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Finite element codes for microcomputers—an addendum
Computers & Structures Vol. 28, No. 6, pp. 797-814, 1988 Printed in Great Britain.
0045-7949/88 $3,00+ 0.00 © 1988 Pergamon Press pie
COMPENDIUM FINITE ELEMENT CODES FOR MICROCOMPUTERS--AN ADDENDUM JAROSLAV MACKERLE Linktping Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, S-581 83 Linktping, Sweden
(Received 5 May 1987) Abstract--The applications of microcomputers in structural analysis and design are becoming very common these days as the price of hardware is decreasing dramatically all the time. New programs are/have been developed in many countries and appear on the market, both as commercial or academic programs. Graphical interactive facilities of microcomputers including color graphics are now taken for granted. This paper is a continuationof a previously published reviewby the present author (Finite element codes for microcomputers--a review, Cornput. Struct. 24, 657-682, 1986) and it is written in the same form. The programs are presented in descriptive and tabular sections. They have been extracted from the structural mechanics database MAKEBASE, developed by the present author.
INTRODUCTION
Information about many finite element programs developed for/implemented on microcomputers has been present in recent years. The present program presentation is an addendum to a previously published paper [1]. The engineering applications of the microcomputers in the field of structural mechanics are rapidly expanding. New sophisticated programs based on the finite element technique appear on the market. The systematic use of graphic facilities for preprocessing and postprocessing is receiving an increasing attention. The objective of the paper is to review the software based on the finite element method.
The descriptive part for each finite element program consists of the following sections: --program name --source for program information --program category (program origin, status and application) --program description ----element library --material library - - b o u n d a r y conditions and loading --notable items --pre/postprocessing --program limitations --hardware requirements --implemented on ~:locumentation. Two program categories according to the user's point of view are represented in the review:
FINITE ELEMENT PROGRAMS FOR MICROCOMPUTERS
To evaluate finite element programs is no easy task. There are two steps in the evaluation. The first one is to evaluate programs from the view of functional description and the program architecture. The second step is an advanced program evaluation which can include element tests, convergence test, efficiency measures, etc. The present paper, representing the first step in the program evaluations, lists finite element programs for microcomputers and describes them in terms of their capabilities. The paper consists of two parts, a descriptive one and a tabular one. The tabular presentation is not as detailed as the descriptive section; it serves as a more convenient comparison of different programs and for a 'quick' dissemination of programs according to their capabilities requested.
--academic programs serving primarily as an educational/research tool, often available for a nominal fee for other users for non-commercial applications; documentation of these programs is often limited; --programs commercially available, tested and fully documented. The originators of presented programs are many, their motivation and qualification varies. Programs chosen for this paper have been developed in different countries within universities, at different research institutes, consulting companies and software houses. The programs described in the following sections are extracted from the finite element/boundary element structural mechanics database MAKEBASE [2-4] being currently developed by the present author at the Linkfping Institute of Technology. This data-
797
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JAROSLAV MACKERLE
