLRQRIWKHZHOG HOHPHQWLVXQUHOLDEOH7KHSDUDPHWHUVRIPDWHULDOVDUHOLVWHGLQ7DEOH7KHGHJUHHVRIIUHHGRPRIWKHQRGHVLQWKH WZRRXWVLGHGLDSKUDJPVDUHIL[HG
94
Chong Wu et al. / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 91 – 96 7DEOH3DUDPHWHUVRIWKHPDWHULDOV
(ODVWLF PRGXOXV03D
3RLVVRQUDWLR
'HQVLW\NJP
&RQFUHWH
î
VWHHO
î
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
'HWDLO% XSSHUFXWRXW
'HWDLO$
VWUHVV03D
'HWDLO$ǻı 'HWDLO$ǻIJ 'HWDLO%ıORZHU 'HWDLO%ıXSSHU
'HWDLO% ORZHUFXWRXW )LJ)DWLJXHGHWDLOVRIWKHNH\IRUPFXWRXW
0HVKVL]HPP
)LJ5HODWLRQVKLSRIUHIHUHQFHVWUHVVDQGPHVKVL]H
%HIRUHWKHIDWLJXHDVVHVVPHQWWKHUHIHUHQFHVWUHVVXVHGIRUDQDO\VLQJWKHIDWLJXHEHKDYLRXUVKRXOGEHGHILQHG,Q WKHSUHVHQWUHVHDUFKWKHQRPLQDOVWUHVVPHWKRGLVVHOHFWHGWRH[SODLQWKHIDWLJXHEHKDYLRXURIWKHZHOGLQJUHJLRQV )RU FRPSOH[ VWUXFWXUDO FRQILJXUDWLRQ VXFK DV WKH ULEWRGLDSKUDJP ZHOG UHJLRQ WKH QRPLQDO VWUHVV FDQ EH KDUGO\ REWDLQHGE\KDQGFDOFXODWLRQ7KHILQLWHHOHPHQWPRGHOLVDQHIIHFWLYHWRROWRFDOFXODWHWKHVWUHVVGLVWULEXWLRQ+RZHYHU WKHVWUHVVGLVWULEXWLRQQHDUWKHZHOGWRHLVLQIOXHQFHGE\VWUHVVFRQFHQWUDWLRQ$WDGLVWDQFHttLVWKHWKLFNQHVVRI SODWH IURP WKH ZHOG WRH RQ WKH SODWH VXUIDFH WKH VWUHVV SHDN YDOXH KDV VKDUSO\ GHFUHDVHG DQG VWUHVV GLVWULEXWLRQ EHWZHHQWKHtDQGtLVDOPRVWOLQHDU>@)RU'HWDLO$ZLWKWKHWKLFNQHVVRIWKHGLDSKUDJPEHLQJPPWKHSRLQW LQWKHPLGGOHRIWKHtDQGtLVDSSUR[LPDWHO\FPDZD\IURPWKHZHOGWRHWKHWHQVLOHVWUHVVıDQGVKHDUVWUHVVIJ LQ WKLV SRLQW LV FKRVHQ DV WKH UHIHUHQFH VWUHVV $OWKRXJK LQ WKLV UHJLRQ WKH VWUHVV VWLOO EHORQJV WR WKH VWUXFWXUDO VWUHVV GHILQLWLRQ LW ZLOO EH FRQVHUYDWLYH WR DVVHVV IDWLJXH EHKDYLRXU E\ WKH QRPLQDO VWUHVV PHWKRG $V IRU 'HWDLO % WKH PD[LPXPVWSULQFLSOHVWUHVVı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
95
Chong Wu et al. / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 91 – 96
WKHUDLOZD\WUDFN,QRUGHUWRVLPSOLI\WKH)(PRGHOWKHUDLOZD\RQWKHFRQFUHWHVODEVZDVQRWPRGHOOHG:KLOHWKH XQLWD[OHORDGZDVPRYLQJRQIRUZDUGWKHSUHVVXUHVJHQHUDWHGE\WKHUHDFWLRQIRUFHRIWKHVXSSRUWVZHUHDFWHGRQWKH FRQFUHWHVODEV7KHEHDULQJVL]HLVPPî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
VWUHVV03D
'HWDLO%ıORZHU 'HWDLO%ıXSSHU
&RQFHUQHGSDUW
VWUHVV03D
'HWDLO$ı 'HWDLO$IJ
'HWDLO$
'HWDLO$ı 'HWDLO$IJ
'HWDLO%ıORZHU 'HWDLO%ıXSSHU
ORDGVWHS
'HWDLO%
ORDGVWHS
