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Fibrous material for composite materials, fiber-reinforced metal produced therefrom, and process for producing same
A creep-resistant cement product comprises inorganic hydraulic cement and selected aggregates and contains reinforcing steel elements the exterior surfaces of which are coated with a chemical conversion product consisting essentially of FeO.
Composite article Newton, J. R. (Briar Bank, Endmoor, Kendal, Cumbria, LA8 0ED, UK) US Pat 4 726 707 (23 February 1988) A cover with a high load-bearing capacity is formed from glass fibre prepreg and cured as one unit to avoid joints or seams, The upper and lower skins are of FRP, closed at the edges. The interior contains supporting walls of FRP with a lightweight infill. Controlled resistivity carbon fiber paper and fabric sheet products and method of manufacture Boyd, Jr, G. P. (Stackpole Fibers Company Incorporated, Lowell, MA, USA) US Pat 4 728 395 (1 March 1988) The method of producing carbon fibre sheet products with controlled resistivity comprises: oxidizing and stabilizing carbonizable fibre starting material at ~220°C to effect molecular aromatic rearrangement; selectivily carbonizing the material for a predetermined time in a oxygen-free atmosphere at a selected temperature (between 370°C and 1300°C) by soaking the material to provide a desired electrical resistivity; and processing the fibres to produce non-woven paper or woven or knitted fabric sheet products with the preselected surface electrical resistivities. Glass fibers for reinforcing polymers Temple, C. S. (PPG Industries Incorporated, Pittsburgh, PA, USA) US Pat 4 728 573 (1 March 1988) A detailed description of the chemical composition of a solution for the surface treatment of glass fibres as they are formed is given. This aqueous composition which is essentially free of cationic lubricants that are formed from amidated fatty acids comprises; an effective coupling agent, an aqueous emulsion of acid- or anhydride-modified polyolefin having one or more surfactants, a binder stabilizer, an aqueous dispersion of a film-forming polymer, and water in an amount to give a total solids for the composition of 1-25 wt %. Fibrous material for composite materials, fiber-reinforced metal produced therefrom, and process for producing same Towata, S. and Yamada. S. (Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho, Japan) US Pat 4 732 779 (22 March 1988) The process includes passing a loosned bundle of continuous fibres of a heatresistant material (ceramic, carbon, metal, or intermetallic compound) through a bath containing short fibres, whiskers, or powders of one of the above-mentioned heat resistant materials in suspension so that discrete small particles become attached to the surface of individual continuous fibres.
Mittelstadt, R. F. (The Boeing Company, Seattle, WA, USA) US Pat 4 720 255 (19 January 1988) An apparatus for forming fibre-reinforced composite material tape is described. The apparatus provides a means of restricting and applying pressure to the thickness of the tape and of bending the tape in the widthwise direction, in a predetermined configuration without changing the width or thickness of the tape.
Method for producing fiber reinforced thermoplastic material Binnerlsey, E. K. and Krueger, W. H. (E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, DE, USA) US Pat 4 720 366 (19 January 1988) The method of producing fibre-reinforced thermoplastic material comprises advancing a tensioned array of continuous filaments in sliding contact with an extruder head from which a flow of molten thermoplastic polymer under pressure is passed from side to side through the filaments thus expelling the air between the filaments, the filaments having a higher melting point than the polymer. Process for moulding and curing a composite skin-stiffneners assembly Kowal, W. (Canadair Incorporated, Montreal, Canada) US Pat 4 721 593 (26 January 1988) A process for forming a composite skinstiffener assembly is described. Pieces of stiffener-forming composite material are laid over ridges on a stiffener mould face; a skin of composite material is laid over the skin mould face; expandable moulding devices are laid in the valleys of the stiffener-forming mould. The moulds are brought together and the skin and stiffeners are co-cured under appropriate heat and pressure. Mixing apparatus Salzman, R. N. and McDermott, K. T (General Signal Corporation, Rochester, NY, USA) US Pat 4 722 608 (2 February 1988) An apparatus for mixing a liquid or liquid suspension medium contained in a vessel employs a mixing device comprising a shaft and impellor having a hub and plurality of blades, the device being made from fibrereinforced resin. The blades have a stiffness increasing from top to base to counteract flexure due to the reaction loads of the liquid medium and the hub and shaft are assembled to lock against the thrust of these loads.
PROCESSES
Electrochemical coating of carbon fibers Naarmann, H., Haaf, F. and Fahrbach, G. (BASF Aktiengesselschaft, Ludwigshafen, FRG) US Pat 4 724 062 (9 February 1988) A process for applying a layer of electricallyconductive polymer to carbon fibres is described. The fibres, in the form of filaments or sheets, are coated with a solution of a sulphonic acid of phthalocyanine or porphyrin, dried, and then made the anode in a solution which contains 5membered heterocyclic monomers, of which the heteroatom is nitrogen or sulphur, and which are then anodically polymerized onto the fibres.