base contains at present detailed information about 1400 FE/BE programs and about 24,000 literature references on the subject of finite element/boundary element techniques (theory and application). The updating is on a daily basis. The programs in the survey are: ACES (Australia), AFENA (Australia), AIT (Thailand), ASE (West Germany), Elastoplastic Analysis of Axisymmetric Shells (Portugal), FE2000 (U.S.A.), FEAP (U.S.A.), FEB-SOFEC (West Germany), FEDBA/INFEDBA (Australia), FENAP (U.S.A.), FEODP (U.S.A.), FINESTRA (West Germany), FLASH (Switzerland), FLOSYS (France), FRA/VEGA (Israel), GIFTS (U.S.A.), MicroFe (West Germany), MICROFEA (U.S.A.), MICROFIELD (U.K.), MICROPUS (West Germany), MICROSAFE (U.S.A.), MINDLIN 86 (Italy), PC-MEF (Canada), PCSAP (Australia), PEPSY (West Germany), PERFINE (U.K.), PSTAR (Switzerland), SCADA (U.S.A.), SNAP/FE (U.S.A.), SSt-micro (West Germany), STAR (West Germany), TABU (Italy) and TSTAR (Switzerland). Program name: A C E S
Source for program information: Chan Computing Services, 122 Smart Road, St. Agnes, SA 5097, Australia. Program category: program origin--consulting company. Status--fully operational. Application-analysis of civil engineering structures, frames; linear elastic static analysis. Program description: ACES is a program for linear elastic, static analysis of 2-D and 3-D arbitrary structures. Frame members may be prismatic, tapered or pipe sections. A wave-front renumbering scheme. Only the non-zero submatrices are stored in the overall stiffness matrix and the number of arithmetical operations has been minimized. Element library: linear members, triangular and quadrilateral membrane elements, plates and shells, triangular and rectangular prisms, tetrahedral elements, 2-D and 3-D isoparametric elements. Material library: isotropic, linear elastic material properties. Boundary conditions and loading: nodal loads, member loads (uniform, concentrated or trapezoidal), element loads (uniform or varying), body forces (gravity or inertia), thermal loads and member distortions. Nodal supports (full, partial or inclinded), elastic supports. Unlimited number of load combinations. Number of load cases limited to 120/DOF (20 for space frames with six DOF). Notable items: free format input. Restart facility. Cyclic symmetry option. Pre-/postprocessing: QIKDRAW system may be used to generate program input including structure definition and load application. Stress, strain, and force contours may be generated. ACPLOT may be used to interactively display bending moment
diagrams and deflected shapes. Plots and/or printer plots as requested. Program limitations: problem limit depends on computer used. In all cases, over 1000 nodes, members or elements can be handled. Hardware requirements: not known to the author. Implemented on: mainframes, minicomputers, Wang, Apollo, IBM PC. Documentation: fully descriptive manual is available. Program name: A F E N A [5]
Source for program information: School of Civil and Mining Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Program category: program origin--university. Status--fully operational. Application--linear and nonlinear static analysis, heat transfer analysis. Analysis of geotechnical problems, soil-structure interaction. Program description: the program can analyze problems in elastostatics, physical problems governed by the Laplace equation, fluid mechanics (Navier-Stokes equation), statics of bodies of finite strength (elastoplastic problems), coupled problems such as consolidation and the dynamics of elastic bodies. Transient heat flow problems can be analyzed. Problems involving non-symmetric stiffness matrices may also be solved. Element library: elements are available for problems in 1, 2 and 3 spatial dimensions and sometimes the time domain. Beams, solid elements, axisymmetric elements, joint and springs are available. Isoparametric formulation. Material library: isotropic and cross-anisotropic elastic, Mohr-Coulomb, non-associated flow rule. Boundary conditions and loading: problem symmetry can be taken into account. Multiconstraint relations can be defined. Loads permitted: concentrated, distributed, volume loads, thermal loads. Presetting of the Gauss point stresses is possible. Notable items: substructuring and restart options. A set of macro commands allows the user to define his/her own algorithm. Applications in geomechanics such as consolidation, construction, excavation, interactive construction and excavation, etc. can be handled. Pre-postprocessing: a limited automatic mesh generation is included. CHKFE and CONTUR are interactive graphics programs available. CHKFE is a preprocessor program, CONTUR is a plot program. Program limitations: depend on hardware configuration; 500-600 DOF may be solved without problems. Hardware requirements: 640KB RAM, 8087 or 80287 co-processor is recommended. MS-DOS operating system. Implemented on: Prime, VAX minicomputers. IBM PC/XT/AT, Apricot PC and compatibles.
