Faunal horizons of the Barton Beds in Hampshire

131

FAUNAL HORIZONS OF THE BARTON BEDS IN HAMPSHIRE. By ERNEST ST. JOHN BURTON, F.L.S., F.G.S. [Recei,·ed. 19th january, 1933·] {Read, and December, 1932.1 PAGE I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X.

INTRODUCTION GENERAL REMARKS THE LOWER BARTON BEDS THE MIDDLE BARTON BEDS THE UPPER BARTON BEDS INLAND SECTIONS OF THE BARTON BEDS LIST OF FOSSILS NOTES ON THE FAUNA SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION .. REFERENCES

13 1 13 2 134 14 1

14.'>

147 15 1

161 16+ 16 5

I. INTRODUCTION. THIS paper describes the precise horizons of the Upper Eocene species within the three main divisions of the Barton Beds (Lower, Middle and Upper). A special effort has been made by investigation of the 14 subdivisions composing the Barton Clay and Barton Sand, to ascertain the frequency or rarity of all specific forms, and to define the horizons at which they occur. The type section at Christchurch Bay, Hampshire, indicated on the Geological Survey Maps: "Bournemouth.' Sheet 329, and' Lymington,' Sheet 330, is selected as eminently suitable for such an inquiry. Gardner, Keeping and Moncktoo [1, p. 621J' state that" the List of Barton fossils comprises 23 Vertebrates, 47 Invertebrates other than Mollusca, 257 Gasteropods, and ISO Bivalves, exclusive of over 120 undetermined species."> A catalogue of Older Cainozoic fossils from the Isle of Wight has lately been published [2, pp. 340-73J, and with additions made in 1928 [2, pp. 571-9J, shows a total of more than 200 species collected from the Upper Eocene portion of the Lower Tertiary Beds. The catalogue also contains notes of additional horizons for species recorded in the earlier Survey Lists [3J, and is the most complete that has appeared, having regard to the difficulty of collecting from nearly vertical strata and consequently narrow outcrops. The faunal list accompanying the present paper is restricted to the records of species, the horizons of which are known to the author, but opportunities for thorough collecting from the I For list of References see p. 165-

See also R. B. Newton, Systematic List of the F. E. Edwards Collection of British Oligocene and Eocene Mollusca in the British Museum (Natural History). London, 1891. 2

132

E . ST . JOHN BURTON,

Barton Beds may in the future be less advantageous, and it is thought advisable t o make kn own the exact horizons where the speci es are found. The accuracy of the records ma y be considered as less equivocal than would be th e case if they had been obtained by indirect means. The number of species collected by the author is 480 : 24 species are new t o the Bartonian of E ngland .' A subst ant ial increase is made t o the list of invertebrates n ot mollusca , an d some additional records of vertebrates (Pisces) are also included . With respect t o the nomencl ature , cert ai n class ificato ry cha nges must ine vitably ensue when th ose species at present designated by nomina nuda only, come to be full y desc ribed. Some excuse ma y be sought for attempting a further descri pt ion of the English Upper Eocene in recalling a memorabl e statement by Forbes in 1856 [4 , p. 95], that "the onward progress of geology demands reiterated revisals of list s of organic remains, as well as renew ed examination of the districts in which they have been found. It is unsafe in most cases t o depend on the list s given in papers dating some 20 years or fewer; and a careful estimate of the acquirements of the cataloguer, as well as the value of the materials he had in hand for comparison, requires to be made before we can venture to mingle published data of some yea rs st anding with more rece nt observations for genera lization." Th e hope is expressed by the au thor that his exper ience of many years collecting at Barton may have sufficient authority to indicate the frequen cy or rarity in distribution of the English Uppe r Eocene spe cies.

II. GENERAL REMARKS. The inland extent of t he Barton Bed s in H ampshire having received notice in th e Geological Survey Memoirs of 1902 , 1915 and 1917, it will merely be necessary t o review the boundaries sh own on the Geological Survey Maps : ' Ringwood ,' Sheet 314 ; ' Sout hampton,' 315; ' Bourn emout h,' 329 ; and • Lymington ,' 330. (See a lso T . W. Shore , [5].) Some inland exposures yielding det erminable fossils ar e described on pp , 147-51 of the present paper. The western limits of t he Barton Beds in the district here dealt with are defined by the east ern flank of the Avon Valley. Upper Eocene Beds have been traced northward from the coast section east of Cliff End near Highcliff, to Bransgore, Crow, a nd east ward of Poulner, near Ringwood. North of Poulner, the boundaries turn north-eastw ard to t Since this paper was YtTLUen. I hav e received from Mr. Dennis Curry. o f Jesus College , Cambridge, 7 'species (6 ne w to Bar to n) : the tot al of new records is th us raised to 30. The names and horizons of these speci es are given at the end of the list of fossils.

FAUNAL HORIZONS OF THE BARTON BEDS.

133

Highwood, Broomy Plain, Holly Hatch Inclosure, and Fritham Plain. The most northerly extension of the Barton Beds is at Longcross and at Black Bush Plain, near Bramshaw. Thence in a south-easterly direction they run to about half a mile from Brook, where they turn westward nearly to Fritham Lodge and south-eastward again, to within a quarter of a mile from Cadnam. lhen past Woodlands, Hounsdown, Marchwood, and skirting Southampton Water, to Hythe, Fawley, Ower and Eaglehurst on the coast. The higher (200-400 feet) plateaux of the New Forest, as well as a considerable portion of the area lying south of this, are overspread by extensive sheets of Plateau Gravel, which from New Milton to the coast at Barton-on-Sea, and in the neighbourhood of Milford-on-Sea and also northward of this, is overlaid by 5 to 6 feet of reddish loam (Brickearth). There are several inliers of Barton Beds as noted by Clement Reid [6J, the largest of these, bordering the Beaulieu River, being two miles in length and nearly half a mile broad. Despite the fairly wide area occupied by Upper Eocene Beds in the Hampshire Basin, inland sections yielding fossils are comparatively few. Clement Reid [6, p. 36) mentions blue sandy and shelly clay (Barton Beds) with Ostrea and fish remains in the stream-bank, half a mile east of the Knight Wood Oak; but on the occasion of a visit to the locality in 1931 the author was unable to trace any fossils: the horizon, however, may be identified as the Chama-Bed (Upper Barton). The southerly portions of the Upper Eocene Beds exposed in the well-known cliff section at Christchurch Bay, and in the Isle of Wight, at Alum Bay and Whitecliff Bay, show that, despite the proximity of these localities one to the other, there exist slight differences palseontologically, and although a broad similarity in lithological characters is maintained at corresponding horizons, particular species have a somewhat different range. Following a protracted absence from the Middle Barton Beds some species reappear at higher stages of the formation. As early as 1857, Prestwich [7, p. 105J, in discussing the correlation of the Eocene Tertiaries of England with those of France and Belgium, uttered a timely warning that "the anomaly [was presentedJ of species characterizing the upper zone of one formation in England, absent in the synchronous zone in France, migrating to and flourishing in that latter area in the next overlying series, whilst in the contemporaneous English beds they are wanting. This in fact is a phsenomenon apparently common throughout the Eocene series, and should render us very careful in drawing any conclusions from observations upon a limited number of organic remains."

134

E.

ST. JOHN BURTON,

Gardner, Keeping and Monckton [1J cite in their list 12 species known only at Alum Bay, and apparently unrepresented at Barton, although this is situated only about seven miles away from equivalent deposits at Alum Bay, " where they have long been known." The species in question are as follows: Discohelix ptuellatus, Eumargarita spirata, E. trochiformis, Lucina ambigua, L. callosa, L. menardi, Pleurotoma curta, P. dilinum, P. hemileia, P. turgidula, P. vicina, and Pseudoliva fissurata. The above nomenclature is here unrevised. Restrictions of this kind might be due to insufficient collecting, or to the greatly increased rarity of the species, at Barton; but with the exception of Bathyioma [PleurotomaJ hemileia, the author has not collected them, although having met with several species regarded as Bracklesham forms not ranging up into the Barton Beds. A notable instance at Horizon A3 is that of Globularia sphierica, a species originally [1J placed among the principal types driven away or extinguished at the close of the Bracklesham period. Aporrhais d. sowerbyi, a London Clay species, also occurs at Horizon A3. Gardner, Keeping and Monckton [1] state that " many rare species not met with on the mainland are confined to these beds." The above writers probably refer to the Middle Barton Beds at Alum Bay. The extreme rarity of those examples found in beds of Lower Barton age, almost precludes the view that they can be other than mere stragglers surviving with difficulty under conditions perhaps unfavourable to their continued existence within the area. The Middle Barton division can be studied to better advantage than the Lower and Upper divisions; but at Horizon E, approximately midway up in the Middle Barton, thin (1 foot) highly fossiliferous seams occasionally laid bare at shore-level below Barton-on-Sea, by the removal of shingle during winter storms, have been destroyed by the sea. Until a considerably greater recession of the cliff at this point has taken place a comparatively wide (roo x 25 yards) expanse of the more fossiliferous portions of the beds will not be available. There is, moreover, some indication of a slight inland north-eastward dip in the Middle Barton Beds, and assuming that the retreat of the cliff amounts to an average of even I foot per annum, the dip would render impossible, for at least half-a-century, the exposure of seams at the same horizon and upon the shore. The recession of the cliffs in places is certainly more than a foot during a year, but this increase is sometimes due to sudden landslips and not to actual erosion caused by the sea. I

III. THE LOWER BARTON BEDS. HORIZON AI, 21 feet. Within a quarter of a mile east of Cliff End a clear section I E. St. John Burton.

Rep. Brit. Assoc., Southampton,

1925, Section C, p. 3 t z,

F AUNAL HORIZONS O F TH E BARTO N BEDS.

I35

of the I I feet basement bed was formerly to be seen about midway-up in the cliff bel ow Highcliff Castle. It is now more difficult of access owing t o the pla cing of barbed wire near the base of the cliff. Moreover, the section is considerably overgrown . T he lowest bed and t hat immediat ely underl ying it, but included with the Bracklesham Series, are both fossiliferous. Mollusca are not preser ved ot herwise than as cas ts in clay; they consist of sma ll bivalves and a few spe cies of uni val ves not distinctive of eit her form ation (See Fisher [8, p. 88] or Whi t e [9, p. 38]. It may be remarked respecting the Highcli ff Sands (Upper Brac klesha m Beds)-the lowest beds exposed at this point of t he Hampshire coast-that large T racbycardium porulosum , represented by external casts with a thin brown coating, do n ot occur abo ve t he pebble-bed at 10 feet below the base of the Barton Clay, so that an abrupt change in phy sical con dit ions is indicated. Starkie Gardner [1, p. 583] sp eaks of the lowest beds of the Barton Series as being full of fruits and fir-cones, and apparentl y he includes the highe st bed of the Bracklesham Series. He also mentions chelonian and crocodilian remains, but none of the mate rial seems to have adm itted of spe cific determinati on except the fir-cones [P ityostrobus dixoni) . Th ese and fragm ents of wood up t o one foot in length, are not infrequent. At Horiz on AI nummulites (N ummulites elegans) a re preser ved merely as pyritous casts not eas ily distinguisha ble in the dark cla y matrix, and are not very common . Th eir abundance and fine preser vation is very marked at the mu ch higher (33 feet) H ori zon A3, 1 2 feet, of the Lower Barton Beds. A few vertebrates (Odontaspi s macrota) and ?A rgillochelys sp., are also found , but the author has met with no otolit hs of fishes. If originally present th ese interesting relics have been destroyed owing t o the unf avourable nature of the matrix. The succeeding 1 0 feet of Horizon AI shows a gradual passage upw ards t o sandy clay of a paler colour than th e preceding. It cont a ins few preserved fossils exce pt st ray exa mples of Ostrea gigantea, in a much pyritized st ate. HORIZON A2, 13 feet. The sediment is continued without any appearance of yielding many fossils; the abundance of selenite, however, might suggest the former presence of mollusca. The frequency of marine shells such as " Cancellaria," "Cassis," Pleurotoma, Rostellaria and Turritella, to which allusion has been made by some writers [1J [9J, is hardly suggested by what is now observed, alt hough of late years there are fewer clear exposures to determine the point .

