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Filter element
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INVENTIONSINFILTRATIONANDSEPARATION
Abstracts of recent British Patents Removing moisture from a hot compressed gas
oil or p e t r o l in w a t e r , d r a i n e d f r o m a g a r a g e f o r e c o u r t , to a s s i s l g r a v i t y s e p a r a tion. An a l t e r n a t i v e filter is flat w i t h a peripheral frame, and with a filter m e d i u m w h o s e m e s h size is s m a l l e r in the central area.
In GB 2 2 7 4 4 0 3 I n g e r s o l l - R a n d C o m p a n y d e s c r i b e s a n a p p a r a t u s for r e m o v i n g moisture from a hot compressed gas [)efore t h e g a s is d e l i v e r e d to a w o r k tool. It i n c l u d e s a u n i t a r y rigid s t r u c t u r e c ( ) m p o s e d o f a c e n t r a l core w i t h a h e a d e r m o u n t e d o n e a c h side of t h e core. T h e c e n t r a l core i n c l u d e s r e c u p e r a t o r a n d aftercooler sections. The headers define air p a s s a g e s , w h e r e b y t h e a i r p a s s i n g t h r o u g h t h e a p p a r a t u s is first c o o l e d in t h e r e c u p e r a t o r section, f u r t h e r c o o l e d in I he a f t e r c o o l e r section, a n d t h e n r e h e a t e d in t h e r e c u p e r a t o r section. A water s e p a r a t o r is p o s i t i o n e d a t t h e p o i n t ~ h e r e t h e g a s r e a c h e s its l o w e s t t e m p e r a ture. On r e h e a t i n g , a relatively d r y a n d h o t g a s may- be d e l i v e r e d to t h e w o r k tool, ~ h i c h m a y be a s a n d b l a s t a p p a r a t u s , for ,.xample.
In GB 2 2 7 4 6 0 3 Pall C o r p o r a t i o n d e s c r i b e s a t u b u l a r p l e a t e d filter e l e m e n t . T h i s c o m p r i s e s a m u l t i l a y e r c o m p o s i t e in w h i c h t h e filter m e d i u m layer is p r o t e c t e d f r o m a b r a s i o n by t h e u p s t r e a m d r a i n a g e and support layer by means of an intermediate cushioning layer of smooth nonwoven nylon or polyester. A similar c u s h i o n i n g l a y e r m a y be p r o v i d e d between the layer and a downstream d r a i n a g e a n d s u p p o r t layer. T h e l a y e r s m a y be o f e x t r u d e d m e s h , a n d p o l y m e r b e a d s m a y be a p p l i e d d o w n s t r e a m of t h e layers.
Apparatus for removing oil from water
Screening solids from a liquid
In GB 2 2 7 4 4 0 5 T.G. Pringle d e s c r i b e s a n a p p a r a t u s for p i c k i n g u p oil f r o m t h e ~urface o f ()pen water. It c o m p r i s e s a floating b o o m s t a t i o n e d g e n e r a l l y t r a n s v e r s e to t h e d i r e c t i o n o f t h e w i n d a n d / o r waves, a n d a t t a c h e d to a n oil-collecting ~rough e x t e n d i n g a l o n g t h e w i n d w a r d ~ d e of t h e b o o m , so t h a t t h e w i n d a n d / )t" w a v e s s p i l l oil i n t o t h e t r o u g h , preferably u p a n i n t e g r a l f l o a t i n g r a m p . Fhe t r o u g h m a y h a v e oil-collecting s u m p s ~t)aeed at intervals, w i t h m e s h floors to ~,dease t h e w a t e r , s t e a m h e a t i n g coils a n d a u g e r s to p u m p o u t t h e oil. A l t e r n a t i v e l y , : h e oil m a y flow f r o m t h e t r o u g h i n t o removable, rearward-extending collection i~ags w i t h m e s h e n d s . T h e t r o u g h i t s e l f m a y also h a v e a m e s h floor.
