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First International Symposium on philosophy and history in analytical chemistry
754
C. Chemical Oceanography
C210. Pollution (see also B350-Atmospheric pollution, Cll0-Radioactivity, radioisotopes, E300-Effects of pollution, F250W a s t e disposal)
87:5018 Breder, R., 1987. Distribution of heavy metals in Ligurian and Tyrrhenian coastal waters. Sci. total Environment, 60: 197-212. Inst. of Applied Physical Chem., Nuclear Res. Center, Julich, P.O. Box 1913, D-5170 Julich, FRG. 87-5019 Dzombak, D.A. and F.M.M. Morel, 1987. Adsorption of inorganic pollutants in aquatic systems. J. hydraul. Engng, Am. Soc. cir. Engrs, 113(4):430475. Adsorption of inorganic solutes is viewed as a site-specific process in which ions bind (chemically) at functional groups on particle surfaces. Surface complexation reactions are distinguished from reactions among monomeric solutes. Electrostatic effects are accounted for by applying a coulombic correction factor (activity coefficient) to intrinsic surface complexation constants. These models can be used to predict inorganic ion adsorption on hydrous oxides for changing solution conditions on the basis of fewer data. Includes 116 references. Engr,, Rizzo Assoc., Inc., 10 Duff Rd., Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15235, USA.
87:5020 Hall, L.W. Jr., M.J. Lenkevich, W.S. Hall and A.E. Pinkney, 1987. Evaluation of butyltin compounds in Maryland waters of Chesapeake Bay. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 18(2):78-83. Johns Hopkins Univ., APL, Aquatic Ecol. Section, Shady Side, MD 20764, USA. 87:5021 Langlois, D., R.J. Cooper, N.H. Clark and D.A. Ratkowsky, 1987, The effect of a mercury containment programme at a zinc smelting plant on the mercury content of sand flathead in the Derwent Estuary. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 18(2):67-70. Electrolytic Zinc Co. of Australasia Ltd., Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. 87:5022 Macko, S.A., J.K. Winters and P.L. Parker, 1987. High molecular weight hydrocarbons in particulate matter of the northwest Gulf of Mexico. Mar. environ. Res., 21(1):3-9. A study of hydrocarbons suspended in particulate matter isolated from surface waters of the Gulf of Mexico was conducted in 1977. This paper docu-
OI.R (1987) 34 (91
ments baseline concentrations of saturate and aromatic components which appear to have a petroleum origin prior to recent major oil spills in the Gulf. Whereas the particulates did not appear to contain pelagic tar and did contain several components with characteristic mass spectra of natural marine hydrocarbons, unequivocal mass spectra of numerous non-pyrogenic PAH were obtained. Normal alkane concentrations decreased with distance from shore: however, PAH tended to be more concentrated offshore. This distribution may be related to a shore source near the study site or the result of water mass variations on the shelf. Dept. of Earth Sci., Memorial Univ. of Newfoundland, St. John's, NF, A1B 3X5, Canada.
87:5023 Samhan, Omar, Mazin Zarba and Victor Anderlini, 1987. Multivariate geochemical investigation of trace metal pollution in Kuwait marine sediments. Mar. environ. Res., 21(1):31-48. Environ. and Earth Sci. Div., Kuwait Inst. for Sci. Res., P.O. Box 24885, Safat, Kuwait. 87:5024 Shiber, J.G., 1987. Plastic pellets and tar on Spain's Mediterranean beaches. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 18(2):84-86. Calle Ronda 7-3A, 29680 Estepona, Malaga, Spain. 87:5025 Veron, Alain, C.E. Lambert, Ann Isley, Philippe Linet and Francis Grousset, 1987. Evidence of recent lead pollution in deep northeast Atlantic sediments. Nature, Lond., 326(6110):278-281. In two short cores from the NE Atlantic, lead concentrations in surficial sediments (21.0 and 15.0 ppm in the top cm) are higher than in the uppermost 10 cm of the cores (6.0 and 2.8 ppm), and are likely to be enhanced from anthropogenic sources. The quantity of lead stored in these surficial sediments (5.7 and 2.5 /xg cm-~) is of the same order as the amount of pollutant lead present in the dissolved state in the water column. Centre des Faibles Radioactivites, Domaine du CNRS, 91190 Gifsur-Yvette, France.
