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Fenugreek seeds decrease oxidative stress and blood lipids and increase nitric oxide in patients with hyperlipidemia
Abstracts / Atherosclerosis 235 (2014) e84–e191
contrast to WT, deficit in ApoE increased SMA stiffness, decreased distensibility and impaired myogenic response. These structural and myogenic properties were significantly modified by VOO and OT diets, showing similar behavior than ApoE fed a SD. Endothelial dysfunction induced by HFD in both strains, was restored by VOO and OT diets only in ApoE, especially by OT. O-2 generation increased in HFD arteries was attenuated with olive oils-enriched diets. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate the beneficial effect of virgin olive oil-enriched diets on structural, myogenic and functional properties of microvasculature from ApoE mice compared to HFD. 10 - Nutrition and nutraceuticals EAS-0455. FENUGREEK SEEDS DECREASE OXIDATIVE STRESS AND BLOOD LIPIDS AND INCREASE NITRIC OXIDE IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERLIPIDEMIA M. Sajtya, L. Jackovaa, L. Merkovskaa, L. Jedlickovaa, J. Fedackoa, M. Janickoa, M. Vachalcovab, R.B. Singhc a
1st Dept of Internal Mecicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Dept of Cardiology, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; c Halberg Hospital and Research Institute, Halberg Hospital and Research Institute, Moradabad, India
b
Objectives: In the present trial, we examine the effects of fenugreek seeds on biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk. Methods: Randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial in a hospital. All subjects (n¼61) with mild to moderate hyperlipidemia were assigned to American Heart Association step 1 diet for a period of 12 week and then randomized to two different test agents in identical sachets for another 12 weeks. The test agents were fenugreek seeds powder (60.0g/day) and cellulose placebo (3.g/day). Results: Of 61 subjects with serum cholesterol between 5.17 and 7.76nmol/ 1, 59 successfully completed 12 weeks of AHA step I diet and then augmented the diet with one of the fibre or fenugreek supplement for additional 12 weeks. Incremental differences from placebo for low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were: -15.1% for fenugreek; for total cholesterol the differences were -13.4% for fenugreek. The incremental differences in triglycerides (significant) for fenugreek were -9.5% with a 4.4% increase in HDL cholesterol. LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio showed significant decline from the baseline levels in the fenugreek group without such changes in the control group. Fasting and postprandial blood glucose as well as lipid peroxides and diene conjugates (indicators of oxidative stress) and TNF-alpha showed significant decline in fenugreek group whereas these changes were non-significant in the placebo group. The incremental differences in lipid peroxides and diene conjugates were significant for fenugreek. The incremental differences in serum nitrite (indicator of nitric oxide) for fenugreek were significant causing an increase in nitrite levels. Compliances to treatment varied between 92% and 99% and only mild gastrointestinal side effects were observed. Conclusion: Treatment with fenugreek seeds revealed significant hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant, antiinflammatory and nitric oxide activating effects, on AHA step 1 diet effects. 10 - Nutrition and nutraceuticals EAS-0844. EFFECTS OF EZETIMIBE ON OXIDIZED CHOLESTEROL COMPONENTS IN EPICARDIAL FAT AND MYOCARDIUM: A GAS CHROMATOGRAPHYMASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS M. Shimabukuroa, C. Okawab, X.F. Leic, J.R. Kim-Kaneyamac, H. Yamadad, H. Kurobee, D. Fukudaf, M. Satob, T. Kitagawae, M. Satad a Dep of Cardio-Diabetes Med, Univ of Tokushima Grad Sch of Health b Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan; Division Of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Graduate School Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; c Dep of Biochemistry, Showa University School Of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; d Dep of Cardiovascular Med, Univ of Tokushima Graduate School of
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Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan; e Dep of Cardiovascular Surg, Univ of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan; f Dep of Cardio-Diabetes Med, Univ of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan Objectives: Growing evidence suggests that epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) may contribute to the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). We and others reported that proinflammatory cytokines/adipocytokines are expressed and secreted at a higher level in the adipose tissue of individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD) than in individuals without CAD (Hirata JACC 2011, Shimabukuro ATVB 2013). Oxidized cholesterols in food have been recognized as strong atherogenic components, but their distribution and role in epicardial and perivascular fat remain unclarified. We determined effects of oxidized cholesterol components in epicardial fat and atherosclerotic lesions using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Methods: Male pigs were divided into a control group (80 kcal/kg/day), a 1.5% cholesterol-containing high-fat diet group (120 kcal/kg/day) (HFD group), and a HFD+ezetimibe group (0.3mg/kg/day) (Ezetimibe group). Contents of 14 