E.

ST. JOHN BURTON,

The two highest beds of the Lower Barton, Horizons A3 and B, afford instructive evidence with regard to the close affinities between Upper Bracklesham and Lower Barton Beds. The coast sections of the former series on the mainland do not provide suitable data for comparison, because they indicate shallow-water conditions approaching a shore line situated not far westward, and the mollusca as well as the abundant traces of vegetation, support this view. Inland in the New Forest, the highest beds attributed by Fisher to the Bracklesham Series, occur at Huntingbridge, near Bramshaw. The Survey list of fossils [6J collected at that locality shows among the lamellibranchs such well marked Bracklesham forms as Chama gigas, Venericor [Venericardia J planicosta, and among the gastropods: Campanile cornucopia, " Cassidaria " coronata, Mesalia fasciata, Turritella sulcifera, and Volutilithes uniplicatus. None of these species occurs in any part of the Lower Barton Beds on the coast. Fisher [8J remarks, however, that "the character of the matrix at Huntingbridge approaches more nearly to some of the Barton deposits than to any of the Bracklesham strata." A feature remarked upon by Prestwich [7, p. 131] is that fossils are more thinly distributed than in the underlying Bracklesham Beds. Accumulations of bivalves are entirely wanting except for the concentration of Chama squamosa at the base of the Upper Barton Beds. Large gastropods such as Clavilithes lcngceuus, C. macrospira, Hip-pochrenes amplus and Volutospina luctatrix are sparingly distributed, or when they happen to occur more commonly, are restricted to thin shelly seams barely exceeding a thickness of 6 inches, and often less. HORIZON A3, 12 feet. The important bed in the Lower Barton division is that constituting Horizon A3. It is composed of grey tenacious clay with an admixture of fine-grained sand and some glauconite. In order to avoid any confusion between the horizons it is necessary to observe that the clay-ironstone concretions of the Barton Beds are not restricted to the Middle Barton only, although the four definite layers all belong to that division and are of service in defining horizons. Clay-ironstone concretions of varying dimensions from 10 x 5 inches up to 4 x I feet, occur well below the lowest Middle Barton line, and are exposed if the clays are washed clear of debris by the sea. These concretions in the Lower Barton do not persist along a definite horizontal plane, but are unevenly dispersed in a

FAUNAL HORIZONS OF THE BARTON BEDS.

137

similar manner to the concretions at the base of the Middle Barton Beds some 10 feet higher; the lower concretions are distinct from them. The clay-ironstone has occasionally been formed around fragments of wood, 3 feet long and several inches thick, which previously to enclosure were extensively bored by Teredo. In the lower part of Horizon A3 a layer about 2 inches thick, composed chiefly of shell-material in a ferruginous matrix, sometimes agglutinating the organic contents into a hardened mass, is on rare occasions exposed between Chewton Bunny at Highcliff and the prominent cliff (Horizons Band C) so well seen about a quarter of a mile eastward of the Glen (Chewton Bunny). The length of the exposure does not exceed 100 yards. Nearer the Glen and westward of this, the beds are generally obscured by landslips or fallen undergrowth. Molluscan species present in the shelly layer referred to, and also those contained in a higher layer at 10 feet above the base and 2 to 3 inches thick, may be usefully compared with species found in beds of Upper Bracklesham (Auversian) age. With the exception of the cones of Piiyostrobus dixoni , occasionally met with in a good state of preservation, well preserved fruits or seeds are rare in the Barton Beds. While searching for plant-remains, an endocarp was recently found at Horizon A3. This specimen has been submitted to Mrs. E. M. Reid and Miss M. E. J. Chandler, who have kindly made the following preliminary report : "The specimen is of the greatest interest both intrinsically and as coming from the Barton Clay. We are not able at the present time to publish a full report of it, but hope to do so later. Meantime we can state that it belongs to an extinct genus closely related to Mastixia, the only living genus of the sub-section Mostixioida: of the family Cornaceai,"

Fragments of the twigs of Sequoia sp. are occasionally found, sometimes almost enveloped by iron pyrites, but those not enveloped show distinct external characters. Poorly-preserved seeds, fruit spikes, rhizomes of plants which presumably grew in quite shallow water, and strips of lignite having the appearance of reeds, up to 8 inches in length, are conspicuous; but the material provides little that can be determined owing to the immersion and maceration undergone by such long-drifted remains. Further investigation might lead to the discovery of better-preserved material. A repeated search confirms the view that anthozoa other than Turbinolia are decidedly rare. If wider exposures were available for examination near Highcliff, there would be perhaps some probability of finding species only recorded at present from higher divisions of the Barton Series; on the other hand, this relative lack of species might be due to unfavourable peculiarities of the original environment, or would suggest a PROC. GEOL. Assoc., VOL. XLIV., PART 2, 1933·

9

E. ST. JOHN HURTa",

local and restricted distribution. Examples of Turbinolia in this subdivision are generally well preserved. A large number of apparently immature individuals are noticed, which show 16 septa. These may probably represent a new species. Echinoderms are mostly fragmentary. Forbes [4] records Euspatangus hastingsia:, and Gregory [12J, E. excentricus ; the author is unable to give the exact horizons. The preservation of characteristic ornamentation of the material in hand is irreproachable, and it is unfortunate that so much of it is merely fragmentary. Some additions have recently [10] been made to the records of Barton bryozoa. All the species occur associated with mollusca in drifts of shell-material, seldom exceeding three inches in thickness, and consisting ordinarily of a mere layer of shells intermingled with fine carbonaceous matter. At Horizon A3, the worn surfaces of many specimens of mollusca suggest that, prior to being covered by sediment, they were subjected to a sufficient degree of attrition to render the ornamentation obscure. This condition may have been caused by friction of angular quartz-sand set in motion by the action of currents, and it is less likely to have been produced by chemical agency, which would have affected a larger majority. The surfaces of the shells have thus been denuded of bryozoa. The profile section [1] of the Barton Beds shows the' peculiar pinkish band,' at which horizon a small shore-crab, described by Henry Woodward [16], is said to have been found. This horizon is about four feet from the top of Horizon AI, viz., at 16 feet above the base (Ironstone band) of the Barton Clay; the section by Gardner, Keeping, and Monckton [1], shows the' red band' in this position. Unfortunately, the horizon (pinkish or red band) cannot be traced at present, and it is doubtful if it will be so again. Thin but distinctive bands, although not composed ot 'red marl' similar to the one mentioned, are very persistent along the horizons at which they occur at Barton, and the 'red band' would prove useful in indicating a line of demarcation between beds now much confused by foundering. The presence of a single shore-crab at Horizon AI, does not necessarily demonstrate shallow-water conditions, any more so than that the occasional occurrence of freshwater shells at Horizon A3 proves the estuarine character of that bed. The lowest beds are marine, but it may be that owing to oscillations of level, a considerable rise of the sea-floor took place. Gardner, Keeping and Monckton [1J, referring to the' Highcliff Beds,' state "that the water still remained shallow is apparent, since the shells unless minute, are broken into small tragments and drifted with sand into pockets." The above

FAUNAL HORIZONS OF THE BARTON BEDS.

139

authors further remark [1J that "many of the species are exceedingly like living shells from Australia and Japan, and seem to indicate a considerable depth of water." Thus. it is to be inferred that the water became much deeper towards the higher part of Horizon A3, yet at this stage the shells are similarly drifted into pockets with sand. Caution is needful in pronouncing certain species to be confined to one division; this is especially true with regard to some of the lameIlibranchs. A number of species certainly do not ascend above Horizon B, the top bed of the Lower Barton; these are, however, familiar in the Bracklesham Beds, and cannot be treated as distinctive of Lower Barton deposits. The gastropod fauna comprises a large series. Stress has been laid [1J upon the prevalence of very small shells in the Lower Barton, probably because they are more conspicuously crowded together in pockets than in the Middle Barton Beds. Excepting Cornulina, large gastropods such as Clavilithes and Hip-pochrenes, are represented by adults which compared with the robust growth attained by them in the Middle Barton, reach only a diminutive size at maturity in the Lower Barton. Many mollusca at this horizon exhibit a black staining of the surface, in striking contrast to the cream-coloured surfaces generally shown by those in the Upper Barton, at Horizon H. The value of gastropods for zonal purposes has been indicated by Fisher [8] in dealing with the Bracklesham Beds. He remarks that the genus Pleurotoma affords great help in subdividing the horizons. Particular species are useful in the field owing to their comparative frequency at special horizons of the Eocene. Eopleurotoma monerma and Surcula microdonta are two common species in the Lower Barton Beds, and taken together they are sufficient to determine the horizon at Barton. Neither species occurs for the first time. E. monerma is found in the London Clay, and S. microdonta in the Bracklesham Beds. Thus, the Lower Barton Beds constitute the limit of their upward range. Fishes are represented by otoliths, spines, teeth, and vertebrre. In the Barton Beds the proportion of individual examples of otoliths is markedly variable at different substages, and a certain number of rarer forms are confined to definite horizons, while others such as Otolithus (Elops) sp., and O. (OPhidiidarum) sp., are so rare as to be hardly ever met with in samples of material collected. Although otoliths are relatively common in the English Upper Eocene, Shepherd [23J seems obviously mistaken when referring to the Siluroid Otolithus (Arius) crassus as being so plentiful in the Barton Clay. Recent field experience fails to

E.

ST. JOHN BURTON,

con finn his statement. The late Eliot Walton, as mentioned by Shepherd [23, p. 204J, dug out a large pocket at Highcliff, and from a quantity of the material sifted, found only four fish otoliths. On the other hand, he collected 'from a small mound of a reddish colour' 150 or more specimens. It is not stated whether these were obtained from the Lower Barton, and they may have been found at a higher horizon, probably at Horizon G. The only species that is consistently common at Barton is O. (Apogonidarum) bouryi, occurring in all samples examined except from horizons at which otoliths have not been preserved or are very rare. The rest are frequent, in a lesser degree than common, or not common, in a lesser degree than frequent, or they are rare. The fish teeth are invariably found as isolated specimens; portions of the skull with the jaw, bearing teeth in position of life being extremely rare. A Siluroid skull from the Barton Clay has been described by E. T. Newton [18]. Reptilian remains other than those of chelonia are unquestionably rare in the Barton Beds. Occasionally, vertebra. referred to Palceophis sp., occur at Horizon A3, in a thin ferruginous seam towards the base which is very seldom exposed. HORIZON B, 4 feet. The next bed, Horizon B, in the ascending succession, is composed of grey sandy and glauconitic clay, four feet thick, and overlaid by a line of irregularly-spaced spheroid concretions, marking the upper limit of the Lower Barton. Fossils except fish teeth are not in very good condition. The paucity of foraminifera, anthozoa, and bryozoa, is very marked. This, however, may be due in some cases to failure of preservation in an unfavourable matrix. Deposition of sediment seems to have been slow and intermittent. A number of molluscan forms range up from Horizon A3, but the diminution in individuals of familiar Lower Barton species becomes apparent, and is further emphasized by the frequency of those more prominently represented in the Middle Barton Beds, such as Clavilithes longceuus and Volutospin« luetatrix.

Fish otoliths are scarce and poorly preserved. It is probable that, although originally more numerous, they subsequently became disintegrated, and disappeared owing to the unfavourable nature of the matrix, as at Horizon AI. Portions of the costals and marginals of ?A rgillochelys sp. are fairly common, but as so often happens in respect of such material in the Barton Clay, it is fragmentary and renders even generic determination somewhat speculative.

FAUNAL HORIZONS OF THE BARTON BEDS.

