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Feasibility tests of observing weld pools using real-time radiography
NDE applications. Discrete detector imaging offers advantages over film and fluoroscopic screen techniques - wide dynamic range, high signal-to-noise ratio, excellent spatial resolution, and digital data collection. 37900
Rogerson, D.J.
Dynamic real-time radiography of solid-propellant rocket motors during static firing M a t e r i a l s E v a l u a t i o n , Vol. 45, No. 11, pp. 1330-1333 (Nov. 1987) A piece of radiographic testing equipment that allows better understanding of internal-component behavior of solid-propellant rocket motors during static firing has been developed by the Naval Weapons Center (NWC), China Lake, CA. The radiographic systems used are rugged and capable of withstanding rocket motor malfunctions, usually with little or no damage. The testing methods, used for both high-energy and low-energy systems, offers several benefits: reasonable cost, portability, protection of equipment, and valuable data. This paper discusses the radiographic systems in use at NWC by describing their capabilities and the functions of their various components and outlines the safety considerations in using each system. High-energy as well as low-energy systems and applications are discussed. 37898
Brown, B.W.; Mikesell, C.R.
Real time X-radiography for examination of remotely handled radioactive objects E G and G I d a h o , Inc., I d a h o Falls, I d a h o ( U n i t e d States), DE88-001578, 44 pp. (Sep. 1986) This study examines the effectiveness of a 420 KeV X-ray machine, electron hnear accelerators and isotopes as radiation sources utilizing various imaging systems for the examination of intermediate- level radioactive waste products. Although an existing 420 KeV radiographic equipment is used for examination of certain low level waste, it lacks the penetrating power for examination of lead lined drums or drums containing intermediate-level radioactive sludge. The waste products present a broad range of radiographic problems, including extremes in radiographic contrast, varied material densities, scatter and object-emitted radiation and numerous factors that contribute to geometric unsharpness. 37737
Sheppard, L.M.
Detecting material defects in real time A d v a n c e d M a t e r i a l s a n d Processes, Vol. 132, No. 5, pp. 53-60 (Nov. 1987) Non destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques are being developed for on line process control. A variety of techniques are discussed together with suitable applications. Future NDE systems might incorporate artificial intelligence with neural network architecture for the signal processing module. 37609
McBride, D.
Real-time versus film radiography: Shall we look before we leap? M a t e r i a l s E v a l u a t i o n , Vol. 45, No. 9, pp. 1001-1002 (Sep. 1987) The relative values of real time radiographic testing (RT) and traditional film based x ray radiography are assessed. Real time RT proves best suited to obtaining images where motion is important. 37606
Brooker, D.J.
Real time radiography on pipelines NDT-86. P r o c e e d i n g s of the 21st A n n u a l British C o n f e r e n c e on N o n d e s t r u c t i v e Testing, N e w c a s t l e - u p o n - T y n e ( U n i t e d K i n g d o m ) , 16-18 Sep. 1986. pp. 627-636. E d i t e d by J.M. F a r l e y and P . D . H a n s t e a d . E n g i n e e r i n g M a t e r i a l s A d v i s o r y Services Ltd. (1987) The technique of fluoroscopic imaging, or Real Time Radiography as it is widely known, replaces the use of conventional radiographic film by displaying the X-ray image on a TV screen. This paper describes the research and development of a system which has recently been successfully used on an oil transmission pipeline and with the X-ray images stored on a digital laser disc.
37117
M a t e r i a l s E v a l u a t i o n , Vol. 45, No. 3, pp. 283-287 (Mar. 1987) Image intensifiers, television monitors, video recorders, and computer processors can no longer be considered expensive luxuries in the modern NDT department. This article is designed to give the reader a basic understanding of the principles of fluoroscopic systems and the modern electronic and optical devices that are used to enhance the real-time radiographic image. 37100
Jehenson, P.S.
European developments in radiological methods I n t e r n a t i o n a l J o u r n a l of Pressure Vessels a n d Piping, Vol. 28, No. 1-5, pp. 123-138 (1987) This paper gives an overview of the important current developments in Europe concerning radiological methods for Non-destructive Evaluation (NDE) of materials, including improvements in commercial X- or gamma- ray techniques (e.g. film radiography), and current advanced X-ray instrumentation (e.g. television fluoroscopy, image processing) as well as new instrumentation (computed tomography, real-time radiography).
128
Rivera, O.
Real-time radiography inspection of Aramid (Kevlar) composite PASGT helmets feasibility study A u t o m a t i o n / S p e r r y , C h a t s w o r t h , C a l i f o r n i a ( U n i t e d States), A D A174-017, 24 pp. (Sep. 1986) A study conducted to determine the feasibility of using real-time radiography for the nondestructive testing of compression molded aramid (Kevlar) composite helmets. The results indicated a practical capability to inspect for defects and the number of layers of aramid in the helmet. 36858
Anon.
