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First record of the red clingfish, Pherallodus indicus (Gobiesociformes: Gobiesocidae) from Jeju Island, Korea
Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 11 (2018) 143e145
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/japb
Short Communication
First record of the red clingfish, Pherallodus indicus (Gobiesociformes: Gobiesocidae) from Jeju Island, Korea Hyuck Joon Kwun a, *, Jinsoon Park b, Hye Seon Kim a, Ju-Hee Kim a, Hyo-Seon Park a a b
National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon-gun, Chungcheongnam-do 33662, South Korea Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Yeondo-gu, Busan 49112, South Korea
a r t i c l e i n f o
a b s t r a c t
Article history: Received 4 August 2017 Received in revised form 22 December 2017 Accepted 2 January 2018 Available online 31 January 2018
A single specimen of Pherallodus indicus was collected for the first time from a tidal pool on the eastern coast of Jeju Island, Korea, in June 2017. This species is characterized by the division of the sucking disc formed from the pelvic fin into two portions, a lower jaw without mandibular canal pores, a head without preopercular canal pores, and eight dorsal and seven anal fin rays. The newly proposed Korean name for Pherallodus is “Eol-ruk-hak-chi-sok”, and the species name is “Eol-ruk-hak-chi”. Ó 2018 National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA), Publishing Services by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Keywords: First record Gobiesocidae Jeju Island Pherallodus indicus Tidal pool
Introduction The family Gobiesocidae in the order Gobiesociformes contains 47 genera and 169 species worldwide (Eschmeyer and Fong 2017; Nelson et al 2016). In Korea, three genera and three species have been reported to date (Han et al 2008; Kim et al 2005; Uchida and Yabe 1939). Gobiesocidae species occur in tropical and subtropical regions of the Indo-Pacific and Atlantic oceans (Allen et al 2015; Nelson et al 2016) and inhabit rock pools, seaweeds, sessile invertebrates, and the surfaces of large fish, using the thoracic disc for clinging (Allen and Erdmann 2012). Only two species of the genus Pherallodus are recognized throughout the world, P. indicus (Weber 1913) and P. smithi Briggs 1955, which are distributed in the western Pacific and southwestern Indian Oceans (Eschmeyer et al 2017). However, none has been reported in Korea until now. In this study, we report the collection of the red clingfish P. indicus in a tidal pool on Jeju Island. Materials and methods A single specimen of P. indicus was collected using a hand net from a tidal pool at Seongsan, on the eastern coast of Jeju Island in * Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (H.J. Kwun). Peer review under responsibility of National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA).
June 2017 and was fixed as a whole in 99% ethanol. All counts and measurements were made according to Hubbs and Lagler (2004). Measurements were made to the nearest 0.1 mm with a digital Vernier caliper. The fin rays and sensory canal pores were counted under a stereomicroscope (SZX16; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). The sensory pores are described with the terminology of Shiogaki and Dotsu (1983). The specimen was stored at the Marine Fish Diversity (MFD) of the National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea. Systematic accounts Genus Pherallodus Briggs, 1955 Pherallodus Briggs, 1955: 43. TS: Crepidogaster indicus Weber, 1913. Pherallodus indicus (Weber, 1913) (New Korean name: Eol-rukhak-chi) (Figure 1) Pherallodus indicus: Shen and Wu 2011: 637; Allen and Erdmann 2012: 842; Hayashi and Hagiwara 2013: 1326; Allen et al 2015: 407. Crepidogaster indicus Weber, 1913: 525. TL: Sanana Island, Sula Island, Indonesia. Lepadichthys indicus: Shinohara et al 2000: 181; Randall et al 2004: 26. Materials examined. MFD-1088, 1 specimen, 25.3 mm in standard length (SL), Seongsan (126 560 0500 E, 33 270 3500 N), Seogwipo, Jeju Island, Korea, hand net, 9 vi 2017.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2018.01.004 pISSN2287-884X eISSN2287-9544/Ó 2018 National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA), Publishing Services by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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HJ Kwun et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 11 (2018) 143e145
Figure 1. Pherallodus indicus, MFD-1088, 25.3 mm SL: A, fresh specimen; B, preserved specimen: Bars indicate 5 mm. SL ¼ standard length.