141

Fossils characterising the Lower Barton Beds are most safely to be sought among gastropod mollusca; of these, the four following forms are common and confined to that horizon at Barton: Bartonia canaliculata, Dientomochilus [Strombidea] bartonensis, Surcula microdonta, Volutospina nodosa.

IV. THE MIDDLE BARTON BEDS. HORIZON C, 6 feet. Above the line of clay-ironstone concretions at the top of Horizon B, the clay becomes darker in texture; it is coarse and gritty owing to the presence of numerous subangular pebbles (commonly r-millimetre in size) incorporated with the finer argillaceous material. On weathering, the clay assumes a rusty hue. This sub-stage constitutes Horizon C, 6 feet, the upper limit being defined by a layer of septaria. Fossils are plentiful in the lower part, but soon diminish upward. The paucity of forms other than mollusca is again very marked; only a few foraminifera, anthozoa, and bryozoa are here recorded by the author. Nummulites continue at this horizon, although they are rare and poorly developed. Turbinolids (Turbinolia forbesi) are imperfectly preserved and rare. Two common forms of bryozoa occur: Lunulites iransiens and Sphceropora [Heteropora] glandiformis ; but both species at this horizon are rare, an unusual circumstance for the latter, generally so common in the Barton Beds. Cirripedia and malacostraca are apparently very rare. Mollusca are not usually well-preserved, being in many instances compressed or broken. The fracture of the outer lip of the larger gastropod shells may be attributed to mollusc-eating fish. A feature distinguishing this bed is the prevalence of the gastropod, Clavilithes longcevus. Specimens are unfortunately much compressed, but occasionally uncompressed examples occur. This species is very rare at Horizon D, and absent in overlying beds of the Middle Barton Series. C. elongatus is extremely rare; the few examples known are well-preserved, markedly contrasting with the prevailing inferiority of preservation at this horizon (Horizon C). Clavilithes elongatus is strictly absent from all higher beds of the Middle Barton, but juveniles reappear in the Chama-Bed (Horizon H). Horizon C defines the zone of Votutospina suspensa, which is very rare in an adult state, although immature specimens are less rare. This volute probably occurs also at Horizon A3 (Lower Barton Beds). It has not been found above the layer of septaria defining the superior limit of Horizon C. Volutospina suspensa. occurs in association with V. luctatrix, and the latter species is common at this point, yet adult individuals do not

E. ST. JOHN BURTON,

approach the dimensions (4!-S inches, axis) attained by those at higher horizons of the Middle Barton. HORIZON D, 20 feet. The layer of concretions, some of which are over S feet in length, at the base of this bed, is followed by dark clays becoming increasingly sandy and ferruginous towards the middle portion. In the lower part, for about 3 to 4 feet above the concretions, fossils occur in thin impersistent layers ; higher up they are scattered and badly-preserved. Fragmentary remnants of plants are common, but nearly all indeterminable; some of the twigs however have been identified as Sequoia sp. No cones of this genus have been found in the Barton Beds at Barton, but the hope is not without foundation that further records of plants from Horizon D may yet be possible. The rarity of foraminifera, anthozoa, echinoderma, bryozoa and crustacea continues at this horizon. No nummulites are traced. About 6 feet below the top, this bed is crowded with Corbula, C. pisum being far the commonest, and Bicorbula gallica, the rarest species. Associated with these are Corbula d. costaia, C. ficus, C. d. lamarcki and C. d. rugosa. Although none of the above species is confined to Horizon D, the concentration of Corbula is so definitely marked that this subdivision is one easily recognised in the field, and the top part may thus be known as the Corbula-bed. Whether the' Corbula-zone' mentioned on page 580 of Gardner, Keeping and Monckton's account of the Upper Eocene [1J refers to the same horizon is uncertain, for these writers merely state that the' Corbula-zone ' is said to have been recognised in brick-pits at Bransgore in Hampshire. On the occasion of a visit to this locality during 1931 the author could find no shelly clays below the horizon of F. Middle Barton Beds. "Leda" minima is associated with Corbula, and is profusely common at Barton. It is found thus at every horizon except at G, and above H, Upper Barton. About 3 feet below the upper limit of Horizon D, the clayswhen exposed upon the shore a quarter of a mile westward of Barton Court-are seen to contain frequent mature examples of Clavilithes macrospira ; but the specimens at this point, and, in fact, throughout the bed, are mostly compressed and in a soft condition. The almost entire absence of C. longanrus is noteworthy. A feature of interest is the occurrence of rare adult specimens of Faunus rigidus, this species having a slightly extended vertical .range from Lower Barton, but it is never found above Horizon D. The increased dimensions of Bathytoma turbida, Surcula

FAUNAL HORIZONS OF THE BARTON BEDS.

143

crassicosta, S. exorta and Volutospina ambigua, are also worthy of note. Fish teeth are few and widely scattered, except at the sub-stage containing so many Corbula, where the teeth of Odontaspis are more frequent. Below the actual Corbula-bed occasional symphyses of chelonia occur; they are encrusted with crystals of selenite cemented together by a ferruginous deposit, and many other fossils in the lower part of Horizon D are similarly affected. HORIZON E, 5 feet. The next bed in ascending order is Horizon E, which includes two most important fossiliferous seams in the Middle Barton Beds. The base is marked by a one-inch seam of Ostrea d. plicata, and at the top there is a layer of large (3 x It feet) flattish and widely-spaced septaria. The lower part (3-feet) is composed of rather loosely-compacted clay, and the upper (z-feet) of hard brownish-grey clay. The present interpretation of the section differs somewhat from that given by Gardner, Keeping and Monckton [1J with regard to the position of the best fossil-zone (see 10, ' Vertical Section, etc.'). The above writers place this zone higher than the septaria, and more recently [9, 1915J a similar reading is found. The lower seam contains numerous subangular pebbles, I to z-mm. in size; but larger (t to i-inch) pebbles occur as the bed is traced westward. Near Highcliff weathered surfaces show that the pebbles must be disseminated with some frequency through the clay, and that they represent a rather mixed mineral assemblage. Well-preserved cones of Pityostrobus dixoni occasionally occur together with other but unidentifiable plant-remains. Mollusca in the lower part are less well preserved than those in the upper part, where a distinct change of sediment has taken place. HORIZON F, 25 feet. This horizon comprises 20 feet of brownish-grey clay up to the highest layer of concretionary clay-ironstone in the Middle Barton Beds, and it is followed by five feet of similar clay, marked at the top by the shell-band forming the base of the Upper Barton Beds [10]. Horizon F is characterised by a series of shell-drifts, the thickest of which does not exceed 5 inches. The thickness of them is variable over given distances, although in most cases they can be traced with tolerable persistency towards Highcliff, where the Upper and Middle Barton Beds have been successively cut off at the summit of the cliff, about 100 feet in height, by denudation preceding the deposition of the Plateau Gravel. The shell-drifts having been described elsewhere [10J, it will

144

E. ST. JORK BURTON,

not be necessary to recapitulate the details. The fauna is very similar throughout, as high as the septaria at 20 feet; above Fragments of driftwood, often these some changes occur. 3 feet in length, are conspicuous at this horizon. Fircones or other plant-remains that might be identified are rare, and deposits of fine carbonaceous matter are slight compared with those at lower horizons of the Middle Barton Beds. The molluscan fauna does not remain unaffected by the change from relatively tranquil conditions of deposition-as evidenced by the perfect preservation of the shells in the higher part of Horizon E-to a sea-bed probably subjected to the action of strong currents. Much of the molluscan material is reduced to comminuted fragments, in dense layers largely composed of Corbula pisum; but detached valves of Crassatellites sulcatus and of Ostrea gigantea are common. The number of species diminishes, compared WIth the rich series of Horizon E. Apart from the actual shell-drifts the clay is sparsely provided with the larger gastropods. Very rare specimens of Chama sp. occur towards the upper part of Horizon F. The lowest limit of the range of Chama in the Middle Barton Beds can be taken at approximately IO feet below the shell-band at the base of the Upper Barton. The fine adult gastropods, Clavilithes macrospira, Hifrpochrenes amplus and Sycostoma pyrus, suddenly become rare, and it is apparent that important changes were about to take place, already foreshadowed by the incoming of wide-spread drifts and by a diminishing fauna. At one foot below the concretions and 19 feet above the base of Horizon F there is a one inch seam of broken Turritella imbricataria. The clay-ironstone no doubt marks a pause in deposition, and it might be supposed that a shallower depth of water supervened. In the brownish laminated clay that follows the most common gastropod is a short (53 mm.) form of Turritella, distinct from T. imbricataria, with which species it is not associated. It is characteristic of this horizon at Barton, and serves to distinguish the subdivision. The fauna of the Middle Barton Beds includes few characteristic species, adopting the term in its strictest sense; this division of the Upper Eocene is rendered more distinctive by the absence of certain Lower and Upper Barton forms, rather than by species peculiar to it. Among lamellibranchia it is hardly safe to specialize, and gastropoda do not materially assist in affording indisputable evidence that anyone species is exclusively confined to the Middle Barton, taken as a whole. The following are most typical of the Middle Barton beds : Clavatula desmia, Surcula rostrata, Volutospina luctatrix, V.

FAUNAL HORIZONS OF THE BARTON BEDS.

I45

luctatrix may be cited as the characteristic fossil of the Barton Beds.

v.

THE UPPER BARTON BEDS. HORIZON G, I-2 feet. The shell band at the base of the Upper Barton Beds has been described elsewhere [10]. Hard shelly masses are noticed in the Upper Barton at Horizon H, and these are, or were, formerly well seen at Alum Bay in the Isle of Wight. Such indurated masses are distinct from the concretions in the ChamaBed (Horizon H) and are due to a local hardening of that bed ; they are also distinct from the shell-band, Horizon G. The molluscan fauna of the latter horizon is far from rich; the contents of the bed are composed of eroded or fragmentary material comprising relatively few species. Very rare examples of Chama sp. may not be clearly separable from less worn specimens of C. turgidula in the overlying Chama-Bed. Fragments of Nautilus sp., are occasionally found. HORIZON H (Chama-Bed) I8 feet. The Chama-Bed may be usefully divided in the following manner: lower part (TO feet), consisting of bluish-grey sandy day with numerous fossils; upper part (8 feet), consisting of greenish-grey clayey sand with fewer fossils, chiefly bivalves. This subdivision, so well-known to collectors, forms lithologically and palseontologically a clearly defined horizon at Barton. Of all the subdivisions-of the Barton Beds, the lower portion of the Chama-Bed is best provided with foraminifera; none are, however, recorded from it by Gardner, Keeping, and Monckton [1]. Mollusca do not occur in thin seams as in lower beds, but are distributed throughout the vertical extent of the bed, except at the point where lack of protective covering near the top of the cliff westward of Barton Court has led to decalcification. The lower part is characterised by Chama squamosa and Lyria decora, and the upper part by , Meretrix' incuroata and Votutitithes pertusus. The fauna embodies a number of species not occurring in lower subdivisions at Barton. Common Lower Barton species, absent in the Middle Barton, but reappearing in the Chama-Bed, are: Calliostoma nodutosum and Tornatellaia simutata. HORIZON I, 26 feet. Lighter-coloured sands follow immediately above the ChamaBed. The horizon has been thoroughly decalcified. The junction with the overlying bed (Oliva branderi zone of Gardner, Keeping, and Monckton) may be seen about 50 yards westward of Becton

146

E.