Finite element codes for microcomputers--a review Documentation: Users manual with worked examples. Program name: A I T [6]
Source for program information: Division of Structural Engineering and Construction, Asian Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2754, Bangkok 10501, Thailand. Microcomputer version is available to general users. Program category: program origin--university. Status--fully operational. Application--linear static and dynamic analysis of general structures. Program description: Analysis Interpretive Treatise (AIT) is a symbolic manipulation program. It has been written to serve as an educational tool in structural analysis and elementary finite element methods. The program is organized in modules and all data units are stored in the centralized data bank. Each processor has one specific purpose for data processing. Processors available: matrix manipulations and operations, generation of characteristic arrays, and general finite element operations. Mainframe and microcomputer versions exist. Element library: plane stress/strain element, axisymmetric solid element, plane truss element, space truss element, plane beam element, space beam element, St Venant torsion element, Hertzian contact element, Mindlin plate element and degenerated shell element. User-defined elements can be included. Material library: isotropic, linear elastic material properties. Boundary conditions and loading: mechanical loads, torsion. Notable items: substructuring and restart options are included. General matrix operations and manipulations. Macro commands option. Multilevel looping capability. Option for in-core or secondary storage for larger arrays. Pre-/postprocessing: mesh generation is possible. Several domains can be handled in the same job for multidomain interactions. Graphic presentation of 2-D meshes and results. Program limitations: medium-size structural problems. Hardware requirements: Apple II microcomputers with two disk drives, and a printer. DOS operating system, Applesoft BASIC language. Implemented on: IBM, CDC mainframe (Fortran). Apple II. Conversion for IBM PC is planned. Documentation: User manual and demo disk. Program name: A S E [7]
Source for program information: C. Katz-FinkStieda, Romerweg l, D-8138 Andechs-Erling, West Germany. Available through FIDES, Zurich, Switzerland. Program category: program origin--consulting company. Status--fully operational. Application--
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linear static and dynamic analysis of spatial structures. Program description: spatial structures like shells or solids can be analyzed. Special program version is available for slabs or plane plates. The modular package consists of several programs which are connected by a database. Dynamic analysis options: eigenvalue analysis and modal response. Element library: beam/truss, flat shell, solid elements. Rigid elements are included. A special pile element with geometric and material nonlinear effects. Material library: linear elastic material properties, isotropic and orthotropic. Boundary conditions and loading: rigid or elastic supports. Loading includes nodal forces, moments, as well as surface and volume loads. Temperature, earth or water pressure and displacement loading is permitted. Notable items: free format input. Node renumbering option. Superposition of loading cases. Rotational symmetry. Reinforced concrete structures can be analyzed. Pre-/postprocessing: module for mesh generation. Graphical display of results. Program limitations: not known to the author. Hardware requirements: microcomputers working under CP/M-80 and MS-DOS. 2 MB hard disk is required. The program is written in F O R T R A N 77. Implemented on: microcomputers supporting FORTRAN 77. Documentation: not known to the author. Program name: Elastoplastic Analysis o f Axisymmetric Shells [8]
Source for program information: CEMUL, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1096 Lisboa Codex, Portugal (att. C. M. Mota Soares and J. Moita). Program category: program origin--university. Status--fully operational. Application--analysis of elastoplastic axisymmetric shells. Program description: static analysis of elastoplastic axisymmetric shells can be handled. A nonlayered approach is used with the von Mises yield criterion and the yield surface of Ilyushin, Crisfield and Ivanov. The code is written in BASIC. An alternative version is written in F O R T R A N and implemented on minicomputers. Element library: frustrum conical element with two nodes and six DOF, which is suitable for thin and moderately thick shells with axisymmetric geometry and loading. Material library: isotropic elastoplastic material properties. Boundary conditions and loading: only axisymmetric, distributed loading is permitted. Pre-/postprocessing: not known to the author. Program limitations: problems with 12 elements and
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JAROSLAV MACKERLE
21 load increments (convergence tolerance of 2%) have been analyzed. Hardware requirements: not known to the author. Implemented on: VAX (FORTRAN version) and APPLE IIe (BASIC version). Documentation: published papers. Program name: FE2000
Source for program information: Numerics Corporation, P.O. Box 2512, Southfield, MI 48037, U.S.A. (att. A. Razzaque). Program category: program origin--consulting company. Status--fully operational. Application-general purpose code, linear and nonlinear static analysis, linear dynamic analysis, heat transfer analysis. Program description: FE2000 performs analysis of deflection, stress, vibration, and heat transfer problems, including laminated 'composites, large deflection and plasticity. Element library: 3-D solid elements (hexahedrons and pentahedrons), membranes for plane stress and strain problems, plates, shells, axisymmetric elements, beams, spars, springs, point masses and gap elements. Element types may be combined without restriction. Material library: isotropic and anisotropic linear elastic, nonlinear elastic, elastoplastic. Properties, including stress-strain curves, can be temperature dependent. Boundary conditions and loading: rigid links, multipoint constraints and coupling. Mechanical and thermal loads. Concentrated and distributed, volume loads, non-symmetric loads for axisymmetric problems. Load combination. Torsion problems may be handled. Notable items: internal bandwidth minimizer, restart option, design code check. Optional interface to ABAQUS, ANSYS and NASTRAN input data files. Pre-/postprocessing: free fromat input. Interactive graphics preprocessor for data generation. Graphical postprocessor displays deformed shape/stress contours. Interfaces also available to PATRAN and MOVIE-BYU. Program limitations: depend on the available hardware. Hardware requirements: 512KB, min. 10MB hard disk. The program is written in FORTRAN 77 and runs under DOS, Xenix, VMS, Primos. Implemented on: wide range of computers, from the PCs to the supercomputers. IBM PC/AT and compatibles. Documentation: self-documenting with extensive external documentation. Program name: F E A P
Source for program information: Department of Civil Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A. (att. R. L. Taylor).