C280. Books, collections (general) 87:5026 Malissa, H. et al., 1987. First International Symposium on philosophy and history in analytical chemistry. Wien, November 22-23, 1985. Z. analyt. Chem,, 326(4):301-330; 9 papers.
OLR (1987)34(9)
755
Two of the seven lectures presented here represent viewpoints on analytical chemistry from outside the field: one from a philosopher of science on the role of synthetic and analytical thinking in science as it applies to this field and one from a theoretical physicist on 'fascination and essentials' in analytical
chemistry. The remaining contributions deal with topics such as analytical chemistry within the context of 'moderate scientism,' autonomy of the field, the philosophy of chemometrics, characterization of methods by systems theory and truth in science (deduction vs induction). (gsb)
D. SUBMARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS DI0. Apparatus and methods 87:5027 Gardner, T.W., D.W. Jorgensen, Christopher Shuman and C.R. Lemieux, 1987. Geomorphic and tectonic process rates: effects of measured time interval. Geology, geol. Soc. Am., 15(3):259261. Operationally, it is rather widely assumed in geological calculations that calculation of a process rate removes the effect of time, and thus a change in rate is truly a change over time. But analysis of numerous geomorphic and tectonic process data shows that many rates are inversely related to the time interval selected; that is, over an increasing time interval the mean rate is likely to decrease. One way to correct such bias (thus enabling intercomparison of data using different sampling intervals) is to statistically derive scaling functions. Examples are presented which show that a 4-5 order-of-magnitude difference in time interval is likely to be accompanied by a single order-of-magnitude change in process rate. Dept. of Geosci., Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA 16802, USA. (fcs)
87:5028 Kiemperer, S.L. and J.H. Luetgert, 1987. A comparison of reflection and refraction processing and interpretation methods applied to conventional refraction data from coastal Maine. Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 77(2):614-630. A 100-km strike-line in coastal Maine, west of Penobscot Bay, is interpreted on the basis of both refracted and reflected phases. Conventional raytracing analysis constrains the velocity structure to ~ 1 4 km depth, and provides evidence for high-
velocity material (~6.5 km/sec) from 4-7 km and for lower velocities (~6.3 km/sec) from 7 km to at least 14 km depth. The velocity analysis of reflection data confirms the existence of this zone of reduced velocity. BIRPS, Bullard Lab., Dept. of Earth Sci., Madingley Rise, Madingley Rd., Cambridge CB3 0EZ, UK. 87:5029 Vaage, S. and B. Ursin, 1987. Computation of signatures of linear airgun arrays. Geophys. Prospect., 35(3):281-287. SERES A/S, P.O. Box 1965, Moholtan, 7001 Trondheim, Norway.
87:5030 Williams, A.T., R.G. Miles and G. Tough, 1987. Computer characterization of aspects of grainedge roughness using the scanning electron microscope. Mar. Geol., 74(3-4):291-294. Coastal Res. Unit, Sci. Dept., Polytechnic of Wales, Pontypridd, Mid-Glamorgan, Wales CF37 1DL, UK.