Description. Counts are shown in Table 1. Proportions as % standard length (active size as mm): head length is 29.0 (6.3); body depth is 3.9 (3.9); predorsal length is 72.8 (15.8); preanal length is 73.7 (16.0); preanus length is 59.4 (12.9); head width is 20.7 (4.5). Proportions as % head length (active size as mm): snout length is 30.2 (1.9); interorbital width is 27.0 (1.7); eye diameter is 23.8 (1.5); upper jaw length is 20.6 (1.3). Body is slender, anteriorly rounded, and posteriorly compressed. Head is slightly depressed. Snout is somewhat long and tapered to slightly pointed. Mouth is terminal and small. Posterior margin of the maxilla does not reach the anterior margin of the eye. Interorbital region is slightly flat and wide. Two pairs of tubular nostrils are present, anterior is long and posterior is short. Upper end of the
gill opening is located not beyond the middle of the pectoral fin base. Gill membrane is free from the isthmus. Dorsal and anal fins are located beyond the middle of the body. Anus is very much anterior to the origin of the anal fin. Pectoral and caudal fins are rounded. Pelvic fin is modified to sucking disc, divided into two portions (Figure 2). No scales are present on the head or body. Sensory canal pores are well developed on the head (Figure 3): two lachrymal canal pores, two nasal canal pores, and two postorbital canal pores are present, and mandibular and preopercular canal pores absent.
Table 1. Comparison of meristic characters of Pherallodus indicus. Pherallodus indicus
Number of specimens Standard length (mm) Dorsal fin rays Anal fin rays Caudal fin rays
Present study
Weber (1913)
Allen and Erdmann (2012)
1 25.3 8 7 11
4 15.0e20.0 8 7e8 e
e e 8e9 5e7 10e11
Figure 2. Sucking disc of Pherallodus indicus: A, anterior disc; B, posterior disc.
Figure 3. Head sensory canal pores of Pherallodus indicus: A, lachrymal canal pores; B, nasal canal pores; C, postorbital canal pores.
HJ Kwun et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 11 (2018) 143e145
Coloration. When fresh, the head and body are reddish dark brown and the lower part of the head is yellowish brown. Irregular bright markings and blotches on the head and dorsal body are present. All fins are semitransparent and yellowish brown (Figure 1A). After alcohol fixation, the head and body are bright reddish brown. Markings and blotches are present on the head and body faint. Parts of all fins are transparent (Figure 1B). Distribution. Pherallodus indicus is distributed widely in the Indo-Pacific region, including Indonesia, Japan, French Polynesia (Allen et al 2015), and Taiwan (Shen and Wu 2011). In Korea, it occurs on the eastern coast of Jeju Island (present study). Remarks. A single specimen was assigned to the family Gobiesocidae based on the following morphological characters: pelvic fin modified into a sucking disc, single dorsal fin without spine, and no scales on the head or body (Nelson et al 2016). Among Gobiesocidae species, this specimen was identified as P. indicus because it has two sucking discs and no mandibular or preopercular canal pores (Hayashi and Hagiwara 2013). It also corresponds to the original description of P. indicus (¼Crepidogaster indicus) in its dorsal and anal fin counts (Weber 1913; Table 1). This species is similar to the congeneric species P. smithi but differs from it in its rather long snout and lack of preopercular canal pores (Shiogaki and Dotsu 1983). When we compared P. indicus with the three clingfish species previously reported in Korea, it differed from Lepadichthys frenatus in the form of the sucking disc (divided into two portions in P. indicus vs. undivided in L. frenatus) and was distinguishable from Aspasmichthys ciconiae and Aspasma minima by the presence of mandibular canal pores (absent in P. indicus vs. present in A. ciconiae) and preopercular canal pores (absent in P. indicus vs. present in A. minima) (Hayashi and Hagiwara 2013). We propose the new Korean name of “Eol-ruk-hak-chi-sok” for the genus Pherallodus and “Eol-ruk-hak-chi” for P. indicus. Conflicts of interest The authors declare that there is no conflicts of interest.
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Acknowledgments This work was supported by the National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea Research Program (2018M00500).