Coalescing filter In GB 2 2 7 4 4 0 6 C a m p l a s T e c h n o l o g y Ltd d e s c r i b e s a c o a l e s c i n g filter. A l a y e r o f !]ne m e s h filter m e d i u m is laid a r o u n d a rotary mandrel, and strengthened by i)undles or tows of continuous fibres tmpregnated with suitable resin, and ~ o u n d o r l a i d in c o n t r o l l e d h e l i c a l patterns under controlled tension. This ~Teates a t h r e e - d i m e n s i o n a l r e i n f o r c i n g q r u c t u r e , w h i c h is b o n d e d by t h e r e s i n to :~ layer w h i c h is e x p o s e d over a n a r r a y o f 41iamond-shaped areas between the wind ~l,gs. A f u r t h e r layer of c o a l e s c e n t filter m e d i u m is a p p l i e d to t h e o u t s i d e o f t h e r e i n f o r c i n g s t r u c t u r e . T h e fine m e s h filter m e d i u m s l o w s d o w n t h e r a t e o f flow o f 1he liquid, so t h a t it t e n d s to be s p r e a d m o r e evenly over t h e w h o l e o f t h e filter. T h e m e s h size m a y v a r y l a t e r a l l y a c r o s s ~he m e d i u m to a s s i s t s u c h u n i f o r m s p r e a d i n g . T h e filter is u s e d to c o a l e s c e Filtration & Separation
January 1995
Filter element
In GB 2 2 7 5 0 0 0 V a n m a r k C o r p o r a t i o n describes a method and means for s c r e e n i n g s o l i d s f r o m a liquid. C o o k i n g oil c o n t a i n i n g s u s p e n d e d s o l i d s is filtered in a c y l i n d r i c a l c h a m b e r a s it flows f r o m a n i n l e t to a n o u t l e t . S u b s e q u e n t l y a p i s t o n d e s c e n d s to c o m p r e s s t h e r e t a i n e d solids at the bottom of the chamber. After s e v e r a l cycles, w h e n t h e d e s c e n t o f t h e p i s t o n is r e s t r i c t e d b y a c c u m u l a t i n g solids, a v a l v e is a u t o m a t i c a l l y o p e n e d a n d t h e l o w e r s e c t i o n o f s o l i d s is p u s h e d out. The piston incorporates a filter s c r e e n w h i c h is b a c k w a s h e d e a c h t i m e the piston rises after a compression step.
Backwashing filter beds In GB 2 2 7 5 2 0 9 R.P. M o o r e d e s c r i b e s a method for backwashing filter beds. Filtered w a t e r f r o m a b a n k o f s e p a r a t e d o w n w a r d - f l o w filter b e d s is p a r t l y disc h a r g e d a n d p a r t l y s t o r e d in a c o m m o n reservoir, a n d u s e d to b a c k w a s h t h e b e d s in t u r n . A d u c t f e e d s u n f i l t e r e d w a t e r to each bed via a space on one side of an overflow, thus maintaining a normal w a t e r level a b o v e t h e bed. W h e n b a c k w a s h i n g , t h e level is r e d u c e d to t h a t o f overflow. T h e v a l v e is c l o s e d a n d a n o t h e r valve o p e n e d t o d i s c h a r g e u s e d b a c k w a s h w a t e r to a d u c t . A s e c t i o n o f s t a n d p i p e in t h e r e s e r v o i r is t h e n r a i s e d to b a c k w a s h t h e b e d u n d e r gravity. In o t h e r c o n s t r u c t i o n s t h e f i l t e r e d w a t e r r e s e r v o i r is l o c a t e d m o r e o n a level w i t h t h e filter b e d s , a n d w a t e r is f o r c e d b a c k t h r o u g h t h e b e d s by c o m p r e s s e d a i r d e l i v e r e d i n t o t h e reservoir. C o m p r e s s e d a i r c a n also b e fed t h r o u g h a v a l v e to a g i t a t e t h e b e d before backwashing.