ST. JOHN BURTON,

Bunny, and at the east side of this, Horizon I is brought down to shore-level by the south-easterly dip. Some indications of the former presence of bivalve shells suggest a recurrence of shallow-water conditions similar to those characterising the HighcliffSands (Upper Bracklesham (Auversian) Beds), and like them are followed by more truly marine clays with gastropods. HORIZON ], 26 feet. Horizon I is overlaid by drab very sandy clay, six feet thick, which forms the basement bed of Horizon]. Farther westward towards Barton Court, this part of the bed is well exposed in the steep cliff, where it is crowded with external casts of small bivalves and of Ancilla, Natica, and Pollia [Tritonidea]. No larger forms are present. Fifty yards westward of Becton Bunny, a clear exposure exhibits preserved shells. The circumstance of their preservation may be partly explained because protection is afforded above by comparatively impervious clay, whereas in the direction of Barton Court, no suitable covering exists between the lower portion of Horizon ] and the Plateau Gravel at the top of the cliff. It may be noted, however, that though the Highcliff Sands are overlaid by clays near Cliff End, west of Highcliff, they do not contain preserved shells. The best exposure of the horizon is in the lower part of the cliff on either side of Becton Bunny, when at intervals masses of shingle are removed by winter-storms. The subdivision is highly fossiliferous, but is difficult to work satisfactorily owing to the extreme fragility of the fossils which soon crumble away on exposure. It is of interest to note the occurrence of Nautilus sp. so high in the Barton Series. There is a complete absence of Turritella in all beds higher than the Chama-Bed. HORIZON K, 20 feet. This bed comes next in the closing stages of the Eocene at this point; it is composed almost entirely of whitish sand, dust-like in character, and crowded with mollusca in the upper part. At the top, there is a band of greenish clay, I foot thick. The horizon differs both lithologically and palreontologically from all the underlying subdivisions of the Barton Beds in the Hampshire Basin. Tawney (26J devoted some attention to it, and his useful paper discusses the affinities of the horizon with the Barton Series, and gives a critical survey of the views advanced by English and Continental authors respecting the position of this bed in the stratigraphical succession. The deposit contains an immense abundance of Cyrena gibboscula, Bayania hordacea and Batillaria pleurotomoides. In places, the shells form an indurated calcareous rock. Specimens of mollusca are generally much eroded, but in following the

FAUNAL HORIZONS OF THE BARTON BEDS.

147

bed eastward towards Long Mead End (Taddiford), better preserved examples are obtained. HORIZON L, 4 feet 4 inches. This is the highest bed here attributed to the Eocene Series, and has been described in detail elsewhere [10]. South of Long Mead End it is, on rare occasions, exposed for about 60 yards along the shore at low tide, when the shore-level has been considerably lowered by the scouring action of exceptional fides, VI.

INLAND SEOTIONS OF THE BARTON BEDS.

(a) Knight Bros., Lower Brickyard, Bransgore. This is situated within 200 yards 5.s. W. of the Bransgore Post Office,and at about 60 feet O.D. The section at present open is 50 yards long and IS yards broad and shows part of the Lower Barton Beds. The clays are in a weathered condition and there is nothing to suggest whether the horizon exposed represents the upper or lower part of the Lower Barton as seen on the coast, but the absence of preserved mollusca apparently indicates that it lies below the top beds. The eastern end shows four feet of disturbed gravel, resting very unevenly upon an eroded surface of greenish and grey sandy-clay, eight feet of which is visible. The owner of the brickyard states that ironstone concretions have been met with at a lower level than that usually exposed. A search for fossils in the spoil-heaps was unsuccessful. The clays contain scattered black flint pebbles, fragments of lignite, and lumps of iron pyrites. (b) Knight Bros., Higher Brickyard. This may be found half a mile N.£. from Bransgore, and is at about ISO feet O.D. The author is not aware that this fossiliferous section has been previously described in detail. It is 80 yards long by 13 yards wide, these measurements representing the section when fully exposed. At the northeastern end, the section is of great interest and highly fossiliferous, the majority of the mollusca being well preserved. The descending succession can be made out at the north-eastern corner where the beds have been dug sufficiently deep to reach fossiliferous clays. Disturbed gravel, not exceeding two feet in thickness. at its exposed edge on the slope of the hill, rests upon an eroded surface of whitish sand, only one to two feet of which are visible. This sand must belong to the Upper Barton division, and is followed immediately below by light green sandy-clay, perhaps also belonging to the Upper Barton Beds; if so, the shell-band (Horizon G) at the base is missing. The green clay is unlike any part of the Middle Barton Beds of the coast section, but it may

E. ST. JOHN BURTON,

be much altered by weathering; the thickness seen is four feet. Then follows rather dark grey clay, which obviously belongs to the Middle Barton division, and weathers to a bluish grey. Five to six feet of this are exposed when the level of the water in the pit is low. The dark clay is full of shells, generally of small species, many being crowded together into lumps of ferruginous sand. The following fossils were collected chiefly from the spoilheaps by the author in June, 1931 : FORAMINIFERA. A nomalina grosserugosa ,11iliolina d. [erussaci 111. seminulum.

Poly morphina acuminata ANTHOZOA. Turbinolia humilis

ECHINODERMA. Hemiaster branderi BRYOZOA (POLYZOA). Biselenaria offa Lunulites transiens Teichopora (Bracebridgia) clavata ANNELIDA. Ditrupa plana Serpula extensa CRUSTACEA (Ostracoda) . Cythere plicata C. striatopunctata Cytheridea muelleri C. perforata MOLLUSCA. (Lamellibranchia) .

Callista transversa Corbula d. costata C. ficus C. d. lamarchi C. pisum Crassatellites sulcatus Glycymeris deleta • Leda' minima Limopsis scalaris Nemocardium parile Nucula bisulcata Ostrea plicato Ostrea sp. Venericardia d. crebrisulcata V. d. davidsoni V. sulcata

(Scaphopoda. ) Dentalium (Entaliopsis) striatum (Gastropoda). Admete (Bonellitia) evulsa A ncilla dubia A sthenotoma cf. zonulata Bathytoma d. hemileia B. turbida Bullinella sp. Calyptrcea aperta , Conomitra pan'a Eopleurotoma roiella " Epitonium " acutum. "E." reticulatum Fusinus porrectus Hemipleurotoma aspera Hippochrenes amplus Marginella bifido-plicata Murex tricarinatus N atica (A mpullonatica) ambulacrum N. caillati N. (Euspira) labellata Odontostomia hordeola Pollia [Tritonidea] lauata Rimella rimosa Solariaxis canaliculata Surcula crassicosta S. macilenta S. rostrata Sycostoma pyrus Turritella imbricataria T. sp. Typhis pungens Voiutospina athleta V. luctatrix Xenophora agglutinans X. discoidea VERTEBRATA. (Pisces).

Otolith-us (Berycidarum) bartonensis O. (Macrurus) aff. gracilis O. (Solea) approximatus (Reptilia) . Chelone sp.

149

FAUNAL HORIZONS OF THE BARTON BEDS.

The close similarity of the fauna of this section to that seen near Poulner, 41 miles north-north-west, renders it certain that the beds exposed lie at the same horizon, and may be correlated with the upper part of Horizon F (Middle Barton Beds) on the coast. The rarity or absence of Clavilithes macrospira at each of the two inland localities is noteworthy. (c) Ayles's (formerly Seymour's) Brickyard, Poulner, Ringwood.

This section is situated three quarters of a mile east of Poulner, on the Ringwood-Romsey road, and lies above the 200foot contour; it is between eight and nine miles from the coast section at Barton. The exposure has been described in the Ringwood Memoir (1902) by Clement Reid [6J. Some details and additions to the faunal list were obtained by the author, on re-examining the section in June, 1929. The lowest portion visible is very fossiliferous, and corresponds with the Middle Barton section at Bransgore. The beds represented, constitute a portion (six feet) of the upper part of Horizon F, Middle Barton Beds, overlain by Barton Sands; Horizon G appears to be missing. The length of the exposure is, or was, 25 yards; it is on the southern side of the brickyard, and represents the part actually worked. The descending succession is as follows:Disturbed Plateau Gravel Friable white sand (Barton Sands) stained by iron-oxide .. Tenacious grey shelly-clay, weathering bluish grey (Barton Clay) seen to

Feet. Inches.

4 8

0 10

6

0

Clay-material is dug out and dumped along the margin of the excavation,and the intervening space is thus liable to fill with water escaping from the base of the Barton Sand. The disturbed condition of the Plateau Gravel is due to solifluxion down the slope of the ground, and its thickness is considerably greater in the vicinity of Picket Post. The Chama-Bed, which should follow a basal shell-bed above the Barton Clay proper, is to all appearances unrepresented, unless it has become changed in character; there are no fossils to determine the point. The shell-band at the base (Horizon G) is absent as at Bransgore. A layer of clay ironstone (fourth concretionary layer, of the Middle Barton Beds on the coast) should be found at about eight feet below the position of the Chama-Bed; this 1ayer, however, may not be continuous, and the workings have not been carried sufficiently deep to ascertain whether it is present or otherwise. It would be of value in determining accurately the maximum thickness of the clay-bed between it and the base of the Upper Barton Beds. Clement Reid [6J records 15 species, chiefly of mollusca,

E. ST. JOHN BURTON,

150

obtained from' masses of glauconitic loam thrown out in working.' Glauconitic loam is not a characteristic feature of this part (Horizon F) of the Barton Clay on the coast; fossils may have been collected formerly at the north-east corner (now overgrown) of the brickyard, although a lithological change seems unlikely within so narrow a limit as that shown by the section. Exposures of clay in situ, underlying the white sand (Barton Sands) are not always available for examination, and the fossils collected by the author were obtained from the spoil-heaps. The list is as follows:FORAMINIFERA. Miliolina seminulum

Venericardia sulcata V. d. davidsoni

ANTHOZOA. Graphularia wetherelli Turbinolia sp_

(Scaphopoda). Dentalium (Entaliopsis) striatum

ECHINODERMA. Hemiaster branderi BRYOZOA (POLYZOA). Lunulites transiens Sph.eropora glandiformis Sp. indet, ANNELIDA. Ditrupa plana Serpula extensa CRUSTACEA (Ostracoda). Cythere striatopunctata Cytheridea muelleri MOLLUSCA. (Lamellibranchia) . Corbula d. costata C. pisum C. aff. lamarcki Crassatellites sulcatus Glycymeris deleta Mactra compressa Nemocardium parile Nucula sp. indet. Ostrea plicaia " Solen" sp.

(Gastropoda) . Bullinella constricta B. sp. Conomitra parva Drillia granulata " Epitonium " reticulatum

Euiima deshayesi

Fusinus porrectus Hip-pochrenes amplus N atica caillati Odontostomia hordeola O. sp. Rimella rimosa Solariaxis canaliculatus Surcula exorta S. lcevigata Sveltella microstoma Sycostoma pyrus Tinostoma dubium T urritella sp. Volutospina luctatrix Xenophora agglutinans X. discoidea

VERTEBRATA. (Pisces). Odontaspis macrota Otolithus sp. indet. Vertebra-

Many mollusca are in a broken condition ; otherwise their ornamentation is well preserved. Clavilithes macrospira is apparently very rare, and the circumstance of its rarity constitutes an additional proof that the horizon is correctly determined as that of F, Middle Barton Beds. (d) The Reservoir.

During 1931-32, a reservoir was constructed in close proximity

FAUNAL HORIZONS OF THE BARTON BEDS.