References Allen GR, Erdmann MV. 2012. Reef fishes of the East India. Perth: Tropical Reef Research. Allen GR, Steene R, Humann P, DeLoach N. 2015. Reef fish identification tropical Pacific. 2nd ed. Jacksonville: New World Publications, Inc. Briggs JC. 1955. A monograph of the clingfishes (Order Xenopterygii). Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin 6:1e224. Eschmeyer WN, Fong JD. 2017. Species by family/subfamily. Available at: http:// researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/SpeciesByFamily. asp [Date accessed: 27 June 2017]. Eschmeyer WN, Fricke R, van der Laan R. 2017. Catalog of fishes: genera, species, references. Available at: http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/ catalog/fishcatmain.asp [Date accessed: 27 June 2017]. Han SH, Kim MJ, Kim BY, et al. 2008. First record of a clingfish, Aspasma minima (Perciformes: Gobiesocidae) from Korea. Korean Journal of Ichthyology 20:224e 227. Hayashi M, Hagiwara K. 2013. Family Gobiesocidae. In: Nakabo T, editor. Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species. Tokyo: Tokai University Press. pp. 1326e 1329. Hubbs CL, Lagler KF. 2004. Fishes of the Great Lakes region. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press. Kim BJ, Go YB, Nakaya K. 2005. First record of a clingfish, Lepadichthys frenatus (Perciformes: Gobiesocidae), from Korea. Korean Journal of Ichthyology 17:255e 257. Nelson JS, Grande TC, Wilson MVH. 2016. Fishes of the world. 5th ed. Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons. Randall JE, Williams JT, Smith DG, et al. 2004. Checklist of the shore and epipelagic fishes of Tonga. Atoll Research Bulletin 502:1e35. Shen S, Wu G. 2011. Fishes of Taiwan. Pingtung: National museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium. Shinohara G, Sato Y, Matsuura K. 2000. Coastal fishes of Ishima Island, Tokushima, Japan. Monogrphs of the National Science Museum Tokyo 33:175e186. Shiogaki M, Dotsu Y. 1983. Two new genera and two new species of clingfishes from Japan, with comments on head sensory canal of the Gobiesocidae. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 30:111e121. Uchida KS, Yabe H. 1939. The fish fauna of Saisyu-to (Quelpart Island) and its adjacent waters. Journal of Chosen National History Society 25:3e16. Weber M. 1913. Die Fische der Siboga-expedition. Leiden: EJ Brill.
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/japb
Short Communication
First record of the red clingfish, Pherallodus indicus (Gobiesociformes: Gobiesocidae) from Jeju Island, Korea Hyuck Joon Kwun a, *, Jinsoon Park b, Hye Seon Kim a, Ju-Hee Kim a, Hyo-Seon Park a a b
National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon-gun, Chungcheongnam-do 33662, South Korea Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Yeondo-gu, Busan 49112, South Korea
a r t i c l e i n f o
a b s t r a c t
Article history: Received 4 August 2017 Received in revised form 22 December 2017 Accepted 2 January 2018 Available online 31 January 2018
A single specimen of Pherallodus indicus was collected for the first time from a tidal pool on the eastern coast of Jeju Island, Korea, in June 2017. This species is characterized by the division of the sucking disc formed from the pelvic fin into two portions, a lower jaw without mandibular canal pores, a head without preopercular canal pores, and eight dorsal and seven anal fin rays. The newly proposed Korean name for Pherallodus is “Eol-ruk-hak-chi-sok”, and the species name is “Eol-ruk-hak-chi”. Ó 2018 National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA), Publishing Services by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Keywords: First record Gobiesocidae Jeju Island Pherallodus indicus Tidal pool
Introduction The family Gobiesocidae in the order Gobiesociformes contains 47 genera and 169 species worldwide (Eschmeyer and Fong 2017; Nelson et al 2016). In Korea, three genera and three species have been reported to date (Han et al 2008; Kim et al 2005; Uchida and Yabe 1939). Gobiesocidae species occur in tropical and subtropical regions of the Indo-Pacific and Atlantic oceans (Allen et al 2015; Nelson et al 2016) and inhabit rock pools, seaweeds, sessile invertebrates, and the surfaces of large fish, using the thoracic disc for clinging (Allen and Erdmann 2012). Only two species of the genus Pherallodus are recognized throughout the world, P. indicus (Weber 1913) and P. smithi Briggs 1955, which are distributed in the western Pacific and southwestern Indian Oceans (Eschmeyer et al 2017). However, none has been reported in Korea until now. In this study, we report the collection of the red clingfish P. indicus in a tidal pool on Jeju Island. Materials and methods A single specimen of P. indicus was collected using a hand net from a tidal pool at Seongsan, on the eastern coast of Jeju Island in * Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (H.J. Kwun). Peer review under responsibility of National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA).