D40. Area studies, surveys, bathymetry 87:5031 Missegue, Francois and J.-Y. Collot, 1987. Geophysical study of the Chesterfield Plateau (SW Pacific). Preliminary results of the ZOE200 cruise (R/V Coriolis). C. r. Acad. Sci., Paris, (S~r. II)304(7):279-283. (In French, English abstract.) The Chesterfield Plateau, an elevated feature near the northern end of the Lord Howe Rise, consists of two very shallow (45-80 m) platforms with an area of ~16,000 km 2. Geophysical data suggest that it
C. Chemical Oceanography
C210. Pollution (see also B350-Atmospheric pollution, Cll0-Radioactivity, radioisotopes, E300-Effects of pollution, F250W a s t e disposal)
87:5018 Breder, R., 1987. Distribution of heavy metals in Ligurian and Tyrrhenian coastal waters. Sci. total Environment, 60: 197-212. Inst. of Applied Physical Chem., Nuclear Res. Center, Julich, P.O. Box 1913, D-5170 Julich, FRG. 87-5019 Dzombak, D.A. and F.M.M. Morel, 1987. Adsorption of inorganic pollutants in aquatic systems. J. hydraul. Engng, Am. Soc. cir. Engrs, 113(4):430475. Adsorption of inorganic solutes is viewed as a site-specific process in which ions bind (chemically) at functional groups on particle surfaces. Surface complexation reactions are distinguished from reactions among monomeric solutes. Electrostatic effects are accounted for by applying a coulombic correction factor (activity coefficient) to intrinsic surface complexation constants. These models can be used to predict inorganic ion adsorption on hydrous oxides for changing solution conditions on the basis of fewer data. Includes 116 references. Engr,, Rizzo Assoc., Inc., 10 Duff Rd., Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15235, USA.
87:5020 Hall, L.W. Jr., M.J. Lenkevich, W.S. Hall and A.E. Pinkney, 1987. Evaluation of butyltin compounds in Maryland waters of Chesapeake Bay. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 18(2):78-83. Johns Hopkins Univ., APL, Aquatic Ecol. Section, Shady Side, MD 20764, USA. 87:5021 Langlois, D., R.J. Cooper, N.H. Clark and D.A. Ratkowsky, 1987, The effect of a mercury containment programme at a zinc smelting plant on the mercury content of sand flathead in the Derwent Estuary. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 18(2):67-70. Electrolytic Zinc Co. of Australasia Ltd., Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. 87:5022 Macko, S.A., J.K. Winters and P.L. Parker, 1987. High molecular weight hydrocarbons in particulate matter of the northwest Gulf of Mexico. Mar. environ. Res., 21(1):3-9. A study of hydrocarbons suspended in particulate matter isolated from surface waters of the Gulf of Mexico was conducted in 1977. This paper docu-
OI.R (1987) 34 (91
ments baseline concentrations of saturate and aromatic components which appear to have a petroleum origin prior to recent major oil spills in the Gulf. Whereas the particulates did not appear to contain pelagic tar and did contain several components with characteristic mass spectra of natural marine hydrocarbons, unequivocal mass spectra of numerous non-pyrogenic PAH were obtained. Normal alkane concentrations decreased with distance from shore: however, PAH tended to be more concentrated offshore. This distribution may be related to a shore source near the study site or the result of water mass variations on the shelf. Dept. of Earth Sci., Memorial Univ. of Newfoundland, St. John's, NF, A1B 3X5, Canada.
87:5023 Samhan, Omar, Mazin Zarba and Victor Anderlini, 1987. Multivariate geochemical investigation of trace metal pollution in Kuwait marine sediments. Mar. environ. Res., 21(1):31-48. Environ. and Earth Sci. Div., Kuwait Inst. for Sci. Res., P.O. Box 24885, Safat, Kuwait. 87:5024 Shiber, J.G., 1987. Plastic pellets and tar on Spain's Mediterranean beaches. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 18(2):84-86. Calle Ronda 7-3A, 29680 Estepona, Malaga, Spain. 87:5025 Veron, Alain, C.E. Lambert, Ann Isley, Philippe Linet and Francis Grousset, 1987. Evidence of recent lead pollution in deep northeast Atlantic sediments. Nature, Lond., 326(6110):278-281. In two short cores from the NE Atlantic, lead concentrations in surficial sediments (21.0 and 15.0 ppm in the top cm) are higher than in the uppermost 10 cm of the cores (6.0 and 2.8 ppm), and are likely to be enhanced from anthropogenic sources. The quantity of lead stored in these surficial sediments (5.7 and 2.5 /xg cm-~) is of the same order as the amount of pollutant lead present in the dissolved state in the water column. Centre des Faibles Radioactivites, Domaine du CNRS, 91190 Gifsur-Yvette, France.