151

to the Poulner brickyard, but about 30 feet higher up on the ridge. The excavations showed that at least 16 feet of sand (Upper Barton Beds), deeply stained to an ochreous or a bright yellow hue, was penetrated without reaching clay. If clay was reached below that depth in the floor of the reservoir, none was apparently dug out. The Chama-Bed seems to be unrepresented and no fossils were found. On the northern slope of the ridge about ISO yards farther north-eastward, clay appears to have been met with at six feet below the surface during excavation work for a standard carrying overhead wires. The position is about 20 feet below the top of the ridge, and it might be expected that clay would occur at this point; but it is important as indicating a probable thickness of 18 feet for the overlying Barton Sands. (e) Section along the Southern Railway from Totton to Fawley, Hants, Brief mention may be made of the Eocene Beds exposed during the construction, in 1924, of a branch-line of the Southern Railway from Totton to Fawley, a distance of about eight miles. The few cuttings were examined by the author, in 1929. They are chiefly in the Bracklesham Beds. Between the first and second arches, about half a mile from Totton and Eling Station, 20 feet of dark green glauconitic clayey sands, followed by ten feet of yellowish sandy marls, were exposed for 450 yards. These sections are almost unfossiliferous, and only a few teeth of Odontaspis macrota, and fragments of dentitions of Miliobatis sp. were found. At the base, some traces of a shelly seam were met with, containing numerous examples of the bryozoan, Orbituli pora peuolus, the coral, Paracyathus crassus, and fragments of mollusca. No nummulites (Nummulites variolarius) were found, but on the strength of the occurrence of O. petiolus in the shelly seam, the horizon, including the overlying beds at this point, may be assigned to the Upper Bracklesham Beds. A cutting near Hythe exposes about 18 feet of yellowish and green sandy-clays resembling those seen at Totton. The next exposure is in the Barton Beds, at Fawley, 3! miles south-east. In the Station yard and nearby, upwards of 20 feet of bright yellow and white unfossiliferous sands (Barton Sands) capped by Plateau Gravel, are well shown. The Chama-Bed, if represented, was not clearly seen at time of the author's inspection. vc= 10ry

VII.

LIST OF FOSSILS.

common; Ceecommon ; Feefrequent ; NC=not common; R=rare; VR = very rare.

PLANTAO. "Endocarps (allied to Mastixia) Pityostrobus dixoni (Bowerbank) "Sequoia sp. .. .. .. Wood fragments and rhizomes

LOWER BARTON. ~ ~

M

MIDDLE BARTON.

BCD

R NC NC NCC C C • New to the Bartonian of England.

C

E

NC NC

C

C

F

C

UPP£R BARTON.

G

H

I

J

-

C

K

E. ST. JOHN BURTON, LOWER BARTON. MIDDLE BARTON.

M M M

FORAMINIFERA. ,Ancmalina ammonoides (Reuss) - - grosserugosa (Gumbel) *C",nuspira carinata (da Costa) - - involvens Reuss Cristellaria cultrata Men tlort .. *-- inornata d'Orbigny, - - rtJIulata Lamarck .. Miliolina ferussaci (d'Orbigny) - - seminulum (Linne) *Nebecularia sp. " .. Nodosaria badenensis d'OrbignyNummulites elegans J. de C. Sowerby F • Poiymorphina acumi1'lata

ANTHOZOA. Graphularia. wetherelli MilneEdwards * M adrepora solanderi Defrance Oculina cf. conferta Edwards and Haime ,. Paraoyathus crassus Edwards and Haime Turbinolia affinis Duncan T. bowerbanki Edwards and Haime .. T. firma Edwards and Haime .. T. forbesi Duncan T. fredericiana Edwvards and Haime T. humilis Edwards and Haime- - sp_ nov.?

F

UPPER BARTON.

G H

C NC

C

F

F

NC

F R C NC

C

R R

R F

F

F

F

R

NC

F F

NC F VR

F

F

F VR

R

R

VR VR NC

NC

VR F

H

BRYOZOA (POLYZOA) *? Aimuiosia sp. .. Bieclenaria ofja Gregory Conopewm buski (Gregory) C. crassomurale (Gregory) - - sp. Heterocella: sp. ? Hippoporina sp. Hornera sp. .. .. Lichenopora gregoryi Lanu Luwulites transiens Gregory * M embranipora sp. nov. M icropora crioriformis Gregory

M ucronella angustocecinm Gre-

gory Nellia sp.

Puellina sp. • • Pyripora sp. * New to the Bartonian of England.

R

F C

NC

F

NC

NC

R R FCC

F VC

R

R

F

F C

C

C

F

F

F C

C

C NC

C C NC NC

C

F C R

C

R

I

J

R

R

F

ECHINODERMA. Cidaris wehsteriana Forbes Echinus " dixoni Forbes .. Echinopedina edsoardsi (Forbes) Hemiaster branderi Forbes .. Maretia grignonensis (Desmaret) (=Spatangus omalii Forbes) OPhioglypha sp ...

Onychocella sp. nov. Peristomella SD. nov.

C

C R

..

HYDROZOA. • Axopora michelini Duncan .. Holarea parisiensis (Michelin)

NC F R F NC

F

- - refulgens Montfort

E

NC NC NC F

F

(d'Orbigny) .. Pullenia sphceroidcs d'Orbigny *Ramulina sp. Truncatulina lobatula (Walker

and Jacob) ..

BCD

F

C

R

F

C F C

NC R NC NC NC NC R

NC

C R R

R

R

F F NC

F

NC NC NC

C

C R NC C

C

C

R

F

R

F

F NC NC NC ?

R

R

F

R

F

K

153

FAUNAL HORIZONS OF THE BARTON BEDS. LOWER BARTON.

..Scrupocellaria sp. .. .. Spharopora. [Heteropora] glandiformis (Gregory) - - --.- - - var. .. Teichopora (Bracebridgia) claoata Gregory .. • Trypostega sp. .. .. .. Umbonula bartonensis Gregory ..

Al A2 A3

C

F

MIDDLE BARTON.

UPPER BARTON.

BCD

E R

I'

G

R

VC C

F

VC

NC

F

F

VC

R

F

F

R C

C

VC

BRACHIOPODA.

Terebrazula sp, nov.

ANNELIDA. Ditrupa plana J. Sowerby .. Serpula erassa J. de C. Sowerby - - d. exigua J. de C. Sowerby- - extensa Selander .. - - d.jlagelliformis J. de C. Sowerby .. .. .. - - keptagona J. de C. Sowerby-

H

I

J

K

F

C

VR F NC ? NC

VC VC F

F

F

C

C

NC

F

R

R

F

F

NC

CRUSTACEA. (OSTRACODA.)

Bairdia coniraaa Jones Cythere consobrina Jones - - costellata (Romer) - - pticata Munster ., - - scrobiculoplicata Jones - - striatopunctaJa Jones - - wetherelli Jones ., Cythereis horrescens Jones Cytherella muensteri (Romer) Gytheridea debilis Jones - - muelleri (Munster) - - perforata (Romer) K ritke bartonensis (Jones)

R

?

C

C

C R F R

C

C

C

C

C

R

F R R

C

G F

F

R

C

R

C

R C

NC NC

C

C

R

R

(CIRRIPEDIA.)

Balanus unguiformis J. de C. Sowerby var. erisma Darwin (MALACOSTRACA).

Callapa sp.

NC -

-

R

VRNC-

NC

MOLLUSCA.

(LAMELLIBRANCHIA.)

Amussiumcorneum(J.Sowerby) R Anadara globulosa. (Deshayes) NC Anomia tenuistriata Deshayes. . ? - - sp. .. .. Arca biangula Lamarck Barbatia appendieulata (J. Sowerby) .. .. NC Bieorbula galliea (Lamarck) R R R * -sp. nov... ..., R Gallista aff. lavigata (Lamarck) ? - - suberycinoides (Deshayes) R R - - transversa (J. de C. Sowerby) .. .. .. NC F F F Callocardia aft. nitidula (Lamarck) .. .. F Chama squamosa Solander - - turgidula Lamarck - - sp. .. Gklamys earinata (J. de C. Sowerby) .. .. - - recondita (Selander} F - - tumeseens (Edwards MS.) F GlavagellaeoronataDeshayes •• NC NC R Corbula d. costata (J. de C. Sowerby).. .. F F - - cuspidata J. Sowerby - - ficus (Solander) .. NC - - globosa J. Sowerby F ? - - d. lamarcki Deshayes F NC • New to the Bartonian of England.

NC

F F R

NC NC NC

F

VR VR

F

NC

C

F

F ?

F F

PROC. GEOL. Assoc., VOL. XLIV., PART 2, 1933.

-

VC

-

R

F VC C

F

F F

F

NC

F

F

C

10

154

E. ST. JOHN BURTON, LOWER BARTON. MIDDLE BARTON.

Al A2 AS Sowerby .. VC

Corbula pisum J. - - rugosa Lamarck .. CrassateUites bronni (Merian MS.) - - grignmumsis (Deshayes)

vat. anglica S. V. Wood .. - - pumilia S. V. Wood .. - . - subquadratus (S. V. Wood) - - sulcatus (Solander) - - - - var. ensiformis. (Edwards MSI S. V. Wood - - tenuisulcaius (Edwards MS.) .... Cuttellus affinis (J. de C. Sowerby (S. V. Wood) .. Cyrena gibbosula Morris - - deperdita Deshayes .. Divaricella coluellensis (Edwards MS.) .... - - rigaultiana (Deshayes] Fossularca lissa (Bayan) (= F. lcevigata Caillat non Spengler) Gari compressa (J. de C. Sowerby) .. .. - - rudis (Lamarck) Gastrocluena ampullaria (Lamarck) .. .. .. Glycymeris deleta (Solander) .. - - proxima (S. V. Wood) .. H Leda" minima (J. Sowerby) Lmtidium nitidum (J. Sowerby) Lima d. soror S. V. Wood .. Limopsis scalaris ]. de C. Sowerby .. Lithodomus sp. .. .. .. Loxocardium obliquum (Lamarck)Lucina d. concentrica Lamarck - - (CaviluciJ£a) elegans Defrance - - (Gibbolueiaa) Lamarck - - spinulosa Edwards .. Lutetia parisiensis (Deshayes) Mactra compressa Deshayes .. M artesia sp. .. " Meretrix t. gravida (Edwards MS) - - incurvata (Edwards) - - trigonula (Deshayes] .. Modialac!. dimid,ataS.V.Wood Modiolaria seminuda (Deshayes)M ytilus affinis J. de C. So erby - - strigillatus S. V. Wood Nemocardium parile (Deshayes] Nucula ampla S. V. Wood .. - - bieulcata J. de C. Sowerby - - -pralonga (Edwards 1\IS) (S. V. Wood) .. - - similis j. Sowerby - - tumescens (Edwards MS.) S. V. Wood Ostrea dorsatu Desbayes - - plieata (Solander) - - gigantea J. Sowerby - - d. tenera J. Sowerby .. Panoptza corrugata J. Sowerby Pholadomya margaritacea J. Sowerby '. .. .. Pinna d. margaritacea LamarckPitaria sp. Pteria [Avieula] media J. de C. Sowerby H Solen" ap, Sportella sp. .. Sunetta branderi (Edwards MS.) -

B C

C

C

R C

E

F

F

F

F

F

VC

F

F

NC

VC VC VC

R

NC NC

D

G

UPPER BARTON.

H

I

J

K

F

VC C

R R C

C

F C

F

F

NC

C

C

C C

F VC

C

C

NC C VC

F

C

C

NC VC

F

C

F

VC F F

VC

VR C F

NC

R

NC

F C F

F

NC NC

NC

F

F NC

F

NC NC F

NC F

C

C

F

C

C

F

NC NC

NC

C F

F

F NC NC

F

C F

F

F

C

NC C F

R

NC NC NC

F

F

R VC F VC NC ?

C

C

-

VC

-

NC

F NC

NC R

NC R

NC

R F

F

ISS

FAUNAL HORIZONS OF THE BARTON BEDS. LOWER BARTON. MIDDLE BARTQ:N.

AIA2A3B CD •. Tellina tl ambigua ]. de C. Sowerby ..•. - - filosa: J. de C. Sowerby " - - hantlmiensis Edwards . . R - - (ElliptoteUina) teUinella (Lamarck) R --sp. NC Teredo sp. .. .. F F F Tivelina elegam (Lamarck) F C C - - solandri (J. Sowerby)

Tracbycardiwm. porulosum [Selander) . . .. .. Trinacria deltoidea (Lamarck) " Venericardia corpusculum S. V. Wood - - ct. crebrisulcata (Edwards M.S.) (5. V. Wood) .. - - daoidsoni (Deshayes) - - oblonga J. Sowerby - - simp/ex (S. V. Wood) - - sulcata (Selander) - - trapezoidalis (5. V. Wood) VenieUa pectinifer« (J. de C. Sowerby) .. .. .. Woodia crenulata. Deshayes ..