Program category: program origin--university. Status--fully operational. Application--linear and nonlinear static and dynamic problems, heat transfer analysis. Program description: the program is designed for a research, educational, or application environment which requires frequent modifications to meet each new problem area or analysis requirement. The system has been developed on virtual memory computers, primarily those operating in a Berkeley UNIX 4.2 BSD environment and VMS, as well as IBM PC systems. The program consists of several general modules: problem control, problem definition and mesh input, element library, problem solution, and graphics outputs. The problem solution module is centered around a unique macro programming language concept in which the solution algorithm is written by the user. FEAP is a general purpose program and may be operated in a batch or interactive mode. Element library: all element types are available for plane and space problems. Special elements: gap, spring, variable DOF, fluid elements, stiffeners. User-defined elements can be included. Material library: isotropic, linear elastic, nonlinear elastic, elastoplastic, viscoelastic, incompressible. Boundary conditions and loading: contact problems can be solved, elastic foundation is permitted. Arbitrary mechanical and thermal loads. Notable items: free format input, cyclic symmetry, restart option. Each user may modify the program by adding new language features to meet his/her specific application requirements. Pre-/postprocessing: mesh generation, plotting of resuits. Interactive graphics is generally for 2-D applications using Tektronix color devices (4105 or higher capability). Program limitations: depend on hardware configuration. Hardware requirements: not known to the author. Implemented on: IBM, Amdahi, DEC, VAX, IBM PC. Documentation: Users manual. Program name: F E B - S O F E C
Source for program information: soFEc, Brigitte Giazitzis, Lothringer Str. 32, 5014 Kerpen, West Germany. Program category: program origin--consulting company. Status--fully operational. Application-linear static and dynamic analysis of general structures. Program description: general purpose program, linear elastic static and dynamic analyses can be performed. The program is written direct for the microcomputer environment. It consists of different parts: data generation, profile and bandwidth optimizer, analysis module, and graphical postprocessing. Element library: beam, membrane, plate, shell, 3-D
0045-7949/88 $3,00+ 0.00 © 1988 Pergamon Press pie
COMPENDIUM FINITE ELEMENT CODES FOR MICROCOMPUTERS--AN ADDENDUM JAROSLAV MACKERLE Linktping Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, S-581 83 Linktping, Sweden
(Received 5 May 1987) Abstract--The applications of microcomputers in structural analysis and design are becoming very common these days as the price of hardware is decreasing dramatically all the time. New programs are/have been developed in many countries and appear on the market, both as commercial or academic programs. Graphical interactive facilities of microcomputers including color graphics are now taken for granted. This paper is a continuationof a previously published reviewby the present author (Finite element codes for microcomputers--a review, Cornput. Struct. 24, 657-682, 1986) and it is written in the same form. The programs are presented in descriptive and tabular sections. They have been extracted from the structural mechanics database MAKEBASE, developed by the present author.
INTRODUCTION
Information about many finite element programs developed for/implemented on microcomputers has been present in recent years. The present program presentation is an addendum to a previously published paper [1]. The engineering applications of the microcomputers in the field of structural mechanics are rapidly expanding. New sophisticated programs based on the finite element technique appear on the market. The systematic use of graphic facilities for preprocessing and postprocessing is receiving an increasing attention. The objective of the paper is to review the software based on the finite element method.
The descriptive part for each finite element program consists of the following sections: --program name --source for program information --program category (program origin, status and application) --program description ----element library --material library - - b o u n d a r y conditions and loading --notable items --pre/postprocessing --program limitations --hardware requirements --implemented on ~:locumentation. Two program categories according to the user's point of view are represented in the review:
FINITE ELEMENT PROGRAMS FOR MICROCOMPUTERS
To evaluate finite element programs is no easy task. There are two steps in the evaluation. The first one is to evaluate programs from the view of functional description and the program architecture. The second step is an advanced program evaluation which can include element tests, convergence test, efficiency measures, etc. The present paper, representing the first step in the program evaluations, lists finite element programs for microcomputers and describes them in terms of their capabilities. The paper consists of two parts, a descriptive one and a tabular one. The tabular presentation is not as detailed as the descriptive section; it serves as a more convenient comparison of different programs and for a 'quick' dissemination of programs according to their capabilities requested.