June 2017 and was fixed as a whole in 99% ethanol. All counts and measurements were made according to Hubbs and Lagler (2004). Measurements were made to the nearest 0.1 mm with a digital Vernier caliper. The fin rays and sensory canal pores were counted under a stereomicroscope (SZX16; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). The sensory pores are described with the terminology of Shiogaki and Dotsu (1983). The specimen was stored at the Marine Fish Diversity (MFD) of the National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea. Systematic accounts Genus Pherallodus Briggs, 1955 Pherallodus Briggs, 1955: 43. TS: Crepidogaster indicus Weber, 1913. Pherallodus indicus (Weber, 1913) (New Korean name: Eol-rukhak-chi) (Figure 1) Pherallodus indicus: Shen and Wu 2011: 637; Allen and Erdmann 2012: 842; Hayashi and Hagiwara 2013: 1326; Allen et al 2015: 407. Crepidogaster indicus Weber, 1913: 525. TL: Sanana Island, Sula Island, Indonesia. Lepadichthys indicus: Shinohara et al 2000: 181; Randall et al 2004: 26. Materials examined. MFD-1088, 1 specimen, 25.3 mm in standard length (SL), Seongsan (126 560 0500 E, 33 270 3500 N), Seogwipo, Jeju Island, Korea, hand net, 9 vi 2017.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2018.01.004 pISSN2287-884X eISSN2287-9544/Ó 2018 National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA), Publishing Services by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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HJ Kwun et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 11 (2018) 143e145
Figure 1. Pherallodus indicus, MFD-1088, 25.3 mm SL: A, fresh specimen; B, preserved specimen: Bars indicate 5 mm. SL ¼ standard length.
Description. Counts are shown in Table 1. Proportions as % standard length (active size as mm): head length is 29.0 (6.3); body depth is 3.9 (3.9); predorsal length is 72.8 (15.8); preanal length is 73.7 (16.0); preanus length is 59.4 (12.9); head width is 20.7 (4.5). Proportions as % head length (active size as mm): snout length is 30.2 (1.9); interorbital width is 27.0 (1.7); eye diameter is 23.8 (1.5); upper jaw length is 20.6 (1.3). Body is slender, anteriorly rounded, and posteriorly compressed. Head is slightly depressed. Snout is somewhat long and tapered to slightly pointed. Mouth is terminal and small. Posterior margin of the maxilla does not reach the anterior margin of the eye. Interorbital region is slightly flat and wide. Two pairs of tubular nostrils are present, anterior is long and posterior is short. Upper end of the
gill opening is located not beyond the middle of the pectoral fin base. Gill membrane is free from the isthmus. Dorsal and anal fins are located beyond the middle of the body. Anus is very much anterior to the origin of the anal fin. Pectoral and caudal fins are rounded. Pelvic fin is modified to sucking disc, divided into two portions (Figure 2). No scales are present on the head or body. Sensory canal pores are well developed on the head (Figure 3): two lachrymal canal pores, two nasal canal pores, and two postorbital canal pores are present, and mandibular and preopercular canal pores absent.
Table 1. Comparison of meristic characters of Pherallodus indicus. Pherallodus indicus
Number of specimens Standard length (mm) Dorsal fin rays Anal fin rays Caudal fin rays
Present study
Weber (1913)
Allen and Erdmann (2012)
1 25.3 8 7 11
4 15.0e20.0 8 7e8 e
e e 8e9 5e7 10e11
Figure 2. Sucking disc of Pherallodus indicus: A, anterior disc; B, posterior disc.
Figure 3. Head sensory canal pores of Pherallodus indicus: A, lachrymal canal pores; B, nasal canal pores; C, postorbital canal pores.