)LJ7KHLQIOXHQFHOLQHVRIWKHNH\IRUPFXWRXW
)LJ7KHLQIOXHQFHOLQHVRIWKHFLUFOHIRUPFXWRXW
5HVXOWVDQG'LVFXVVLRQV ,Q(XURFRGH>@WKHIDWLJXHVWUHQJWKIRU'HWDLO$LVUHFRPPHQGHGWREH03DWKHVWUHVVUDQJHVXVHGE\WKH QRPLQDOVWUHVVPHWKRGDUHWKHHTXLYDOHQWVWUHVVUDQJHV(TXDWLRQVKRZVWKHUHODWLRQVKLS 7KH3HDNYDOXHVLQWKH VWUHVVLQIOXHQFHOLQHVWRRNSODFHVLPXOWDQHRXVO\VRWKHELJJHVWVWUHVVUDQJHVRIǻı DQGǻIJ RFFXUUHGDWVDPHWLPHDV ZHOO7KHPD[LPXPPDJQLWXGHRIWKHHTXLYDOHQWVWUHVVUDQJHVRIWKHNH\IRUPDQGWKHFLUFOHIRUPLV03DDQG 03DUHVSHFWLYHO\ZKLFKLVPXFKORZHUWKDQWKHFXWRIIOLPLWRIWKHIDWLJXHVWUHQJWKVRLWSURYHVWKDW'HWDLO$ ZLOOEHVDIHIRUWKHIDWLJXH 'V eq
'V
' V 'W
,QDGGLWLRQDFFRUGLQJWRWKHIDWLJXHWHVWUHVXOWVIURP/)UêEDDQG/*DMGRV>@DOOWKHVWUHVVUDQJHVLQ'HWDLO%V DUHDOVRXQGHUWKHFXWRIIOLPLW7KHPD[LPXPVWUHVVUDQJHVRIWKHGHWDLOVDUHOLVWHGLQ7DEOH %RWKWKHIRUPVRIWKHFXWRXWFDQPHHWWKHGHPDQGRIWKHIDWLJXH7KHVWUHVVUDQJHVRIWKHGHWDLOVLQWKHFLUFOHFXW RXWDUHDOLWWOHORZHUWKDQWKHYDOXHVLQWKHNH\IRUPFXWRXW%XWWKHNH\IRUPRIWKHFXWRXWLVDGRSWHGEHFDXVHLWLV HDV\ WR DVVHPEOH DQG ZHOG WKH ULEV DQG GLDSKUDJPV ZLWK D UHODWLYHO\ ODUJH WROHUDQFH 7KRXJK WKH VWUHVV UDQJHV LQ
96
Chong Wu et al. / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 91 – 96
FRQFHUQHGSDUWRIWKHRUWKRWURSLFVWHHOGHFNDUHDWDORZOHYHOWKHZHOGTXDOLW\IRUWKLFNVWHHOSODWHVVKRXOGEHGUDZQ WRDWWHQWLRQWKHDSSURSULDWHZHOGVHTXHQFHVKRXOGEHDGRSWHGWRGHFUHDVHWKHUHVLGXDOVWUHVVDURXQGWKHZHOGV 7DEOH7KHPD[LPXPVWUHVVUDQJHVRIWKHGHWDLOV
'HWDLO$ǻıHT03D
/RZHU'HWDLO%ǻı03D
8SSHU'HWDLO%ǻı03D
.H\IRUP
&LUFOHIRUP
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± >@%RKDL-L(YDOXDWLRQRQURRWGHFNIDWLJXHRIRUWKRWURSLFEULGJHGHFN-RXUQDORI&RQVWUXFWLRQDO6WHHO5HVHDUFK ± >@+\RXQJ%R6LP&KLD0LQJ8DQJ6WUHVVDQDO\VHVDQGSDUDPHWULFVWXG\RQIXOOVFDOHIDWLJXHWHVWVRIULEWRGHFNZHOGHGMRLQWVLQVWHHO RUWKRWURSLFGHFNV-RXUQDORI%ULGJH(QJLQHHULQJ ± >@(1LHPL6WUHVVGHWHUPLQDWLRQIRUIDWLJXHDQDO\VLVRIZHOGHGFRPSRQHQWV,,:7KH,QWHUQDWLRQDO,QVWLWXWHRI:HOGLQJ >@-6/HHQGHUW])DWLJXHEHKDYLRXURIFORVHGVWLIIHQHUWRFURVVEHDPFRQQHFWLRQVLQRUWKRWURSLFVWHHOEULGJHGHFNV3K'GLVVHUWDWLRQ'HOIW >@/)UêED/*DMGRV)DWLJXHSURSHUWLHVRIRUWKRWURSLFGHFNVRQUDLOZD\EULGJHV(QJLQHHULQJ6WUXFWXUHV ± >@(1LHPL:)ULFNHDQG6-0DGGR[)DWLJXHDQDO\VLVRIZHOGHGFRPSRQHQWV,,:7KH,QWHUQDWLRQDO,QVWLWXWHRI:HOGLQJ >@(XURFRGH'HVLJQRI6WHHO6WUXFWXUHV3DUW)DWLJXH(19