X-ray real time imaging for weld inspection: 2nd progress r e p o r t W e l d i n g in the W o r l d , Vol.25, No. 1/2, pp. 10-14 (1987) The first progress report, published in March 1986, formed an introduction to the subject of X-ray real-time imaging, which is a technique to produce a radiographic-type image on a television monitor, as an alternative to taking a radiograph on film. By digitizing the image into pixels, so that a computer can be used to process the image and to enhance its quality, large improvements in image quality are possible, which has led to claims that the XRTI image can be as good as that obtained on a conventional film radiograph. The potential advantages of XRTI in speed of inspection, reduction in operating costs, etc., are self-evident. This second progress report details further aspects of the method and the equipment required. 36598
Anon
X-ray real-time imaging for weld inspection: IIW 2nd progress r e p o r t British J o u r n a l of N o n d e s t r u c t i v e Testing, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 22-24 (Jan. 1987) The first progress report, published in March 1986, formed an introduction to the subject of X-ray real-time imaging, which is a technique to produce a radiographic-type image on a television monitor, as an alternative to taking a radiograph on film. By digitising the image into pixels, so that a computer can be used to "process" the image and to enhance its quality, large improvements in image quality are possible, which has led to claims that the XRTI image can be as good as that obtained on a conventional film radiograph. The potential advantages of XRT1 in speed of inspection, reduction in operating costs, etc are self-evident. This second progress report details further aspects of the method and the equipment required. 36588
Johnson, J.A.; Carlson, N.M.; Kunerth, D.C.
Feasibility tests of observing weld pools using real-time radiography E G and G I d a h o , Inc., I d a h o Falls ( U n i t e d States), E G G - S D - 7 3 3 8 , D E 8 7 - 0 0 0 4 6 1 , 19pp. (Jul. 1986) This report describes the preliminary analytic and experimental work conducted at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) to determine the feasibility of using real-time radiography to observe the formation and properties of molten weld pools. The calculations show that the expected density changes in steel due to the weld pool could be observable in ideal circumstances. Subsequent experiments, using available equipment without any special adaptations, confirmed the analytic results. The following',s~ctions give a short summary of the important factors in standard radiogral~hY,, the preliminary analysis for weld pool imaging, a discussion of the experimenta| , .technique and . , , ,, results, and a summary and recommendations. 36451
37603
Chiotakis, M.T.
Concepts of real-time radiography
Burch, S.F.
Digital enhancement of video images for NDT N D T I n t e r n a t i o n a l , Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 51-56 ( F e b 1987) Due to recent advances in micro-electronics, many digital image enhancement techniques can now be readily applied at standard video- rates using commercially available hardware. These techniques are being increasingly applied in the field of nondestructive testing, in particular to methods that generate TV-type video images, such as real- time radiography and pulse-video thermography. The latest techniques used by the National NDT Centre at Harwell are described and are illustrated by examples from three application areas.
NDT International April 1989
Rogerson, D.J.
Dynamic real-time radiography of solid-propellant rocket motors during static firing M a t e r i a l s E v a l u a t i o n , Vol. 45, No. 11, pp. 1330-1333 (Nov. 1987) A piece of radiographic testing equipment that allows better understanding of internal-component behavior of solid-propellant rocket motors during static firing has been developed by the Naval Weapons Center (NWC), China Lake, CA. The radiographic systems used are rugged and capable of withstanding rocket motor malfunctions, usually with little or no damage. The testing methods, used for both high-energy and low-energy systems, offers several benefits: reasonable cost, portability, protection of equipment, and valuable data. This paper discusses the radiographic systems in use at NWC by describing their capabilities and the functions of their various components and outlines the safety considerations in using each system. High-energy as well as low-energy systems and applications are discussed. 37898
Brown, B.W.; Mikesell, C.R.
Real time X-radiography for examination of remotely handled radioactive objects E G and G I d a h o , Inc., I d a h o Falls, I d a h o ( U n i t e d States), DE88-001578, 44 pp. (Sep. 1986) This study examines the effectiveness of a 420 KeV X-ray machine, electron hnear accelerators and isotopes as radiation sources utilizing various imaging systems for the examination of intermediate- level radioactive waste products. Although an existing 420 KeV radiographic equipment is used for examination of certain low level waste, it lacks the penetrating power for examination of lead lined drums or drums containing intermediate-level radioactive sludge. The waste products present a broad range of radiographic problems, including extremes in radiographic contrast, varied material densities, scatter and object-emitted radiation and numerous factors that contribute to geometric unsharpness. 37737
Sheppard, L.M.
Detecting material defects in real time A d v a n c e d M a t e r i a l s a n d Processes, Vol. 132, No. 5, pp. 53-60 (Nov. 1987) Non destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques are being developed for on line process control. A variety of techniques are discussed together with suitable applications. Future NDE systems might incorporate artificial intelligence with neural network architecture for the signal processing module. 37609
McBride, D.
Real-time versus film radiography: Shall we look before we leap? M a t e r i a l s E v a l u a t i o n , Vol. 45, No. 9, pp. 1001-1002 (Sep. 1987) The relative values of real time radiographic testing (RT) and traditional film based x ray radiography are assessed. Real time RT proves best suited to obtaining images where motion is important. 37606
Brooker, D.J.