--academic programs serving primarily as an educational/research tool, often available for a nominal fee for other users for non-commercial applications; documentation of these programs is often limited; --programs commercially available, tested and fully documented. The originators of presented programs are many, their motivation and qualification varies. Programs chosen for this paper have been developed in different countries within universities, at different research institutes, consulting companies and software houses. The programs described in the following sections are extracted from the finite element/boundary element structural mechanics database MAKEBASE [2-4] being currently developed by the present author at the Linkfping Institute of Technology. This data-
797
798
JAROSLAV MACKERLE
base contains at present detailed information about 1400 FE/BE programs and about 24,000 literature references on the subject of finite element/boundary element techniques (theory and application). The updating is on a daily basis. The programs in the survey are: ACES (Australia), AFENA (Australia), AIT (Thailand), ASE (West Germany), Elastoplastic Analysis of Axisymmetric Shells (Portugal), FE2000 (U.S.A.), FEAP (U.S.A.), FEB-SOFEC (West Germany), FEDBA/INFEDBA (Australia), FENAP (U.S.A.), FEODP (U.S.A.), FINESTRA (West Germany), FLASH (Switzerland), FLOSYS (France), FRA/VEGA (Israel), GIFTS (U.S.A.), MicroFe (West Germany), MICROFEA (U.S.A.), MICROFIELD (U.K.), MICROPUS (West Germany), MICROSAFE (U.S.A.), MINDLIN 86 (Italy), PC-MEF (Canada), PCSAP (Australia), PEPSY (West Germany), PERFINE (U.K.), PSTAR (Switzerland), SCADA (U.S.A.), SNAP/FE (U.S.A.), SSt-micro (West Germany), STAR (West Germany), TABU (Italy) and TSTAR (Switzerland). Program name: A C E S
Source for program information: Chan Computing Services, 122 Smart Road, St. Agnes, SA 5097, Australia. Program category: program origin--consulting company. Status--fully operational. Application-analysis of civil engineering structures, frames; linear elastic static analysis. Program description: ACES is a program for linear elastic, static analysis of 2-D and 3-D arbitrary structures. Frame members may be prismatic, tapered or pipe sections. A wave-front renumbering scheme. Only the non-zero submatrices are stored in the overall stiffness matrix and the number of arithmetical operations has been minimized. Element library: linear members, triangular and quadrilateral membrane elements, plates and shells, triangular and rectangular prisms, tetrahedral elements, 2-D and 3-D isoparametric elements. Material library: isotropic, linear elastic material properties. Boundary conditions and loading: nodal loads, member loads (uniform, concentrated or trapezoidal), element loads (uniform or varying), body forces (gravity or inertia), thermal loads and member distortions. Nodal supports (full, partial or inclinded), elastic supports. Unlimited number of load combinations. Number of load cases limited to 120/DOF (20 for space frames with six DOF). Notable items: free format input. Restart facility. Cyclic symmetry option. Pre-/postprocessing: QIKDRAW system may be used to generate program input including structure definition and load application. Stress, strain, and force contours may be generated. ACPLOT may be used to interactively display bending moment
diagrams and deflected shapes. Plots and/or printer plots as requested. Program limitations: problem limit depends on computer used. In all cases, over 1000 nodes, members or elements can be handled. Hardware requirements: not known to the author. Implemented on: mainframes, minicomputers, Wang, Apollo, IBM PC. Documentation: fully descriptive manual is available. Program name: A F E N A [5]
Source for program information: School of Civil and Mining Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Program category: program origin--university. Status--fully operational. Application--linear and nonlinear static analysis, heat transfer analysis. Analysis of geotechnical problems, soil-structure interaction. Program description: the program can analyze problems in elastostatics, physical problems governed by the Laplace equation, fluid mechanics (Navier-Stokes equation), statics of bodies of finite strength (elastoplastic problems), coupled problems such as consolidation and the dynamics of elastic bodies. Transient heat flow problems can be analyzed. Problems involving non-symmetric stiffness matrices may also be solved. Element library: elements are available for problems in 1, 2 and 3 spatial dimensions and sometimes the time domain. Beams, solid elements, axisymmetric elements, joint and springs are available. Isoparametric formulation. Material library: isotropic and cross-anisotropic elastic, Mohr-Coulomb, non-associated flow rule. Boundary conditions and loading: problem symmetry can be taken into account. Multiconstraint relations can be defined. Loads permitted: concentrated, distributed, volume loads, thermal loads. Presetting of the Gauss point stresses is possible. Notable items: substructuring and restart options. A set of macro commands allows the user to define his/her own algorithm. Applications in geomechanics such as consolidation, construction, excavation, interactive construction and excavation, etc. can be handled. Pre-postprocessing: a limited automatic mesh generation is included. CHKFE and CONTUR are interactive graphics programs available. CHKFE is a preprocessor program, CONTUR is a plot program. Program limitations: depend on hardware configuration; 500-600 DOF may be solved without problems. Hardware requirements: 640KB RAM, 8087 or 80287 co-processor is recommended. MS-DOS operating system. Implemented on: Prime, VAX minicomputers. IBM PC/XT/AT, Apricot PC and compatibles.