C280. Books, collections (general) 87:5026 Malissa, H. et al., 1987. First International Symposium on philosophy and history in analytical chemistry. Wien, November 22-23, 1985. Z. analyt. Chem,, 326(4):301-330; 9 papers.
OLR (1987)34(9)
755
Two of the seven lectures presented here represent viewpoints on analytical chemistry from outside the field: one from a philosopher of science on the role of synthetic and analytical thinking in science as it applies to this field and one from a theoretical physicist on 'fascination and essentials' in analytical
chemistry. The remaining contributions deal with topics such as analytical chemistry within the context of 'moderate scientism,' autonomy of the field, the philosophy of chemometrics, characterization of methods by systems theory and truth in science (deduction vs induction). (gsb)
D. SUBMARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS DI0. Apparatus and methods 87:5027 Gardner, T.W., D.W. Jorgensen, Christopher Shuman and C.R. Lemieux, 1987. Geomorphic and tectonic process rates: effects of measured time interval. Geology, geol. Soc. Am., 15(3):259261. Operationally, it is rather widely assumed in geological calculations that calculation of a process rate removes the effect of time, and thus a change in rate is truly a change over time. But analysis of numerous geomorphic and tectonic process data shows that many rates are inversely related to the time interval selected; that is, over an increasing time interval the mean rate is likely to decrease. One way to correct such bias (thus enabling intercomparison of data using different sampling intervals) is to statistically derive scaling functions. Examples are presented which show that a 4-5 order-of-magnitude difference in time interval is likely to be accompanied by a single order-of-magnitude change in process rate. Dept. of Geosci., Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA 16802, USA. (fcs)
87:5028 Kiemperer, S.L. and J.H. Luetgert, 1987. A comparison of reflection and refraction processing and interpretation methods applied to conventional refraction data from coastal Maine. Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 77(2):614-630. A 100-km strike-line in coastal Maine, west of Penobscot Bay, is interpreted on the basis of both refracted and reflected phases. Conventional raytracing analysis constrains the velocity structure to ~ 1 4 km depth, and provides evidence for high-
velocity material (~6.5 km/sec) from 4-7 km and for lower velocities (~6.3 km/sec) from 7 km to at least 14 km depth. The velocity analysis of reflection data confirms the existence of this zone of reduced velocity. BIRPS, Bullard Lab., Dept. of Earth Sci., Madingley Rise, Madingley Rd., Cambridge CB3 0EZ, UK. 87:5029 Vaage, S. and B. Ursin, 1987. Computation of signatures of linear airgun arrays. Geophys. Prospect., 35(3):281-287. SERES A/S, P.O. Box 1965, Moholtan, 7001 Trondheim, Norway.
87:5030 Williams, A.T., R.G. Miles and G. Tough, 1987. Computer characterization of aspects of grainedge roughness using the scanning electron microscope. Mar. Geol., 74(3-4):291-294. Coastal Res. Unit, Sci. Dept., Polytechnic of Wales, Pontypridd, Mid-Glamorgan, Wales CF37 1DL, UK.
D40. Area studies, surveys, bathymetry 87:5031 Missegue, Francois and J.-Y. Collot, 1987. Geophysical study of the Chesterfield Plateau (SW Pacific). Preliminary results of the ZOE200 cruise (R/V Coriolis). C. r. Acad. Sci., Paris, (S~r. II)304(7):279-283. (In French, English abstract.) The Chesterfield Plateau, an elevated feature near the northern end of the Lord Howe Rise, consists of two very shallow (45-80 m) platforms with an area of ~16,000 km 2. Geophysical data suggest that it