HJ Kwun et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 11 (2018) 143e145
Coloration. When fresh, the head and body are reddish dark brown and the lower part of the head is yellowish brown. Irregular bright markings and blotches on the head and dorsal body are present. All fins are semitransparent and yellowish brown (Figure 1A). After alcohol fixation, the head and body are bright reddish brown. Markings and blotches are present on the head and body faint. Parts of all fins are transparent (Figure 1B). Distribution. Pherallodus indicus is distributed widely in the Indo-Pacific region, including Indonesia, Japan, French Polynesia (Allen et al 2015), and Taiwan (Shen and Wu 2011). In Korea, it occurs on the eastern coast of Jeju Island (present study). Remarks. A single specimen was assigned to the family Gobiesocidae based on the following morphological characters: pelvic fin modified into a sucking disc, single dorsal fin without spine, and no scales on the head or body (Nelson et al 2016). Among Gobiesocidae species, this specimen was identified as P. indicus because it has two sucking discs and no mandibular or preopercular canal pores (Hayashi and Hagiwara 2013). It also corresponds to the original description of P. indicus (¼Crepidogaster indicus) in its dorsal and anal fin counts (Weber 1913; Table 1). This species is similar to the congeneric species P. smithi but differs from it in its rather long snout and lack of preopercular canal pores (Shiogaki and Dotsu 1983). When we compared P. indicus with the three clingfish species previously reported in Korea, it differed from Lepadichthys frenatus in the form of the sucking disc (divided into two portions in P. indicus vs. undivided in L. frenatus) and was distinguishable from Aspasmichthys ciconiae and Aspasma minima by the presence of mandibular canal pores (absent in P. indicus vs. present in A. ciconiae) and preopercular canal pores (absent in P. indicus vs. present in A. minima) (Hayashi and Hagiwara 2013). We propose the new Korean name of “Eol-ruk-hak-chi-sok” for the genus Pherallodus and “Eol-ruk-hak-chi” for P. indicus. Conflicts of interest The authors declare that there is no conflicts of interest.
145
Acknowledgments This work was supported by the National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea Research Program (2018M00500).
References Allen GR, Erdmann MV. 2012. Reef fishes of the East India. Perth: Tropical Reef Research. Allen GR, Steene R, Humann P, DeLoach N. 2015. Reef fish identification tropical Pacific. 2nd ed. Jacksonville: New World Publications, Inc. Briggs JC. 1955. A monograph of the clingfishes (Order Xenopterygii). Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin 6:1e224. Eschmeyer WN, Fong JD. 2017. Species by family/subfamily. Available at: http:// researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/SpeciesByFamily. asp [Date accessed: 27 June 2017]. Eschmeyer WN, Fricke R, van der Laan R. 2017. Catalog of fishes: genera, species, references. Available at: http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/ catalog/fishcatmain.asp [Date accessed: 27 June 2017]. Han SH, Kim MJ, Kim BY, et al. 2008. First record of a clingfish, Aspasma minima (Perciformes: Gobiesocidae) from Korea. Korean Journal of Ichthyology 20:224e 227. Hayashi M, Hagiwara K. 2013. Family Gobiesocidae. In: Nakabo T, editor. Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species. Tokyo: Tokai University Press. pp. 1326e 1329. Hubbs CL, Lagler KF. 2004. Fishes of the Great Lakes region. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press. Kim BJ, Go YB, Nakaya K. 2005. First record of a clingfish, Lepadichthys frenatus (Perciformes: Gobiesocidae), from Korea. Korean Journal of Ichthyology 17:255e 257. Nelson JS, Grande TC, Wilson MVH. 2016. Fishes of the world. 5th ed. Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons. Randall JE, Williams JT, Smith DG, et al. 2004. Checklist of the shore and epipelagic fishes of Tonga. Atoll Research Bulletin 502:1e35. Shen S, Wu G. 2011. Fishes of Taiwan. Pingtung: National museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium. Shinohara G, Sato Y, Matsuura K. 2000. Coastal fishes of Ishima Island, Tokushima, Japan. Monogrphs of the National Science Museum Tokyo 33:175e186. Shiogaki M, Dotsu Y. 1983. Two new genera and two new species of clingfishes from Japan, with comments on head sensory canal of the Gobiesocidae. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 30:111e121. Uchida KS, Yabe H. 1939. The fish fauna of Saisyu-to (Quelpart Island) and its adjacent waters. Journal of Chosen National History Society 25:3e16. Weber M. 1913. Die Fische der Siboga-expedition. Leiden: EJ Brill.