Finite element codes for microcomputers--a review Documentation: Users manual with worked examples. Program name: A I T [6]
Source for program information: Division of Structural Engineering and Construction, Asian Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2754, Bangkok 10501, Thailand. Microcomputer version is available to general users. Program category: program origin--university. Status--fully operational. Application--linear static and dynamic analysis of general structures. Program description: Analysis Interpretive Treatise (AIT) is a symbolic manipulation program. It has been written to serve as an educational tool in structural analysis and elementary finite element methods. The program is organized in modules and all data units are stored in the centralized data bank. Each processor has one specific purpose for data processing. Processors available: matrix manipulations and operations, generation of characteristic arrays, and general finite element operations. Mainframe and microcomputer versions exist. Element library: plane stress/strain element, axisymmetric solid element, plane truss element, space truss element, plane beam element, space beam element, St Venant torsion element, Hertzian contact element, Mindlin plate element and degenerated shell element. User-defined elements can be included. Material library: isotropic, linear elastic material properties. Boundary conditions and loading: mechanical loads, torsion. Notable items: substructuring and restart options are included. General matrix operations and manipulations. Macro commands option. Multilevel looping capability. Option for in-core or secondary storage for larger arrays. Pre-/postprocessing: mesh generation is possible. Several domains can be handled in the same job for multidomain interactions. Graphic presentation of 2-D meshes and results. Program limitations: medium-size structural problems. Hardware requirements: Apple II microcomputers with two disk drives, and a printer. DOS operating system, Applesoft BASIC language. Implemented on: IBM, CDC mainframe (Fortran). Apple II. Conversion for IBM PC is planned. Documentation: User manual and demo disk. Program name: A S E [7]
Source for program information: C. Katz-FinkStieda, Romerweg l, D-8138 Andechs-Erling, West Germany. Available through FIDES, Zurich, Switzerland. Program category: program origin--consulting company. Status--fully operational. Application--
799
linear static and dynamic analysis of spatial structures. Program description: spatial structures like shells or solids can be analyzed. Special program version is available for slabs or plane plates. The modular package consists of several programs which are connected by a database. Dynamic analysis options: eigenvalue analysis and modal response. Element library: beam/truss, flat shell, solid elements. Rigid elements are included. A special pile element with geometric and material nonlinear effects. Material library: linear elastic material properties, isotropic and orthotropic. Boundary conditions and loading: rigid or elastic supports. Loading includes nodal forces, moments, as well as surface and volume loads. Temperature, earth or water pressure and displacement loading is permitted. Notable items: free format input. Node renumbering option. Superposition of loading cases. Rotational symmetry. Reinforced concrete structures can be analyzed. Pre-/postprocessing: module for mesh generation. Graphical display of results. Program limitations: not known to the author. Hardware requirements: microcomputers working under CP/M-80 and MS-DOS. 2 MB hard disk is required. The program is written in F O R T R A N 77. Implemented on: microcomputers supporting FORTRAN 77. Documentation: not known to the author. Program name: Elastoplastic Analysis o f Axisymmetric Shells [8]
Source for program information: CEMUL, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1096 Lisboa Codex, Portugal (att. C. M. Mota Soares and J. Moita). Program category: program origin--university. Status--fully operational. Application--analysis of elastoplastic axisymmetric shells. Program description: static analysis of elastoplastic axisymmetric shells can be handled. A nonlayered approach is used with the von Mises yield criterion and the yield surface of Ilyushin, Crisfield and Ivanov. The code is written in BASIC. An alternative version is written in F O R T R A N and implemented on minicomputers. Element library: frustrum conical element with two nodes and six DOF, which is suitable for thin and moderately thick shells with axisymmetric geometry and loading. Material library: isotropic elastoplastic material properties. Boundary conditions and loading: only axisymmetric, distributed loading is permitted. Pre-/postprocessing: not known to the author. Program limitations: problems with 12 elements and