-

R

1"

G

NC

VC

R

F

H

F

C F

F

R

-

F

F

C VC

VC C

-

-

-

R

C

F

F

F

NC C

C

NC

1<

F

R

F

J

I

F ?

F

NC

NC NC F -

E

UPPER BARTON.

F F

NC F

-

C

F

(SCAPHOPOOA.)

..Dentalium (Lavidentatium) acicuta Deshayes - - (Entaliopsis) striatum. J. Sowerby (GASTROPODA.)

Ac",a striatella (Lamarck) A.ct~on d. gardneri Cossman --sp.

- - sp.

••..

Acteonidea dongata (J. de C. Sowerbyl ., .. Adeorbis politus (Edwards MS) Model - - sp. - - sp. Admete (BoneUitia) ellulsa (Solander) .. - - - - - - vaT. producta (Edwards MS.) - - - - nitens (Beyrich) . . - - (Coptostoma) quadrata (J. Sowerby) .. .' .. Ampullela mutabilis (Selander] - - ct. parisiensis (d'Orbigny) Antilla aueniformis J. Sowerby - - buccinoides Lamarck - - (Tortoliva) canalifera Lamarck .. ., -dubia (Deshayes) - - obesa Edwards MS. '*Aporrhais ct. sowerbyi (Mantell) Asthenotoma biconus (Edwards) - , conoides (Selander) - ' - dissimi/is (Edwards) - ' - tulicoides (Edwards) ._-- microcheila (Edwards) - - pupa (Edwards) ., - - eorudata (Edwards) Bartonia canaliculata (J. de C.

F F NC NC

C

NC

NC

NC C NC

F NC

F

F

C

NC

F

F

NC F

C

F

C

F

NC NC

VR

F

VR NC NC

C

NC

C NC

VR R

NC NC

NC

NC NC NC NC

Sowerby) ., VC Bathytoma aff. granata (J. de C. Sowerby) NC - - hemileia (Edwards) - - turbida (Selander) C F ,. Batillaria: cf. calcitrapoides VR (Lamarck) .. .. - - pleurotomoides (Lamarck) .. New to the Bartonian of England.

R

NC

F

NC

NC

NC NC NC

NC C

R

NC

NC

C

NC NC NC C NC - -

F

C

NC NC C VC NC

F F F

_

-

-

VC

E. ST. JOHN BURTON, LOWER BARTON. MIDDLE BARTON.

Al A2 A3 Bayania hordacea ((Lamarck) Bela juncea (Solander) . Bittium semigranosum (Lamarck)- - terebrale (Lamarck) Borsonia lineata Edwards - - semioostata. Edwards Bullinella acuminata (]. Sowerby) - - angystoma (Deshayes) - - constricta (J de Co Sowerby) .. - - elliptica(J.deC.Sowerby) - - sp, ., Catliostoma nodulosum (Solander) CalyptTllJa aperta (Solander) .• CaPulus pennatus (Lamarck) - - squamaformis (Lamarck) .. Cassidaria " nodosa (Solander) Cerithioderma costulatum (Ed" wards M~o) . Cerithtum sp. .. .. Clavatula desmia (Edwards) Clavilithes cylindricus Wrigley. .elongatus (Edwards MS.) Wrigley.. ' - longavus (Solander) . - - macrospira Cossmann - - scalaris (Lamarck) - - sp. indet. .. Cominella deserta (Selander] 0

0

0

-

.0

00

0

00

0

••

'0

00

••

0

0

0

C

BCD

E

F

F

C

F

F

C

0

-

-

00

- - spo

.... Conomitra paroa (J de C. Sower-

NC

0

NC C F C

F

NC

C

C

F

F F

NC

C

C

Eulima deshayes! (Cossmann)

NC

- - macrostoma (Charlesworth MS.)

F F ?

NC

-

NC

-

-

-

NC

C VC VC F NC NC NC

R

VC

NC R

NC

NC NC NC C C NC

NC

NC VC

R

R

C

-

VR C R

NC R

VC

C

VC

NC

F F

NC NC VC

F F

C

l'C

NC

NC

VC F VC F VC C

•

R

F

NC

NC

C

F F

NC VR

VC

F

K

VR

NC C VR NC C C NC NC NC NC NC

••

- - spo

J

C VC

F

VR

? ?

VC C

00

NC NC

VC F NC

VR

VR

.0

0

F F

F

by).. .. .0 .. - - - - var. Pumila J. de Co Sowerby " - - porrecta (Edwards) Conorbie alatus (Edwards) - - dormitor (Solander) Conus (Hemiconus) lineatus Solander .. .. •. - - - - scabriculus Selander Cornulina minax (Solander) .. Cryptoconus priscus (Solander) Cryptospira Pusilla (Edwards) - - simplex (Edwards) Cypraa (Bernayia) bartonensis Edwards .. o. .• Dientomochilus bartonensis (J . Sowerby) o. Drillia bracheia (Edwards) - - coarctata (Edwards) - - constricta (Edwards) - - gomphoidea (Edwards) - - granulata (Lamarck) - - innexa (Solander) .. - - scabriuscula (Edwards) o. - - verticillum (Edwards) - - sp. indet, .. .. .. Eopleurotoma cedilla (Edwards) - - lima (Edwards) .. o. - - monerma (Edwards) - - puella (Edwards) - - rotella (Edwards) .. Epitonium" acutum (]. Sowerby) - - interruptum (]. de C. Sowerby) - - reticulatum (Solander) .. - - do sculptatum (Deshayes) - - undosum(].deC.Sowerby).0

I

NC

F

C

F C

H

NC

•

.0

UPPER BARTON.

VC NC

R

C F R

C

G

F

F

F

NC

VR VC F

C

NC

R

F C

NC C NC C -

F F

F F

F

R

NC

157

FAUNAL HORIZONS OF THE BARTON BEDS.

NC NC NC

F

VR

F

NC N C

C

R

R NC R

NC NC C

? ? F

VR

VR

C

C

C

NC NC

F

NC

F

NC KC NC NC

-

NC NC VC

C

C F F

F

C C F

C

F

NC

NC NC

-

R

NC

NC NC NC

NC NC NC

R

C NC R

F

N C NC NC NC

F

VR

NC

VR VC NC

VC NC F

R

NC

R

-

NC

R

F

R

R

VR

VR

NC NC

NC R

C NC

C

R F NC

R

VR

C

R

F

R

VC

R R

F

R

R

F C

F

VR

C

F

R

C R

NC F

NC

NC N C

R

I\C VC

NC NC C

NC

C

c NC

F

VC

F

NC

F NC

F

F

E. ST. JOHN BURTON, LOWER BARTON.

Al A2 Odontostomia alligata (Lamarck) - - hordeola ((Lamarck) --sp. Olivella branderi (J. Sowerby) - - salisburiana (J. Sowerby) Orthechetus sp, nov. aff. charlesworthi .. .. Pa1udestrina sp. Pirena vulcanica (Schlotheim) Pollia [Tritonidea] lavata (Solander) . Potamides cf. oariabilis (Deshayes)- - vagus (Selander) Pseudoneptunea sindonata (Edwards MS.) " Ptychatractus interruptus (Pilkington) Pymeus angulatus (Solander) ? Raphitoma acuticosta (Nyst) - - plicata (Lamarck) Rimella rimosa (Solander) Ringicula parua (Charlesworth MS.) R. B. Newton •. Rissoa (Alvania) barionensis (Charlesworth MS.) .. - - - - globulus Edwards MS... .. " - - nana (Lamarck) •. - - sp. .. .. .. Rissoina raincourti Cossmann Rostellaria excelsa Giebel .. Roxania aft. coronate (Lamarck) Sassia arguta (Solander) •• - - jlandrica (de Koninck) .• - - websteri Wrigley Seaphander sp ... Semicassis ambigua (Solander) Seraphs fusiformis (Lamarck).. - - sapitus (Solander) Serpulorbi« cancellatus Deshayes Sinum clathratum (Gmelin) .• Solariaxis canaliculatus (Lamarck) Solarium plicatum Lamarck .. Strebloceras cornuoides Carpenter .. .. Strepsidura turgida (Solander) Stylifer d. incerta Edwards MS. Suessionia [Phos] coarctata (Edwards) Surcuta crassicosta (Edwards) - - exorta (Selander) .. - - aff. inarata (J. de C. Sowerby) - - laavigata (Edwards) - - lanceolata (Edwards) - - macilenta (Solander) - - microdonia (Edwards) - - rostrate (Solander) - - - - var.antiquaEdwardsSurculites errans (Solander) . . Sveltella microstoma (Charlesworth MS.) R. B. Newton .. Sycostoma bulbiforme (Lamarck) - - bulbus (Solander) - - pyrus (Solander) Teinostoma dub/um (Lamarck) Terebra d. plicatula Lamarck .. Theodoxus sp. --sp. --sp.

A3 C C ?

R

F R

R

VR

MIDDLE BARTON.

BCD E F R NC NC C F CFR

G

UPPER BARTON.

R

R

NC NC VC R

C F

C F

C

F F

F

F

F

R

VC

F

F

NC

R

VR NC

F C

-

NC

VR

-

NC

-

NC

R NC

VI{ NC

F

F

C R

NC NC NC

R

C

F

NC NC R F

NC

F

NC

F

C

C VC

R

F R

? NC

C

NC

C NC

VC

F NC NC

F F

NC VC

F VC

R ?

F

NC NC

C

F

VC

C

R

VR VR

-

VC

F

F

C

F

VR VR VR

F F

VR

R

C NC

NC C

R

F

VR

F ? VC

C

NC NC

NC

F

C

F

NC

F F

K

C

VI{

NC NC

NC

C NC

J

? F VC VC

NC

VR

R VC NC

I

VR

R

? F

H

F

F NC

F

159

FAUNAL HORIZONS OF THE BARTON BEDS. LOWER BARTON. I\hDDLE BARTON.

UPPER BARTON.

AIA2A3BCDEF G Tornatellaa simulata (Solander) C Trivia pkuvstoma Edwards .. VR VR R Tuba sulcata (Pilkington) F R Turbonilla costasa (J. Sowerby) NC - - costellata Edwards MS. C F R -.-- pulchro. Deshayes .. R NC ------ ct. scalaroides Deshayes .. R NC Turritella edita (Selander) - - imbricataria Lamarck C C C F VC F ---- sp. VC --- ~ sp. VC --- - sp. .. c F Tvphie parisiensis d'Orbigny (= T. fistulosus J. Sowerby non Brocchi] c F - - p1lngens (Solander) NC NC NC Uxia elongata (Nyst) .. - - nassceformis (S. V. Wood NC MS) Wrigley Volutililh.es pertusus Swainson [ ==Volute tusmerosa Edwards] Volutocorbis scabrioutus (SolanNC der) .. NC F NC Volutospina ambigua (Solander) VC F F VC - - - - var. fiexuocostata (Edwards MS.) .. NC C NC - - alhleta (Solander) F - - --var. brevi-spina [Edwards MS.) .. C c R - - - - - - fortis Edwards - - depa1lperata (J. de C. Sowerby) .. NC NC NC NC F VC F VC F - - lucia rix (Selander] VR VR - - - - - var. bi-spina .. - - nodosa. (J. de C. Sowerhy) C NC NC - - scalaris (J. de C. Sowerhy) NC - - . solandri (Edwards) F NC VR - .-- suspensa (Solander) ? VR - - sp. .. NC Valvaria acutiuscula J. Sowerby Volv1llella lanceouua (J. de C. NC NC NC Sowerby) NC Xenophora agghuinam« (LaVC C NC marck) .. •. F - - discoidea (J. Sowerby) .. -

H C

I

J

VC C C

NC F F NC R C C

VR

NC NC C

VC

NC NC

(CEPHALOPODA.)