oxidized cholesterol and 20 fatty-acid components were measured by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. EAT volume and cardiac function were determined by echocardiography. and atherosclerotic lesions were analyzed by electron microscopy. Results: 1. serum levels of a- and b-epoxycholesterol were increased and 7ketocholesterol was decreased in HFD group;a- and b-epoxy-cholesterol in epicardial fat were decreased in HFD group;a-epoxycholesterol in plasma and epicardial fat were decreased in Ezetimibe group as compared to HFD group, 2. levels of arachidonic acids were increased comparablly in HFD and Ezetimibe groups, 3. epicardial fat volume was increased in HFD group but significantly decreased in Ezetimibe group. Conclusion: Oxidized cholesterols after high-fat diet was distributed unhomogeneously in organs including epicardial adipose tissue. Ezetimibe may directly alter componetns of atherogenic oxidized cholesterol in these organs. 10 - Nutrition and nutraceuticals EAS-0397. EVALUATION OF ANTIATHEROSCLEROTIC EFFECTS OF ELLAGIC ACID METABOLITES IN CULTURED MACROPHAGES I. Zanottia, A. Piemontesea, F. Berninia, D. Del Riob a Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Parma, Parma, Italy
b
Food Science, University of
Objectives: Reduction of the prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease through the consumption of polyphenol-enriched diets has been established in several epidemiological studies. Ellagitannins represent a complex subclass of hydrolysable tannins found in berries, walnuts and pomegranate. These compounds are poorly absorbed after oral ingestion and are further metabolized by the colonic microbiota to form a series of catabolites called urolithins, characterized by a common 6H-dibenzo[b,d] pyran-6-one nucleus and a decreasing number of phenolic hydroxyl groups (urolithin D ? C ? A ? B). Whereas several in vitro studies demonstrated anti-atherogenic effects of ellagitannins, no data on the activity of these metabolites is currently available. In the present study we investigated the activity of ellagic acid colonic metabolites urolithin A,B,C,D; B glucoronide on processes involved in atherosclerosis, such as cholesterol efflux, cholesterol uptake and cell migration. Methods: Cultured human or murine macrophages were exposed to acetylated LDL for 24 hours, in order to promote foam cell formation. Urolithins were added at the concentration of 10mM and incubated for 24h. Cell cholesterol uptake and efflux were evaluated upon cell exposure to human HDL for 4-8 hours. Cholesterol efflux was quantified by a radioisotopebased assay, whereas cell cholesterol content was measured through a fluorimetric analysis. Cell migration was performed with a Boyden chamber assay, using C5a as chemotactic factor. Results: None compounds significantly influenced cholesterol exchange between foam cells and HDL. In fact, neither cholesterol efflux, nor
contrast to WT, deficit in ApoE increased SMA stiffness, decreased distensibility and impaired myogenic response. These structural and myogenic properties were significantly modified by VOO and OT diets, showing similar behavior than ApoE fed a SD. Endothelial dysfunction induced by HFD in both strains, was restored by VOO and OT diets only in ApoE, especially by OT. O-2 generation increased in HFD arteries was attenuated with olive oils-enriched diets. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate the beneficial effect of virgin olive oil-enriched diets on structural, myogenic and functional properties of microvasculature from ApoE mice compared to HFD. 10 - Nutrition and nutraceuticals EAS-0455. FENUGREEK SEEDS DECREASE OXIDATIVE STRESS AND BLOOD LIPIDS AND INCREASE NITRIC OXIDE IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERLIPIDEMIA M. Sajtya, L. Jackovaa, L. Merkovskaa, L. Jedlickovaa, J. Fedackoa, M. Janickoa, M. Vachalcovab, R.B. Singhc a
1st Dept of Internal Mecicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; Dept of Cardiology, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; c Halberg Hospital and Research Institute, Halberg Hospital and Research Institute, Moradabad, India
b
Objectives: In the present trial, we examine the effects of fenugreek seeds on biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk. Methods: Randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial in a hospital. All subjects (n¼61) with mild to moderate hyperlipidemia were assigned to American Heart Association step 1 diet for a period of 12 week and then randomized to two different test agents in identical sachets for another 12 weeks. The test agents were fenugreek seeds powder (60.0g/day) and cellulose placebo (3.g/day). Results: Of 61 subjects with serum cholesterol between 5.17 and 7.76nmol/ 1, 59 successfully completed 12 weeks of AHA step I diet and then augmented the diet with one of the fibre or fenugreek supplement for additional 12 weeks. Incremental differences from placebo for low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were: -15.1% for fenugreek; for total cholesterol the differences were -13.4% for fenugreek. The incremental differences in triglycerides (significant) for fenugreek were -9.5% with a 4.4% increase in HDL cholesterol. LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio showed significant decline from the baseline levels in the fenugreek group without such changes in the control group. Fasting and postprandial blood glucose as well as lipid peroxides and diene conjugates (indicators of oxidative stress) and TNF-alpha showed significant decline in fenugreek group whereas these changes were non-significant in the placebo group. The incremental differences in lipid peroxides and diene conjugates were significant for fenugreek. The incremental differences in serum nitrite (indicator of nitric oxide) for fenugreek were significant causing an increase in nitrite levels. Compliances to treatment varied between 92% and 99% and only mild gastrointestinal side effects were observed. Conclusion: Treatment with fenugreek seeds revealed significant hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant, antiinflammatory and nitric oxide activating effects, on AHA step 1 diet effects. 