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JAROSLAV MACKERLE
21 load increments (convergence tolerance of 2%) have been analyzed. Hardware requirements: not known to the author. Implemented on: VAX (FORTRAN version) and APPLE IIe (BASIC version). Documentation: published papers. Program name: FE2000
Source for program information: Numerics Corporation, P.O. Box 2512, Southfield, MI 48037, U.S.A. (att. A. Razzaque). Program category: program origin--consulting company. Status--fully operational. Application-general purpose code, linear and nonlinear static analysis, linear dynamic analysis, heat transfer analysis. Program description: FE2000 performs analysis of deflection, stress, vibration, and heat transfer problems, including laminated 'composites, large deflection and plasticity. Element library: 3-D solid elements (hexahedrons and pentahedrons), membranes for plane stress and strain problems, plates, shells, axisymmetric elements, beams, spars, springs, point masses and gap elements. Element types may be combined without restriction. Material library: isotropic and anisotropic linear elastic, nonlinear elastic, elastoplastic. Properties, including stress-strain curves, can be temperature dependent. Boundary conditions and loading: rigid links, multipoint constraints and coupling. Mechanical and thermal loads. Concentrated and distributed, volume loads, non-symmetric loads for axisymmetric problems. Load combination. Torsion problems may be handled. Notable items: internal bandwidth minimizer, restart option, design code check. Optional interface to ABAQUS, ANSYS and NASTRAN input data files. Pre-/postprocessing: free fromat input. Interactive graphics preprocessor for data generation. Graphical postprocessor displays deformed shape/stress contours. Interfaces also available to PATRAN and MOVIE-BYU. Program limitations: depend on the available hardware. Hardware requirements: 512KB, min. 10MB hard disk. The program is written in FORTRAN 77 and runs under DOS, Xenix, VMS, Primos. Implemented on: wide range of computers, from the PCs to the supercomputers. IBM PC/AT and compatibles. Documentation: self-documenting with extensive external documentation. Program name: F E A P
Source for program information: Department of Civil Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A. (att. R. L. Taylor).
Program category: program origin--university. Status--fully operational. Application--linear and nonlinear static and dynamic problems, heat transfer analysis. Program description: the program is designed for a research, educational, or application environment which requires frequent modifications to meet each new problem area or analysis requirement. The system has been developed on virtual memory computers, primarily those operating in a Berkeley UNIX 4.2 BSD environment and VMS, as well as IBM PC systems. The program consists of several general modules: problem control, problem definition and mesh input, element library, problem solution, and graphics outputs. The problem solution module is centered around a unique macro programming language concept in which the solution algorithm is written by the user. FEAP is a general purpose program and may be operated in a batch or interactive mode. Element library: all element types are available for plane and space problems. Special elements: gap, spring, variable DOF, fluid elements, stiffeners. User-defined elements can be included. Material library: isotropic, linear elastic, nonlinear elastic, elastoplastic, viscoelastic, incompressible. Boundary conditions and loading: contact problems can be solved, elastic foundation is permitted. Arbitrary mechanical and thermal loads. Notable items: free format input, cyclic symmetry, restart option. Each user may modify the program by adding new language features to meet his/her specific application requirements. Pre-/postprocessing: mesh generation, plotting of resuits. Interactive graphics is generally for 2-D applications using Tektronix color devices (4105 or higher capability). Program limitations: depend on hardware configuration. Hardware requirements: not known to the author. Implemented on: IBM, Amdahi, DEC, VAX, IBM PC. Documentation: Users manual. Program name: F E B - S O F E C
Source for program information: soFEc, Brigitte Giazitzis, Lothringer Str. 32, 5014 Kerpen, West Germany. Program category: program origin--consulting company. Status--fully operational. Application-linear static and dynamic analysis of general structures. Program description: general purpose program, linear elastic static and dynamic analyses can be performed. The program is written direct for the microcomputer environment. It consists of different parts: data generation, profile and bandwidth optimizer, analysis module, and graphical postprocessing. Element library: beam, membrane, plate, shell, 3-D