Apparatus for planar forming of zero degree composite tape
Method of making piezoelectric composites Card, R. J., O'Toole, M. P. and Safari, A. (American Cyanamid Company, Stamford,
COMPOSITES
. MAY 1989
CN, USA) US Pat 4 726 099 (23 February 1988) A method of producing a piezoelectric ceramic polymer matrix for use in piezoelectric composites is described. Metal salts or complexes are deposited from solution onto activated carbon fibres. After drying, the fibres are calcined to form the metal oxides and then the carbon is removed. The resultant ceramic material is then intimately mixed either with a solution which is then capable or being polymerized or directly with a polymer which will support it; reinforcing material may also be added.
Process for producing tubular shaped fibrous articles Goi, S., Sugihara, T. and Sonoda, H. (Chisso Corporation, Osaka, Japan) US Pat 4 762 862 (23 February 1988) A method of producing tubular-shaped fibrous articles from bundles of fibres containing at least 20 wt % hot-melt adhesive in fibre form is described. The fibre bundle is passed over a core in a specially constructed cyclindrical injection chamber through which compressed gas, at a sufficiently high temperature to melt the adhesive, is passed. Method of planar forming of zero degree composite tape Mittelstadt, R. F. (The Boeing Company, Seattle, WA, USA) US Pat 4 726 924 (23 February 1988) The method of forming composite tape using the apparatus described in US Pat 4 720 255 (19 January 1988) is given. Resin impregnation of fiber structures Hilakos, W. (General Electric Company, Mount Vernon, IN, USA) US Pat 4 728 387 (1 March 1988) An apparatus for impregnating continuous glass fibres with a resin is described. There is a means of tracting the continuous length of fibres under tension along an extended pathway in which is a convex surface for spreading the fibres apart and a non-convex surface for bringing them back together again; the polymeric resin, or a polymeric resin-forming composition, is applied to the spread fibres. Multielectrolyte shear treatment of carbon fibers Mitchell, S. (Amoco Corporation, Chicago, IL, USA) US Pat 4 729 820 (8 March 1988) A method of surface treating carbon fibres comprises moving the carbon fibre, as anode, through two electrolytic baths; the first containing an aqueous solution of an oxidizer and the second, an aqueous solution of an ammonium compound of pH at least 8. Apparatus for winding a filament onto a former, having guide structure for reducing filament hending Bridges, S. A. (Rolls-Royce pie, London, UK) US Pat 4 732 339 (22 March 1988) An apparatus for guiding a filament onto a former is described. The filament is supplied from a bobbin mounted on an annular carrier. The bobbin rotates about an axis which s tangential to the axis of rotation of the carrier. The filament is guded through a pair of pinch rollers and over an annular ring with an arcuate surface onto the former, the path of which passes through the carrier and the filament guides.
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Composite article Newton, J. R. (Briar Bank, Endmoor, Kendal, Cumbria, LA8 0ED, UK) US Pat 4 726 707 (23 February 1988) A cover with a high load-bearing capacity is formed from glass fibre prepreg and cured as one unit to avoid joints or seams, The upper and lower skins are of FRP, closed at the edges. The interior contains supporting walls of FRP with a lightweight infill. Controlled resistivity carbon fiber paper and fabric sheet products and method of manufacture Boyd, Jr, G. P. (Stackpole Fibers Company Incorporated, Lowell, MA, USA) US Pat 4 728 395 (1 March 1988) The method of producing carbon fibre sheet products with controlled resistivity comprises: oxidizing and stabilizing carbonizable fibre starting material at ~220°C to effect molecular aromatic rearrangement; selectivily carbonizing the material for a predetermined time in a oxygen-free atmosphere at a selected temperature (between 370°C and 1300°C) by soaking the material to provide a desired electrical resistivity; and processing the fibres to produce non-woven paper or woven or knitted fabric sheet products with the preselected surface electrical resistivities. Glass fibers for reinforcing polymers Temple, C. S. (PPG Industries Incorporated, Pittsburgh, PA, USA) US Pat 4 728 573 (1 March 1988) A detailed description of the chemical composition of a solution for the surface treatment of glass fibres as they are formed is given. This aqueous composition which is essentially free of cationic lubricants that are formed from amidated fatty acids comprises; an effective coupling agent, an aqueous emulsion of acid- or anhydride-modified polyolefin having one or more surfactants, a binder stabilizer, an aqueous dispersion of a film-forming polymer, and water in an amount to give a total solids for the composition of 1-25 wt %. Fibrous material for composite materials, fiber-reinforced metal produced therefrom, and process for producing same Towata, S. and Yamada. S. (Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho, Japan) US Pat 4 732 779 (22 March 1988) The process includes passing a loosned bundle of continuous fibres of a heatresistant material (ceramic, carbon, metal, or intermetallic compound) through a bath containing short fibres, whiskers, or powders of one of the above-mentioned heat resistant materials in suspension so that discrete small particles become attached to the surface of individual continuous fibres.
Mittelstadt, R. F. (The Boeing Company, Seattle, WA, USA) US Pat 4 720 255 (19 January 1988) An apparatus for forming fibre-reinforced composite material tape is described. The apparatus provides a means of restricting and applying pressure to the thickness of the tape and of bending the tape in the widthwise direction, in a predetermined configuration without changing the width or thickness of the tape.