Belosepia sepioidea (Blainville) N amit1ls sp. indet.

NC NC -

-

NC -

R

R

-

R

-

-

NC

VERTEBRATA. (PISCES.)

lEtobatis sp. .. .. R • A prionodo« woodwardi Leriche VR Arius egertoni (Dixon; F NC Carcharodo« auriculattls BlainVR ville .... Cybium bartonense A. S. WoodR ward.. .. .... R Cylindracanihus rectue (Egerton) NC Edaphodon ? leptognathus Agassiz R Eugaleus minor (Agassiz) NC ? Galeocerdo sp. R NC NC NC Lamna obliqua (Agassiz) - - vincenti (Winkler) NC R Lepidosteus sp. .. R F M iliobatis dixoni Agassiz F -~ tolicapicu« Agassiz F NC - - sp. indet... *' New to the Bartonian of England.

K

160

E. ST. JOHN BURTON, LOWER BARTON. MIDDLE BARTON.

AIA2A3BCDEF l-lotidanus primigenius Agassiz Odontaspis acutissima (Agassiz) - - cuspidtua. (Agassiz) - - macrota (Agassiz) .. NC - - trigonalis (] aekel] Otolithus (Apogonidarum) bouryi Priem - - - - duplex Shepherd .. - - (Ari"s) crassus Koken .. - - - - sp. B, E. T. Newton - - - - sp. C, E. T. Newton - - - - ct. danicus Koken .. - - - - parvus Schubert .. - - (Berycidarum) bartonensis Schubert - - (Brotulidarum) rzehaki Schubert - - (Cepola) pra"'b~~eens Schubert .. - - (Cl"peidar"m) ct. testis Koken

._-- (Dentex) nobilis Koken

- - - - - aff. subnobilis Schu-

NC

VR

F F

F

F F

C R NC

F F C R

F F C

G

UPPER BA.RTON".

H

I

J

K

NC F

NC

C VC

NC

NC

NC R NC

R NC -

NC

-

NC -

NC

NC -

NC R

KC

-

R

C

F

NC

bert

- - (Elops) sp. " - - (Gad"s)praluscus ShepherdF - - (M aCTums) aff, gracilis F Schubert ., " - - (Merlm,ei"s) shephmii R Schubert - - (Monocentris) lemoinei NC .. " .. Priem --- (Ophidiidar"m) cf. acuiangula Koken .... R --- - - dimidiatus Schubert - - --sp. .... - - - - subregularis SchubertF --- - - waltoni Scbubert F --- [Opkidi"m] pantanelli BasF soli *-- [--] sp. nov. .. .. R - - Percidarum. aff, plebei"s Koken - - (Phycis) barionensis Schubert .... R - - (Platessa) sector Koken .. NC - - (Pkurvnectidarum) acumi-natus Koken NC - - (Psella) pramaximus. Shepherd .. NC - - (Scicenidarum) insignis Koken .. .. - - (Serran"s) bartonensis (Priem) .. .. F - - - - concav"s (Priem) F (Solea) approximatus Koken NC --- (Sparidamm) gregarius Koken NC mutabilis - - (Tracki""s) Koken --- (incerta sedis) umbonaius Koken F Physodon secundus (Winkler) .. NC Pristis bisulcatus Agassiz Scvliorhinus minutissimus (Winkler) F Squatina d. crassa Daimeries .. ~ R R Triodon ct. asuiquus Leriche Tubercles of Ray C Vertebne ; , F C * New to the Bartonian of England.

-

NC F

R

R VC R

R

NC R

NC

NC

NC

R

R R

R

NC

R

C F F NC R

-

-

R

F F

-

NC

NC

R F

F C

KC NC F

NC

C NC

-

R

-

-

KC

-

-

-

KC

-

NC

R

F C

C

F

C C

F ?

F

FAUNAL HORIZONS OF THE BARTON BEDS. LOWER BARTO!'f.MrODLE BARTON.

(REPTILIA.)

? A.gillochelvs sp.

Crocodilus sp

.. Palaophss' sp.

AIA2A3 .. NC .. ? -

-

BCD

E

F

C

F

R

F

G

161

UPPER BARTON.

H

I

J

K

VR

(MAMMALIA.)

Zeuglodon wanklyni Seeley

-?

NOTE.-Foraminifera and Ostracoda not recorded in the above list are as follows :-(Foraminifera) Bigenerina caP.eolus. d'Orbigny, Pulvinulina repanda· (Fichtel and Moll), Rotalia calcar· (d'Orbigny) (Horizon H). (Ostracoda) Bairdia subdeUoidea (Munster) (Hor, H) : Cylher.* .sp. (Hor. E) ; Cythe.eis cornuta" (Romer) (Hor. A3, E, and H) ; eylkereis spiniferrima* Jones and Sherborn (Hor, H).

VIII. NOTES ON THE FAUNA. Foraminifera. Nodosaria badenensis and Poiymorphina acuminata were recorded in 1929 [10] as Lagena and Dentalina, respectively. A former statement [10] concerning Nummulites elegans may be adjusted, the author having ascertained that the range of this species extends upward into the Middle Barton Beds at Horizon C. in which subdivision it has undergone a general deterioration both in development and numbers of individuals. All the specimens collected are much smaller than those from the Lower Barton at Horizon A3, where N. elegans is finely preserved. Samples of material frequently contain abundant examples in €very stage of growth. Nebecularia sp. The author is indebted to Messrs. F. B. Tombleson and A. G. Davis, for the record of this species at Barton. Hydrozoa. These are of some interest in the Barton Beds, being very rare. Axopora michelini, although known from the Lower Oligocene, is a new record for the English Upper Eocene. The one example (B.M., H. 2981) available, was found by Mr. W. Lennie Aim, who has by assiduous collecting been enabled to add to our knowledge of the fauna of the Barton Beds, and especially to that of the mammalian fauna of the Oligocene Beds in Hampshire. Holarcea. parisiensis has been recorded [11J from the' London Clay' at Barton. A definite horizon is given for it by Gardner, Keeping, and Monckton [1J. The author has never yet been fortunate enough to find this hydrozoan in any of the samples examined, nor is it recorded [2J from the Isle of Wight. Anthozoa. Turbinolia firma is recorded [2, 1925] " close to the top of the Lower Barton, Alum Bay." One specimen was found. This horizon doubtless corresponds. with the upper part of A3, or B. Gardner, Keeping, and Monckton appear to have followed Edwards and Haime's record [11] of a single specimen from Barton, the exact horizon unknown. Bryozoa. Membranipora sp. nov., is a quadrate form. ? Hip poborina sp., is recorded from Barton Beds in the Isle • New to the Bartonian of England.

162

E. ST. JOHN BURTON,

of Wight; it is new to Barton. ? Caipensia sp., also recorded from the Isle of Wight, has not been found on the mainland. Brachiopoda Terebratula sp. nov. Previous lists record this as T. bisinuata Lamarck. Davidson [13J originally expressed a a doubt as to the identity of the Barton form with T. bisinuata from the Paris Basin, and Miss Muir-Wood kindly informs the author that it differs in several specific characters. Crustacea (Ostracoda). Six rare species: Bairdia contracia, Cythere costellata, C. consobrina, C. wetherelli, Cytheridea debilis and Krithe bartonensis, are segregate, and with the exception of the last-named, are found at few horizons. Pseudocythere attenuata has not been found in any samples from the lowest fossiliferous beds. The record of its occurrence in deposits of Barton age, was originally founded on one specimen said to have been obtained' from the Clay with green sand [Nummulites elegans Zone?J (No. 29 of Mr. Prestwich's section) at Alum Bay, Isle of Wight [14]. Bairdia contracia was recorded by Rupert Jones [14J as being rare in the Barton Clay. Gardner, Keeping, and Monckton [1J record it from the Middle Barton only. (Cirripedia) Cirripedes are very rare in the Barton Beds. Balanus unguiformis var. erisma Darwin, occurs at Horizons E, and G. (Darwin [15J quotes a definite horizon, i.e., Chama-Bed.) B. unguiformis is recorded [1J from Middle and Upper Barton Beds. The specimens are usually found adhering to fragments of driftwood. The only other example of a cirripede is that obtained by the late Eliot Walton, exact horizon unknown. Two upper latera were collected. and have been provisionally referred by Mr. T. H. Withers to Scaipelium d. recuruaium Bertrand, a form occurring in the Calcaire Grossier of the Paris district. (Malacostraca) Chela: of Callapa sp. are not commonly found at Horizon A3. Chela: collected seldom exceed 7 mm. in length, and 3 mm. in breadth at the widest portion. Larger specimens, I-inch in length, of a Xanthid crab, are by comparison rare in all beds. The fine series of Barton fossils collected by Mr. R. Egerton Godwin, of Barton-on-Sea, contains a good example of a carapace. Mollusca (Lamellibranchia). Morris's Catalogue of British Fossils, 1843, p. 103, quotes Venericardia deltoidea J. Sowerby from the Barton .Beds. Prestwich's list [7J contains a similar entry. The record must be due to a mistake. V. deltoidea is one of the distinctive fossils of the Brockenhurst Bed at the base of the Middle Headon Beds of the Oligocene, and is very unlikely for Barton. (Gastropoda.) Gardner, Keeping, and Monckton [1J, speaking of the Middle Barton Beds as a whole, mention that" very 1

FAUNAL HORIZONS OF THE BARTON BEDS.

163

few of those species peculiar to this stage are . . . either common or conspicuous, and perhaps the only one. worth citing is Fusus lima." This species, Fusus (EuthriofuS1tS) lima has since been recorded [25J from the Chama-Bed, and thus its value as a zonal fossil is impaired. Fusinus acuminatus has a comparatively restricted range, The author has not collected it below Horizon E, and it is never common like its congener F. porrecua. (See, however, the reference [25J given above.) Hippochrenes amplu«. It is noteworthy that juveniles are very common, but few individuals of mid-growth have ever been found in the Barton Clay. Although the numerous progeny of H. amplus seems to have been especially liable to early death, the survivors passing the nepionic stage were enabled to reach full maturity. Cephalopoda. Nautilus sp., which is not rare, invariably occurs in a mature state. The non-occurrence of young shells suggests a very low degree of mortality during the neanic and later stages of growth preceding the adult form. Prestwich [7, p. II5J, writing in 1857, states that" not a single Nautilus has been quoted from either country" [i.e., from the Sables Moyens or from the Barton Clay]. Belosepia blainvilli Deshayes is recorded [2J from the Lower Barton Beds in the Isle of Wight. B. sepioidea is very rare at Barton, but Edwards [17J mentions its frequency in Middle Eocene Beds (Bracklesham Beds) at Bracklesham, Sussex. Mr. L. R. Cox kindly informs the author that one example is contained in the Walton Collection from Barton. A Highcliff specimen is recorded in R. B. Newton's' List of the Oligocene and Eocene Mollusca in the F. E. Edwards Collection in the British Museum' (1891). Vertebrata (Pisces). The British Museum Collection contains specimens referred to several genera in addition to those recorded by the author, but the exact horizons have not yet been fully determined. The excellently-preserved teeth of Carcharodon auriculaius var, toliapica Agassiz [19J are very rare indeed in the Upper Eocene of England. Next in order of rarity is perhaps A prionodon uoodtoardi and N otidanus primigenius. A. woodwardi has not been previously recorded from England. A specimen found by the author, has been deposited in the British Museum; the register number is (B.M., P. 15728). Except for fragments, dentitions of Miliobatis are rare. Common species of fish teeth such as Odontaspis cuepidata and O. macrota, become less frequent and finally rare in the Upper Barton Beds. The importance of fish otoliths is slight as a means of determining stratigraphical horizons in the Eocene; species belong-