Exhaust gas filter element In GB 2 2 7 5 4 2 9 S u m i t o m o C h e m i c a l Co Ltd describes an exhaust gas filter e l e m e n t for t h e r e m o w t l o f p a r t i c u l a t e s from diesel engine exhaust g a s . It c o m p r i s e s c o n t i n u o u s a l u m i n a - s i l i c a fibres, e a c h o f w h i c h c o n t a i n s n o t l e s s t h a n 98% by t o t a l w e i g h t o f a l u m i n a a n d silica; its f o l d i n g s t r e n g t h is n o t l e s s t h a n a b o u t 1.5 k g / m m z ( t h i s s t r e n g t h is t h e l o a d r e q u i r e d to b r e a k o n e or m o r e fibres w h i c h a r e folded over a h o r i z o n t a l m e t a l rod a n d slowly s t r e t c h e d d o w n w a r d s ) . T h e e l e m e n t is t u b u l a r with a p e r f o r a t e d ('.ore, a n d t h e fibres m a y be w o u n d directly a r o u n d t h e core, or f o r m e d i n t o a w o v e n o r k n i t t e d fabric w h i c h is t h e n w r a p p e d a r o u n d t h e core.
Point-of-use water filtration In GB 2 2 7 5 4 6 9 Visshill-Tech ( P a t e n t s ) Pty Ltd d e s c r i b e s a p o i n t - o f - u s e w a t e r f i l t r a t i o n a n d d i s p e n s i n g u n i t . It c o m prises a removable unfiltered water storage container supported above a f i l t e r e d w a t e r reservoir. T h e c o n t a i n e r h a s a n i n l e t for u n f i l t e r e d w a t e r , a n d a n o u t l e t c o m m u n i c a t i n g w i t h t h e reservoir, w i t h t h e w a t e r in t h e c o n t a i n e r e x p o s e d to a t m o s p h e r i c p r e s s u r e . T h e f i l t e r e d water reservoir communicates with a d i s p e n s i n g o u t l e t / t a p , w h i c h in its c l o s e d position resists the hydrostatic pressure o f t h e w a t e r in t h e r e s e r v o i r a n d t h e container. A removable unit seals the r e s e r v o i r to t h e c o n t a i n e r , a n d a r e m o v a b l e filter is l o c a t e d w i t h i n t h e u n f i l t e r e d w a t e r c o n t a i n e r so t h a t w a t e r f l o w s t h r o u g h t h e filter by g r a v i t y feed a s f i l t e r e d w a t e r is d i s p e n s e d f r o m t h e reservoir.
Filter for milk In GB 2 2 7 6 0 9 6 Arabic E q u i p m e n t Ltd describes a milk filter comprising a h o u s i n g w i t h a n inlet a n d a n o u t l e t , a n d e n c l o s i n g a t u b u l a r filter e l e m e n t . T h i s is m a d e f r o m a s h e e t of n o n - s h a p e - r e t a i n i n g b o n d e d fibre m a t e r i a l , h e l d b e t w e e n two s u p p o r t i n g m e m b e r s to c o n s t r a i n it to a pleated configuration. One of the supp o r t i n g m e m b e r s is in t h e f o r m o f a core. This comprises a hollow perforated tube with a number of radially projecting perforated vanes. The other supporting member comprises parallel perforated e l o n g a t e d ribs c o n n e c t e d t o g e t h e r by a t l e a s t o n e flexible e l e m e n t , so t h a t t h i s m e m b e r c a n be w r a p p e d a r o u n d t h e core to h o l d t h e filter m a t e r i a l a g a i n s t t h e core. E n d c a p s a n d a n o u t e r s t o c k i n e t t e filter sleeve a r e t h e n a d d e d . T h e filter e l e m e n t is d i s m a n t l e d a n d t h e f i l t e r m a t e r i a l s r e p l a c e d w h e n it b e c o m e s clogged. [] In the UK British Patent speeid~ctttgons cam be ordered from: The Patent Office (Sales Branvh) Unit 6, N i n e Mile Point ~elinfach, Crosskeys Newport, Gwent NP1 7HZ, UK~ Tel: 01495 201100 49
INVENTIONSINFILTRATIONANDSEPARATION
Abstracts of recent British Patents Removing moisture from a hot compressed gas
oil or p e t r o l in w a t e r , d r a i n e d f r o m a g a r a g e f o r e c o u r t , to a s s i s l g r a v i t y s e p a r a tion. An a l t e r n a t i v e filter is flat w i t h a peripheral frame, and with a filter m e d i u m w h o s e m e s h size is s m a l l e r in the central area.
