Fine particulate matter collected in Dakar city (Senegal): Relationship between physicochemical characterization and toxicity in BEAS-2B cells

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Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 205S (2011) S60–S179

involved in the induced apoptosis. In this context, we have hypothesized that an exogenous supply of omega-3 fatty acids, known to affect membrane composition and microstructure, might interfere with B[a]P effects. Methods: DHA and EPA were tested on B[a]Pinduced apoptosis in two cell types: liver epithelial cell line F258 and liver epithelial cancer cell line Hepa1c1c7 (Holme et al., 2007). Membrane remodeling was visualized by GM1 staining using FITCcoupled cholera toxin fragment B. DNA damages were measured by 32 P post-labelling (adducts) and COMET assay using+-fpg for oxidative DNA damage; and B[a]P metabolism analyzed by HPLC. Results: Both omega-3 inhibited B[a]P-induced apoptosis in F258 cells without modifying B[a]P metabolism. EPA had no effects on B[a]P-induced DNA damage, whereas DHA increased the level of DNA adducts somewhat. More markedly, the B[a]P-induced GM1 reorganisation was prevented, and lipid composition of rafts was changed. In contrast to F258 cells, EPA and DHA rather increased B[a]P-induced apoptosis in hepa1c1c7 cells, with a concomitant increase in DNA damage, while no corresponding change in B[a]P metabolism was seen. In total, our results suggest that omega-3 in diet may have effect on biological consequences of PAH exposure. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.436

P1203 Fine particulate matter collected in Dakar city (Senegal): Relationship between physicochemical characterization and toxicity in BEAS-2B cells D. Dieme 1,∗ , S. Billet 1 , M. Cabral-Ndior 1 , G. Garcon 1 , F. Cazier 1 , D. Courcot 1 , A. Diouf 2 , P. Shirali 1 1

Unité De Chimie Environnementale Et Interactions Sur Le Vivant, Ea 4492, Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, Dunkerque, France, 2 Laboratoire De Toxicologie Et D’hydrologie, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, UCAD, Dakar, Senegal Purpose: Air pollution is an important environmental health risk factor for humans. However, the underlying mechanisms of action whereby particulate matter (PM) cause adverse health effects are still unclear. In this work, air pollution PM2.5 samples were collected in two urban sites (Fann and Faidherbe) in Dakar (Senegal) and in a rural site near Dakar (Ngaparu). The two urban sites mainly differ in the type of used vehicles: in Fann, most of the traffic is made of buses, which are absent in Faidherbe. After the determination of the toxicologically relevant physicochemical characteristics of the three PM2.5 samples, their ability to produce oxidative stress (MalonDiAldehyde, MDA; glutathione; SuperOxide Dismutase, SOD) and inflammation (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNF-␣; InterLeukin-1b, IL-1b; InterLeukin-6; InterLeukin-8, IL-8) were evaluated in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). Methods: The three PM2.5 samples were collected by using high volume cascade impactors, and their physicochemical characterization was realized: size distribution (SEM), specific surface area (BET method), inorganic elements (ICP-MS), ionic species (IC), and organic chemicals (GC–MS). Oxidative stress and inflammation were investigated 24 to 72 h after BEAS-2B cell exposure to PM2.5 samples (3 ␮g/cm2 or 12 ␮g/cm2 ) by studying MDA and glutathione (HPLC-Fluorescence), SOD (colorimetry), and TNF ␣, IL-1b, IL-6, and IL-8 gene expression (RT-qPCR) and protein secretion (ELISA). Results of the study: The physicochemical characteristics of the three PM2.5 samples confirmed their urban or rural emission sources. Both their inorganic and organic chemicals within the three PM2.5 samples might be involved in oxidative alteration and inflammatory mediator secretion in BEAS-2B cells. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.437

P1204 Determination of BTEX metabolites in urine and plasma of occupationally exposed workers and non-exposed individuals E. Dural 1,∗ , G. Mergen 1 , B. I˙ s¸iner 2 , E. Boran 1 , A. Bacaksız 1 , T. Söylemezo˘glu 1 1

Forensic Toxicology, Ankara University, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ankara, Turkey, 2 Chemistry, Mehmet Akif University, Burdur, Turkey

Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-, m-, p-xylenes (BTEX) compounds are important family of organopollutants, components of gasoline and aviation fuels, and widely used in industrial synthesis. These compounds can have serious health consequences like neurological diseases or cancer. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-, m-, p-xylenes metabolize to phenol, hippuric acid (HA), mandelic acid (MA), o-, m-, p-methyl hippuric acid (MHA), respectively. In this study, quantitative analysis for BTEX metabolites in urine was performed and the method was validated based on detected levels of exposed and non-exposed individuals. Urine samples of 61 paint workers and 61 control subjects were collected from volunteers living in Ankara, Turkey. Analysis was performed by high performance liquid chromatograph-ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV). The developed method showed high selectivity, sensitivity, repeatability, recovery and linearity (r2 ≥ 0.997). The values of metabolites were determined and corrected according to creatinine; phenol, HA, MA, o-, m-, p-MHA levels of subjects exposed to BTEX were ranges of 0.01–27.80 ␮g/mL, 12.20–1785.00 ␮g/mL, 0.02–144.00 ␮g/mL, 0.85–41.20 ␮g/mL, 1.25–53.20 ␮g/mL, 1.37–35.30 ␮g/mL, respectively; whereas the values of non-exposed group were 0.01–0.24 ␮g/mL, 1.1–52 ␮g/mL, 0.01–0.11 ␮g/mL, 0.01–12.20 ␮g/mL, 0.01–7.10 ␮g/mL, 0.01–6.70 ␮g/mL, respectively. The values of exposed group were markedly higher than the control group in terms of BTEX metabolites indicating the occupational exposure. On the other hand, BTEX metabolites were also detected unexpectedly in the control group which determined the threat of the inevitable environmental exposure. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.438

P1205 Determination of phthalate levels in maternal placenta and urine E. Dural 1,∗ , B. Koc¸ 1 , Z. Kayaaltı 2 , B. I˙ s¸iner 3 , E. Boran 1 , T. Söylemezo˘glu 1 1

Forensic Toxicology, Ankara University, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ankara, Turkey, 2 Forensic Genetic, Ankara University, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ankara, Turkey, 3 Chemisty, Mehmet Akif University, Burdur, Turkey Phthalates are a group of phthalic acid esters that are ubiquitous in our society and may have adverse health effects in humans. Several phthalates have carcinogenic effects. In addition, some phthalates and their metabolic products act functionally as antiandrogens during the prenatal period causing reproductive and developmental toxicities in human. It is therefore of interest to evaluate exposure to phthalates in pregnant women. In this study, a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method was developed for the quantitative analysis of dibutyl phthalate (DBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBzP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in pregnant women’s urine and placenta. The