E. ST. JOHN BURTON,

ing to the Berycidce, Brotulidai, Cepolidce, Clupeid«, Congridce, Macrurida ; Ophidiidce, Pleuronectidce, Sciaenidai, Scopelidee, Serranidce, Siluridce, Soleidce, Sparidce, and Trachinidee, occur in the Barton Beds, and some of them are also found in foreign deposits of Oligocene, Miocene, and even of Pliocene age. Describing the fish otoliths from the Tertiary formations of Atcheen, Northern Sumatra, Frost [20J states that" the presence of lower tertiary forms with those of a later date, can be explained by the known persistence of certain types, extending in some instances to recent species. Five of the otoliths figured are also found in the upper tertiaries of New Zealand." Priem [21J figures three and describes two species collected at Barton by de Boury. From the same locality, Schubert [22J figures and describes 19, and Shepherd [23J figures about 20 species. The identification of 37 species, the horizons of which are indicated in the present paper, is based on a large series of specimens collected and identified by the late Rev. W. H. Webster, B.A., of Barton-onSea, who had given the subject much study. A comparison has also been made with the illustrations of otoliths figured by Koken [24J, Priem [21], Schubert [22J, and Frost [20]. IX. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION. The precise horizons of the Upper Eocene species are described. A non-statistical analysis of the faunal distribution is made throughout the Barton Beds in Hampshire, and the comparative frequency or rarity of individual specific forms in each subdivision is indicated. Palseontological changes are noted at various stages of the succession, a markedly different facies being shown at the horizon of the transitional beds preceding the Oligocene, but the changed facies is more especially due to the incoming of brackish-water conditions than to evolutionary mutations in the fauna. The broad lithological characters of the 14 subdivisions composing the Barton Clay and Barton Sand, are reviewed for purposes of ready correlation. The cumulative evidence afforded by a detailed examination of the Barton Beds, demonstrates that some species in addition to those of mollusca have a restricted range, and it further emphasizes the variable and occasionally sporadic distribution of a certain number of others. In conclusion, the author offers his very grateful thanks to those whose kind help has so greatly facilitated the completion of this paper. Mrs. E. M. Reid, B.Sc., F.L.S., F.G.S., examined and reported on the plant remains. A special debt of gratitude is due to Mr. A. G. Davis, for valuable advice, and for identifying the foraminifera, echinoderma, polyzoa, and crustacea, and to Mr. Arthur Wrigley, who identified a number of the mollusca. Dr. H. Dighton Thomas, M.A., F.G.S., determined the hydrozoa

FAUNAL HORIZONS OF THE BARTON BEDS.

I6S

and anthozoa, and Dr. E. I. White, M.A., F.G.S., F.Z.S., the majority of the fish teeth. Miss H. Muir-Wood, M.Sc., F.G.S., and Messrs. L. R. Cox, M.A., F.G.S., W. N. Edwards, B.A., F.G.S., W. E. Swinton, B.Sc., F.G.S., and T. W. Withers, F.G.S., F.Z.S., also gave their expert advice and determinations of the fossils submitted to them. Messrs. W. Lennie Aim and R. Egerton Godwin, of Barton-on-Sea, very kindly assisted with the gift of certain specimens, including some polyzoa collected at Barton.

x.

REFERENCES.

Maps :-Geological Survey I-inch Map, Ringwood, Sheet 314; Southampton, 315; Bournemouth, 329; Lymington, 330; Isle of Wight, New Series Sheets 330, 331, 344, 345. I. GARDNER, J. S., KEEPING, H., and MONCKTON, H. W. The Upper Eocene. comprising the Barton and Upper Bagshot Formations. Quart. Journ. Geol, Soc., vol. xliv., 1888, pp. 580, 583-4, 587-91, 594, 601, 620-33· 2. JACKSON, J. F. A Catalogue of Eocene and Oligocene Fossils in the Museum of Isle of \Vight Geology, Sandown. Proc, I. oj W. Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. i., pt. vi., 1925. pp. 340-73. - - --A Supplementary Catalogue, &c., Proc. I. of W. Nat. Hist. and Arch. Soc., vol. i., pt. ix., 1928. pp. 571-9. 3. BRISTOW, H. W. The Geology of the Isle of Wight. znd Edition by C. Reid and A. Strahan. Mem, Geol, Suru, 1889. 4. FORBES, E. Echinodermata of the British Tertiaries. Mon. Pal. Soc. 1852. p. 27. On the Tertiary Fluvio-Marine Formation of the Isle of Wight. Mem. Geol. Surv. 1856. p. 95. 5. SHORE, T. W. Ancient Hampshire Forests, etc. Proc. Hants. Field Club, vol. i., 1888. p. 57. 6. REID, C. The Geology of the Country around Southampton. Mem. Geol. Suru., 1902. pp. 27-35-8. - - - - . The Geology of the Country around Ringwood. Mem, Geol. Suru. 1902. pp. 27-8. 7. PRESTWICH, J. On the Correlation of the Eocene Tertiaries of England, France and Belgium. Quart. Journ. Geol, Soc., vol. xiii., 1857. pp. 105, II5, II8-26, 131. 8. FISHER, O. On the Bracklesham Beds of the Isle of Wight Basin. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xviii., pt. 2. 1862. pp. 66, 79-80, 88. 9. WHITE, H. J. O. The Geology of the Country near Lymington and Portsmouth. Mem. Geol, Suru., 1915. pp. 30, 33, 36. The Geology of the Country around Bournemouth. znd Edition. Mem. Geol. Surv. 1917. pp. 38, 44. 10. BURTON, E. ST. J. The Horizons of Bryozoa (Polyzoa) in the Upper Eocene Beds of Hampshire. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. lxxxv., pt. 3. 1929. pp. 223-39. II. EDWARDS-MILNE and HAIME. British Fossil Corals. Mon. Pal. Soc. 1850. pp. 20, 40. A Revision of the British Fossil Cainozoic 12. GREGORY, J. W. Echinoidea. Proc, Geol, Assoc., vol. xii., pt. 1, 1891. pp. 16-48. 13. DAVIDSON, T. British Tertiary Brachiopoda. Mon. Pal. Soc. 18 5 2 . p. 19· 14. JONES, T. RUPERT. The Tertiary Entomostraca of England. Mon. Pal. Soc. 1856. pp. 28, 53.

I66 15· 16. 17 · 18. 19· 20 .

21. 22.

26.

E . ST . JOHN BURTON.

DARWIN, C. Fossil Balan idai a nd Verruci dai of Great Brita in . MOil . Pal. So c. 185 5. p . 30. 'vVOODWARD, H. O n a Ne w Ge n us o f S hore -Crab , Goniocypoda Eduiardsi H. Woodward. Geol, Mag. , vol. i v. 186 7. pp. 52931. EDWARDS, F . E . E ocen e Ce phalopoda a nd Univalves of England. M on . Pal. S oc. 1849. p . 31. NE WTOl<, E . T . Eoce ne Siluro id F ishes . P roc. Zool, Soc . 1889. pp. 20 1-7· 'WOODWARD, A . SMITH. No tes o n the Teeth of Sharks a nd Skates fro m Engli sh Eocene For mations . P roc. Geol , A ssoc. 1899. v ol, xvi., pt. I , p p . I -I.! . FROST, G . ALLAl'I. O tolit hs of Fi shes from the T ertiary Format ion s o f New Zeal and . T ran s. N.Z . I n st., vo l. Iv . 19 24. pp. 6°5- 1 4. Description s of F ish Otol iths from the T ertiary For mati on s of At cheen, Nor thern Sumatra. W etenschappetij ke Medeelingen , NO. 2. 19 25 . pp. 1- 28. Eocene Fish O toliths from the London Distric t a nd t he Isle of W ight. Ann. and Mag. Nat . H ist., vo l. xvi ., 1925. p p . 160-4 · PRIEM, F. Otolithes E ocenes d e France et d' Angleterre. Bull. Soc. Geol, de Fran ce . Tome xii. 1912. pp. 246-g. SCHUBERT, R. Obereoca en e Otolit h en vorn Barton Cliff b ei Christch ur ch (Hampshire) . Jah rbu che del" K. K . Reichsan stalt , Wien. bd. lxv. 1915 . pp . 277 -88 . SHEPHERD, C. E . F ossil Otolit hs . Kn owledge, v ol. xxxix ., pt. 9 . (Sep t em b er) 191 6. pp. 177-84 . Fossil Otoliths . I bid . pt. x . (Octob er) 19 16 . pp . 20 3-5 . K OKEN, E . Neue Unt e rsu chungen an t ertiaren F isch-Otol ithen . Zeit schrift del" D eutsch , geolog . Geseltscbaft, J ah rg . Berlin . 1888. pp. 274- 3°5 · Ib id . 189 1. p p. 77-170 . \ VRIGLEY. A. Notes on E nglish Eocene Mollusca wi t h d escr iption s of Ne w Species . P roc, Mal. Soc., v ol. x vii. , pts, v . a nd v i. 1927. pp. 2 16-49· T AWNEY, E. B . O n the Upper B a gshot Sands of Hordwell Cliff, H ampshire . Proc. Camb . P hil. So c., vol. iv., 1882. pp. 14055 ·

DISCUSSION.

Mr. L . R . Cox co n grat ulat ed t h e a uth or on his valuab le paper, a nd re mar ked that it wa s a m atte r for regr et t hat n o co mple ted m onograph of -our Lower T ertia ry mollusc a was in existence . A number of quite com m on species found at B arton h ad no v a lid n ames, and co uld o nly be ref erred t o by nomina nuda u nder which the y were listed in R. B . Newton 's " System atic L ist of the F . E. Edwa r d s Coll ection in the British Museum (Natural H istory) " (189 1). H e asked if the au t ho r had as certained that n one of the records regarded b y him as n ew refer red to undesc rib ed molluscan species included, under n om ina nttda , in that catalogue. Mr. A . G . DAVIS congr atula t ed the a u t h or on his progress in add ing t o o ur knowledge of the occurren ce and di stribution of Bryozoa in the B artonian ex p osed at Barton. In 1926 the speaker asked the author t o d etermine the horizons of ten species described by J. W. Gregory in 1893 . With a sin gle exception the author was suc cessfu l and in addition brou ght t o light a number of species p revious ly unknown from Barton . D r. H . DI GHTON TH OMAS expressed h is pleasure at the fu rther resu lts o f the a u t h or ' s work a t B a r t on. H e asked whether h e wa s r igh t in b eli ev in g that the species of T 'urbinolia were not confined to a ny part icular

FAUNAL HORIZONS OF THE BARTON BEDS.

levels, but were found at several horizons at Barton. He commented on the discovery by the author of a large number of specimens of one species which appeared to be new and was being described. Mr. A. WRIGLEY noted a current misuse by French geologists of the term Bartonian to denote their" sables moyens " with Nummulites uariolarius which are coreval with our Upper Bracklesham Beds. He doubted if it was possible to use, in universal stratigraphy, a term Bartonian based on the typical section at Barton. It is possible to find age-equivalents of our Barton Beds in the Franco-Belgian area, but which of the Eocene deposits of N. Italy was contemporaneous with our Bartons is exceedingly doubtful. There is a complete marine Eocene succession in the U.S.A. and some part of it must be Bartonian, but we had no means to determine exactly which part. We had reached a point where refinement of nomenclature had outrun our grasp of facts. THE AUTHOR said, in reply to Mr. Cox, that he thought those species recorded as new to the Barton Beds, had not already been included under nomina nuda in R. B. Newton's catalogue (1891), and he hoped that the present list was not overburdened. He was glad to have found the opportunity to assist Mr. Davis with regard to the records of Barton Bryozoa, and to make some additions to the fauna. Dr. Thomas raised an interesting question concerning the distribution of Turbinolia in the Upper Eocene; the common species were not restricted to special horizons, but further records of the rarer forms were needed in order to determine the exact limits of their distribution. The author fully endorsed Mr. Wrigley's remarks.