In GB 2 2 7 4 4 0 3 I n g e r s o l l - R a n d C o m p a n y d e s c r i b e s a n a p p a r a t u s for r e m o v i n g moisture from a hot compressed gas [)efore t h e g a s is d e l i v e r e d to a w o r k tool. It i n c l u d e s a u n i t a r y rigid s t r u c t u r e c ( ) m p o s e d o f a c e n t r a l core w i t h a h e a d e r m o u n t e d o n e a c h side of t h e core. T h e c e n t r a l core i n c l u d e s r e c u p e r a t o r a n d aftercooler sections. The headers define air p a s s a g e s , w h e r e b y t h e a i r p a s s i n g t h r o u g h t h e a p p a r a t u s is first c o o l e d in t h e r e c u p e r a t o r section, f u r t h e r c o o l e d in I he a f t e r c o o l e r section, a n d t h e n r e h e a t e d in t h e r e c u p e r a t o r section. A water s e p a r a t o r is p o s i t i o n e d a t t h e p o i n t ~ h e r e t h e g a s r e a c h e s its l o w e s t t e m p e r a ture. On r e h e a t i n g , a relatively d r y a n d h o t g a s may- be d e l i v e r e d to t h e w o r k tool, ~ h i c h m a y be a s a n d b l a s t a p p a r a t u s , for ,.xample.
In GB 2 2 7 4 6 0 3 Pall C o r p o r a t i o n d e s c r i b e s a t u b u l a r p l e a t e d filter e l e m e n t . T h i s c o m p r i s e s a m u l t i l a y e r c o m p o s i t e in w h i c h t h e filter m e d i u m layer is p r o t e c t e d f r o m a b r a s i o n by t h e u p s t r e a m d r a i n a g e and support layer by means of an intermediate cushioning layer of smooth nonwoven nylon or polyester. A similar c u s h i o n i n g l a y e r m a y be p r o v i d e d between the layer and a downstream d r a i n a g e a n d s u p p o r t layer. T h e l a y e r s m a y be o f e x t r u d e d m e s h , a n d p o l y m e r b e a d s m a y be a p p l i e d d o w n s t r e a m of t h e layers.
Apparatus for removing oil from water
Screening solids from a liquid
In GB 2 2 7 4 4 0 5 T.G. Pringle d e s c r i b e s a n a p p a r a t u s for p i c k i n g u p oil f r o m t h e ~urface o f ()pen water. It c o m p r i s e s a floating b o o m s t a t i o n e d g e n e r a l l y t r a n s v e r s e to t h e d i r e c t i o n o f t h e w i n d a n d / o r waves, a n d a t t a c h e d to a n oil-collecting ~rough e x t e n d i n g a l o n g t h e w i n d w a r d ~ d e of t h e b o o m , so t h a t t h e w i n d a n d / )t" w a v e s s p i l l oil i n t o t h e t r o u g h , preferably u p a n i n t e g r a l f l o a t i n g r a m p . Fhe t r o u g h m a y h a v e oil-collecting s u m p s ~t)aeed at intervals, w i t h m e s h floors to ~,dease t h e w a t e r , s t e a m h e a t i n g coils a n d a u g e r s to p u m p o u t t h e oil. A l t e r n a t i v e l y , : h e oil m a y flow f r o m t h e t r o u g h i n t o removable, rearward-extending collection i~ags w i t h m e s h e n d s . T h e t r o u g h i t s e l f m a y also h a v e a m e s h floor.