Method for producing fiber reinforced thermoplastic material Binnerlsey, E. K. and Krueger, W. H. (E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, DE, USA) US Pat 4 720 366 (19 January 1988) The method of producing fibre-reinforced thermoplastic material comprises advancing a tensioned array of continuous filaments in sliding contact with an extruder head from which a flow of molten thermoplastic polymer under pressure is passed from side to side through the filaments thus expelling the air between the filaments, the filaments having a higher melting point than the polymer. Process for moulding and curing a composite skin-stiffneners assembly Kowal, W. (Canadair Incorporated, Montreal, Canada) US Pat 4 721 593 (26 January 1988) A process for forming a composite skinstiffener assembly is described. Pieces of stiffener-forming composite material are laid over ridges on a stiffener mould face; a skin of composite material is laid over the skin mould face; expandable moulding devices are laid in the valleys of the stiffener-forming mould. The moulds are brought together and the skin and stiffeners are co-cured under appropriate heat and pressure. Mixing apparatus Salzman, R. N. and McDermott, K. T (General Signal Corporation, Rochester, NY, USA) US Pat 4 722 608 (2 February 1988) An apparatus for mixing a liquid or liquid suspension medium contained in a vessel employs a mixing device comprising a shaft and impellor having a hub and plurality of blades, the device being made from fibrereinforced resin. The blades have a stiffness increasing from top to base to counteract flexure due to the reaction loads of the liquid medium and the hub and shaft are assembled to lock against the thrust of these loads.
PROCESSES
Electrochemical coating of carbon fibers Naarmann, H., Haaf, F. and Fahrbach, G. (BASF Aktiengesselschaft, Ludwigshafen, FRG) US Pat 4 724 062 (9 February 1988) A process for applying a layer of electricallyconductive polymer to carbon fibres is described. The fibres, in the form of filaments or sheets, are coated with a solution of a sulphonic acid of phthalocyanine or porphyrin, dried, and then made the anode in a solution which contains 5membered heterocyclic monomers, of which the heteroatom is nitrogen or sulphur, and which are then anodically polymerized onto the fibres.
Apparatus for planar forming of zero degree composite tape
Method of making piezoelectric composites Card, R. J., O'Toole, M. P. and Safari, A. (American Cyanamid Company, Stamford,
COMPOSITES
. MAY 1989
CN, USA) US Pat 4 726 099 (23 February 1988) A method of producing a piezoelectric ceramic polymer matrix for use in piezoelectric composites is described. Metal salts or complexes are deposited from solution onto activated carbon fibres. After drying, the fibres are calcined to form the metal oxides and then the carbon is removed. The resultant ceramic material is then intimately mixed either with a solution which is then capable or being polymerized or directly with a polymer which will support it; reinforcing material may also be added.
Process for producing tubular shaped fibrous articles Goi, S., Sugihara, T. and Sonoda, H. (Chisso Corporation, Osaka, Japan) US Pat 4 762 862 (23 February 1988) A method of producing tubular-shaped fibrous articles from bundles of fibres containing at least 20 wt % hot-melt adhesive in fibre form is described. The fibre bundle is passed over a core in a specially constructed cyclindrical injection chamber through which compressed gas, at a sufficiently high temperature to melt the adhesive, is passed. Method of planar forming of zero degree composite tape Mittelstadt, R. F. (The Boeing Company, Seattle, WA, USA) US Pat 4 726 924 (23 February 1988) The method of forming composite tape using the apparatus described in US Pat 4 720 255 (19 January 1988) is given. Resin impregnation of fiber structures Hilakos, W. (General Electric Company, Mount Vernon, IN, USA) US Pat 4 728 387 (1 March 1988) An apparatus for impregnating continuous glass fibres with a resin is described. There is a means of tracting the continuous length of fibres under tension along an extended pathway in which is a convex surface for spreading the fibres apart and a non-convex surface for bringing them back together again; the polymeric resin, or a polymeric resin-forming composition, is applied to the spread fibres. Multielectrolyte shear treatment of carbon fibers Mitchell, S. (Amoco Corporation, Chicago, IL, USA) US Pat 4 729 820 (8 March 1988) A method of surface treating carbon fibres comprises moving the carbon fibre, as anode, through two electrolytic baths; the first containing an aqueous solution of an oxidizer and the second, an aqueous solution of an ammonium compound of pH at least 8. Apparatus for winding a filament onto a former, having guide structure for reducing filament hending Bridges, S. A. (Rolls-Royce pie, London, UK) US Pat 4 732 339 (22 March 1988) An apparatus for guiding a filament onto a former is described. The filament is supplied from a bobbin mounted on an annular carrier. The bobbin rotates about an axis which s tangential to the axis of rotation of the carrier. The filament is guded through a pair of pinch rollers and over an annular ring with an arcuate surface onto the former, the path of which passes through the carrier and the filament guides.
297