Real time radiography on pipelines NDT-86. P r o c e e d i n g s of the 21st A n n u a l British C o n f e r e n c e on N o n d e s t r u c t i v e Testing, N e w c a s t l e - u p o n - T y n e ( U n i t e d K i n g d o m ) , 16-18 Sep. 1986. pp. 627-636. E d i t e d by J.M. F a r l e y and P . D . H a n s t e a d . E n g i n e e r i n g M a t e r i a l s A d v i s o r y Services Ltd. (1987) The technique of fluoroscopic imaging, or Real Time Radiography as it is widely known, replaces the use of conventional radiographic film by displaying the X-ray image on a TV screen. This paper describes the research and development of a system which has recently been successfully used on an oil transmission pipeline and with the X-ray images stored on a digital laser disc.
37117
M a t e r i a l s E v a l u a t i o n , Vol. 45, No. 3, pp. 283-287 (Mar. 1987) Image intensifiers, television monitors, video recorders, and computer processors can no longer be considered expensive luxuries in the modern NDT department. This article is designed to give the reader a basic understanding of the principles of fluoroscopic systems and the modern electronic and optical devices that are used to enhance the real-time radiographic image. 37100
Jehenson, P.S.
European developments in radiological methods I n t e r n a t i o n a l J o u r n a l of Pressure Vessels a n d Piping, Vol. 28, No. 1-5, pp. 123-138 (1987) This paper gives an overview of the important current developments in Europe concerning radiological methods for Non-destructive Evaluation (NDE) of materials, including improvements in commercial X- or gamma- ray techniques (e.g. film radiography), and current advanced X-ray instrumentation (e.g. television fluoroscopy, image processing) as well as new instrumentation (computed tomography, real-time radiography).
128
Rivera, O.
Real-time radiography inspection of Aramid (Kevlar) composite PASGT helmets feasibility study A u t o m a t i o n / S p e r r y , C h a t s w o r t h , C a l i f o r n i a ( U n i t e d States), A D A174-017, 24 pp. (Sep. 1986) A study conducted to determine the feasibility of using real-time radiography for the nondestructive testing of compression molded aramid (Kevlar) composite helmets. The results indicated a practical capability to inspect for defects and the number of layers of aramid in the helmet. 36858
Anon.
X-ray real time imaging for weld inspection: 2nd progress r e p o r t W e l d i n g in the W o r l d , Vol.25, No. 1/2, pp. 10-14 (1987) The first progress report, published in March 1986, formed an introduction to the subject of X-ray real-time imaging, which is a technique to produce a radiographic-type image on a television monitor, as an alternative to taking a radiograph on film. By digitizing the image into pixels, so that a computer can be used to process the image and to enhance its quality, large improvements in image quality are possible, which has led to claims that the XRTI image can be as good as that obtained on a conventional film radiograph. The potential advantages of XRTI in speed of inspection, reduction in operating costs, etc., are self-evident. This second progress report details further aspects of the method and the equipment required. 36598
Anon
X-ray real-time imaging for weld inspection: IIW 2nd progress r e p o r t British J o u r n a l of N o n d e s t r u c t i v e Testing, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 22-24 (Jan. 1987) The first progress report, published in March 1986, formed an introduction to the subject of X-ray real-time imaging, which is a technique to produce a radiographic-type image on a television monitor, as an alternative to taking a radiograph on film. By digitising the image into pixels, so that a computer can be used to "process" the image and to enhance its quality, large improvements in image quality are possible, which has led to claims that the XRTI image can be as good as that obtained on a conventional film radiograph. The potential advantages of XRT1 in speed of inspection, reduction in operating costs, etc are self-evident. This second progress report details further aspects of the method and the equipment required. 36588
Johnson, J.A.; Carlson, N.M.; Kunerth, D.C.
Feasibility tests of observing weld pools using real-time radiography E G and G I d a h o , Inc., I d a h o Falls ( U n i t e d States), E G G - S D - 7 3 3 8 , D E 8 7 - 0 0 0 4 6 1 , 19pp. (Jul. 1986) This report describes the preliminary analytic and experimental work conducted at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) to determine the feasibility of using real-time radiography to observe the formation and properties of molten weld pools. The calculations show that the expected density changes in steel due to the weld pool could be observable in ideal circumstances. Subsequent experiments, using available equipment without any special adaptations, confirmed the analytic results. The following',s~ctions give a short summary of the important factors in standard radiogral~hY,, the preliminary analysis for weld pool imaging, a discussion of the experimenta| , .technique and . , , ,, results, and a summary and recommendations. 36451
37603
Chiotakis, M.T.
Concepts of real-time radiography
Burch, S.F.
Digital enhancement of video images for NDT N D T I n t e r n a t i o n a l , Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 51-56 ( F e b 1987) Due to recent advances in micro-electronics, many digital image enhancement techniques can now be readily applied at standard video- rates using commercially available hardware. These techniques are being increasingly applied in the field of nondestructive testing, in particular to methods that generate TV-type video images, such as real- time radiography and pulse-video thermography. The latest techniques used by the National NDT Centre at Harwell are described and are illustrated by examples from three application areas.
NDT International April 1989