Coalescing filter In GB 2 2 7 4 4 0 6 C a m p l a s T e c h n o l o g y Ltd d e s c r i b e s a c o a l e s c i n g filter. A l a y e r o f !]ne m e s h filter m e d i u m is laid a r o u n d a rotary mandrel, and strengthened by i)undles or tows of continuous fibres tmpregnated with suitable resin, and ~ o u n d o r l a i d in c o n t r o l l e d h e l i c a l patterns under controlled tension. This ~Teates a t h r e e - d i m e n s i o n a l r e i n f o r c i n g q r u c t u r e , w h i c h is b o n d e d by t h e r e s i n to :~ layer w h i c h is e x p o s e d over a n a r r a y o f 41iamond-shaped areas between the wind ~l,gs. A f u r t h e r layer of c o a l e s c e n t filter m e d i u m is a p p l i e d to t h e o u t s i d e o f t h e r e i n f o r c i n g s t r u c t u r e . T h e fine m e s h filter m e d i u m s l o w s d o w n t h e r a t e o f flow o f 1he liquid, so t h a t it t e n d s to be s p r e a d m o r e evenly over t h e w h o l e o f t h e filter. T h e m e s h size m a y v a r y l a t e r a l l y a c r o s s ~he m e d i u m to a s s i s t s u c h u n i f o r m s p r e a d i n g . T h e filter is u s e d to c o a l e s c e Filtration & Separation
January 1995
Filter element
In GB 2 2 7 5 0 0 0 V a n m a r k C o r p o r a t i o n describes a method and means for s c r e e n i n g s o l i d s f r o m a liquid. C o o k i n g oil c o n t a i n i n g s u s p e n d e d s o l i d s is filtered in a c y l i n d r i c a l c h a m b e r a s it flows f r o m a n i n l e t to a n o u t l e t . S u b s e q u e n t l y a p i s t o n d e s c e n d s to c o m p r e s s t h e r e t a i n e d solids at the bottom of the chamber. After s e v e r a l cycles, w h e n t h e d e s c e n t o f t h e p i s t o n is r e s t r i c t e d b y a c c u m u l a t i n g solids, a v a l v e is a u t o m a t i c a l l y o p e n e d a n d t h e l o w e r s e c t i o n o f s o l i d s is p u s h e d out. The piston incorporates a filter s c r e e n w h i c h is b a c k w a s h e d e a c h t i m e the piston rises after a compression step.
Backwashing filter beds In GB 2 2 7 5 2 0 9 R.P. M o o r e d e s c r i b e s a method for backwashing filter beds. Filtered w a t e r f r o m a b a n k o f s e p a r a t e d o w n w a r d - f l o w filter b e d s is p a r t l y disc h a r g e d a n d p a r t l y s t o r e d in a c o m m o n reservoir, a n d u s e d to b a c k w a s h t h e b e d s in t u r n . A d u c t f e e d s u n f i l t e r e d w a t e r to each bed via a space on one side of an overflow, thus maintaining a normal w a t e r level a b o v e t h e bed. W h e n b a c k w a s h i n g , t h e level is r e d u c e d to t h a t o f overflow. T h e v a l v e is c l o s e d a n d a n o t h e r valve o p e n e d t o d i s c h a r g e u s e d b a c k w a s h w a t e r to a d u c t . A s e c t i o n o f s t a n d p i p e in t h e r e s e r v o i r is t h e n r a i s e d to b a c k w a s h t h e b e d u n d e r gravity. In o t h e r c o n s t r u c t i o n s t h e f i l t e r e d w a t e r r e s e r v o i r is l o c a t e d m o r e o n a level w i t h t h e filter b e d s , a n d w a t e r is f o r c e d b a c k t h r o u g h t h e b e d s by c o m p r e s s e d a i r d e l i v e r e d i n t o t h e reservoir. C o m p r e s s e d a i r c a n also b e fed t h r o u g h a v a l v e to a g i t a t e t h e b e d before backwashing.