10 - Nutrition and nutraceuticals EAS-0844. EFFECTS OF EZETIMIBE ON OXIDIZED CHOLESTEROL COMPONENTS IN EPICARDIAL FAT AND MYOCARDIUM: A GAS CHROMATOGRAPHYMASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS M. Shimabukuroa, C. Okawab, X.F. Leic, J.R. Kim-Kaneyamac, H. Yamadad, H. Kurobee, D. Fukudaf, M. Satob, T. Kitagawae, M. Satad a Dep of Cardio-Diabetes Med, Univ of Tokushima Grad Sch of Health b Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan; Division Of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Graduate School Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; c Dep of Biochemistry, Showa University School Of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; d Dep of Cardiovascular Med, Univ of Tokushima Graduate School of
e113
Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan; e Dep of Cardiovascular Surg, Univ of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan; f Dep of Cardio-Diabetes Med, Univ of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan Objectives: Growing evidence suggests that epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) may contribute to the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). We and others reported that proinflammatory cytokines/adipocytokines are expressed and secreted at a higher level in the adipose tissue of individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD) than in individuals without CAD (Hirata JACC 2011, Shimabukuro ATVB 2013). Oxidized cholesterols in food have been recognized as strong atherogenic components, but their distribution and role in epicardial and perivascular fat remain unclarified. We determined effects of oxidized cholesterol components in epicardial fat and atherosclerotic lesions using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Methods: Male pigs were divided into a control group (80 kcal/kg/day), a 1.5% cholesterol-containing high-fat diet group (120 kcal/kg/day) (HFD group), and a HFD+ezetimibe group (0.3mg/kg/day) (Ezetimibe group). Contents of 14 oxidized cholesterol and 20 fatty-acid components were measured by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. EAT volume and cardiac function were determined by echocardiography. and atherosclerotic lesions were analyzed by electron microscopy. Results: 1. serum levels of a- and b-epoxycholesterol were increased and 7ketocholesterol was decreased in HFD group;a- and b-epoxy-cholesterol in epicardial fat were decreased in HFD group;a-epoxycholesterol in plasma and epicardial fat were decreased in Ezetimibe group as compared to HFD group, 2. levels of arachidonic acids were increased comparablly in HFD and Ezetimibe groups, 3. epicardial fat volume was increased in HFD group but significantly decreased in Ezetimibe group. Conclusion: Oxidized cholesterols after high-fat diet was distributed unhomogeneously in organs including epicardial adipose tissue. Ezetimibe may directly alter componetns of atherogenic oxidized cholesterol in these organs. 10 - Nutrition and nutraceuticals EAS-0397. EVALUATION OF ANTIATHEROSCLEROTIC EFFECTS OF ELLAGIC ACID METABOLITES IN CULTURED MACROPHAGES I. Zanottia, A. Piemontesea, F. Berninia, D. Del Riob a Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Parma, Parma, Italy
b
Food Science, University of
Objectives: Reduction of the prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease through the consumption of polyphenol-enriched diets has been established in several epidemiological studies. Ellagitannins represent a complex subclass of hydrolysable tannins found in berries, walnuts and pomegranate. These compounds are poorly absorbed after oral ingestion and are further metabolized by the colonic microbiota to form a series of catabolites called urolithins, characterized by a common 6H-dibenzo[b,d] pyran-6-one nucleus and a decreasing number of phenolic hydroxyl groups (urolithin D ? C ? A ? B). Whereas several in vitro studies demonstrated anti-atherogenic effects of ellagitannins, no data on the activity of these metabolites is currently available. In the present study we investigated the activity of ellagic acid colonic metabolites urolithin A,B,C,D; B glucoronide on processes involved in atherosclerosis, such as cholesterol efflux, cholesterol uptake and cell migration. Methods: Cultured human or murine macrophages were exposed to acetylated LDL for 24 hours, in order to promote foam cell formation. Urolithins were added at the concentration of 10mM and incubated for 24h. Cell cholesterol uptake and efflux were evaluated upon cell exposure to human HDL for 4-8 hours. Cholesterol efflux was quantified by a radioisotopebased assay, whereas cell cholesterol content was measured through a fluorimetric analysis. Cell migration was performed with a Boyden chamber assay, using C5a as chemotactic factor. Results: None compounds significantly influenced cholesterol exchange between foam cells and HDL. In fact, neither cholesterol efflux, nor