Exhaust gas filter element In GB 2 2 7 5 4 2 9 S u m i t o m o C h e m i c a l Co Ltd describes an exhaust gas filter e l e m e n t for t h e r e m o w t l o f p a r t i c u l a t e s from diesel engine exhaust g a s . It c o m p r i s e s c o n t i n u o u s a l u m i n a - s i l i c a fibres, e a c h o f w h i c h c o n t a i n s n o t l e s s t h a n 98% by t o t a l w e i g h t o f a l u m i n a a n d silica; its f o l d i n g s t r e n g t h is n o t l e s s t h a n a b o u t 1.5 k g / m m z ( t h i s s t r e n g t h is t h e l o a d r e q u i r e d to b r e a k o n e or m o r e fibres w h i c h a r e folded over a h o r i z o n t a l m e t a l rod a n d slowly s t r e t c h e d d o w n w a r d s ) . T h e e l e m e n t is t u b u l a r with a p e r f o r a t e d ('.ore, a n d t h e fibres m a y be w o u n d directly a r o u n d t h e core, or f o r m e d i n t o a w o v e n o r k n i t t e d fabric w h i c h is t h e n w r a p p e d a r o u n d t h e core.
Point-of-use water filtration In GB 2 2 7 5 4 6 9 Visshill-Tech ( P a t e n t s ) Pty Ltd d e s c r i b e s a p o i n t - o f - u s e w a t e r f i l t r a t i o n a n d d i s p e n s i n g u n i t . It c o m prises a removable unfiltered water storage container supported above a f i l t e r e d w a t e r reservoir. T h e c o n t a i n e r h a s a n i n l e t for u n f i l t e r e d w a t e r , a n d a n o u t l e t c o m m u n i c a t i n g w i t h t h e reservoir, w i t h t h e w a t e r in t h e c o n t a i n e r e x p o s e d to a t m o s p h e r i c p r e s s u r e . T h e f i l t e r e d water reservoir communicates with a d i s p e n s i n g o u t l e t / t a p , w h i c h in its c l o s e d position resists the hydrostatic pressure o f t h e w a t e r in t h e r e s e r v o i r a n d t h e container. A removable unit seals the r e s e r v o i r to t h e c o n t a i n e r , a n d a r e m o v a b l e filter is l o c a t e d w i t h i n t h e u n f i l t e r e d w a t e r c o n t a i n e r so t h a t w a t e r f l o w s t h r o u g h t h e filter by g r a v i t y feed a s f i l t e r e d w a t e r is d i s p e n s e d f r o m t h e reservoir.
Filter for milk In GB 2 2 7 6 0 9 6 Arabic E q u i p m e n t Ltd describes a milk filter comprising a h o u s i n g w i t h a n inlet a n d a n o u t l e t , a n d e n c l o s i n g a t u b u l a r filter e l e m e n t . T h i s is m a d e f r o m a s h e e t of n o n - s h a p e - r e t a i n i n g b o n d e d fibre m a t e r i a l , h e l d b e t w e e n two s u p p o r t i n g m e m b e r s to c o n s t r a i n it to a pleated configuration. One of the supp o r t i n g m e m b e r s is in t h e f o r m o f a core. This comprises a hollow perforated tube with a number of radially projecting perforated vanes. The other supporting member comprises parallel perforated e l o n g a t e d ribs c o n n e c t e d t o g e t h e r by a t l e a s t o n e flexible e l e m e n t , so t h a t t h i s m e m b e r c a n be w r a p p e d a r o u n d t h e core to h o l d t h e filter m a t e r i a l a g a i n s t t h e core. E n d c a p s a n d a n o u t e r s t o c k i n e t t e filter sleeve a r e t h e n a d d e d . T h e filter e l e m e n t is d i s m a n t l e d a n d t h e f i l t e r m a t e r i a l s r e p l a c e d w h e n it b e c o m e s clogged. [] In the UK British Patent speeid~ctttgons cam be ordered from: The Patent Office (Sales Branvh) Unit 6, N i n e Mile Point ~elinfach, Crosskeys Newport, Gwent NP1 7HZ, UK~ Tel: 01495 201100 49