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Flame-retarded composite fibre
the bottom of the cup shape. The second inner part is formed in a cylindrical shape from resin material with embedded high modulus fibres. Non-metallic chain including wound composite chain links and moulded pins Fillar, J.A., Casper, T.J. and Wiegand, J.H. (Envirex Inc., Waukesha, WI, USA) US Pat 4 863 418 (5 September 1989) The chain bars are flattened loops made of elongated, fibre-reinforced, hardened resin. The connecting pins have a core of high strength material and a sleeve of wearresistant, low friction polymer.
MATERIAL S Pitch carbon fibres and batts Parrish, R.G. (E.I. Du Pont de Nemours and Co., Wilmington, DE, USA) US Pat 4 861 653 (29August 1989) A batt is composed of randomly disposed carbon fibres which have a diameter of less than 12 ~m and a fracture surface exhibiting a lamellar microstructure. High tenacity acrylonitrile fibres and a process for their production Takada, T., Hirao, K., Takanaka, H. and Suzuki, M. (Toray Industries Inc., Tokyo, Japan) US Pat 4 861 659 (29 August 1989) The fibre consists of an acrylonitrile polymer, mainly composed of acrylonitrile, having an intrinsic viscosity of 2.5-3.5, a degree of crystalline orientation within a range 93-97%, a tensile strength of at least 10 g/d, an initial modulus of at least 180 g/d, a knot strength of at least 2.2 g/d and a surface smoothness of at least 7% when expressed by the contrast glossiness. Composite sintered material having sandwich structure Hara, A. and Yamamura, A. (Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd., Osaka, Japan) US Pat 4 861 673 (29August 1989) The composite has a hard layer of sintered diamond compact containing 5-15 vol % of an iron group metal and diamond particles. A pair of 10-500 ~tm thick intermediate layers bonded to each surface of the hard layer contain 20-80 weight % of high-pressure boron nitride and the balance being at least one member selected from the group nitride, carbide, carbonitride, boride, oxide and mutual solid solution of the elements in Group Illb, IVa, IVb, Va or Via of the Periodic Table. A pair of substrates is bonded to one of the surfaces of the intermediate layers to form a sandwich structure. The substrates are a sintered alloy of 2-5 weight % of Co and/or Ni and the balance of WC and/or MoC. Composite material of Zn-AI alloy reinforced with silicon carbide powder Guerriero, R. and Tangerini, I. (Nuova Samim SpA, Rome, Italy) US Pat 4 861 679 (29 August 1989) The composite material contains a matrix consisting of Zn-AI alloy reinforced with a silicon carbide powder with particles in the size range 1-200 ~tm. The Zn in the alloy is 73-93 weight %.
74
COMPOSITES. JANUARY 1991
Microporous crystalline composite compositions Pellet, R.J., Coughlin, P.K., Springer, A.R. and Gajek, R.T. (UOP, Des Plaines, IL, USA) US Pat4861 739 (29August1989) A multiphase, multi-compositional composite is made of different inorganic crystalline phases with at least one that comprises a substrate upon which another phase is deposited. The different phases are contiguous and have a common crystal framework structure. One phase contains phosphorus and aluminium atoms as part of the crystal's framework structure. One phase comprises the structure and composition of a non-zeolitic molecular sieve and another the structure and composition of an aluminosilicate molecular sieve.
A glass fibre-reinforced fluorocarbon polymer coating composition for metal surfaces, its production and metal sheets mated with it Fujii, H., Miyawaki, I., Sakai, M., Kanazawa, F. and Watanabe, T. (Daido Steel Sheet Corporation, Hyogo and Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc., Tokyo, Japan) US Pat 4 863 794 (5 September 1989) The metal sheet is coated with a primer of epoxy resin with an outer coat of fluorocarbon polymer coating composition in which glass fibres are randomly dispersed. The glass fibres are first treated with a sizing solution of a titanate coupling agent and then with a second sizing solution of a silane coupling agent.
Dressing agent for synthetic fibres Kolbe, J., Kummeler, F. and Miessen, R, (Bayer Aktiengesellschaft, Leverkusen, FRG) The agent is based on a dry residue of 5-40% of a polythene dispersion, 5~I0% of a dicarboxylic acid semi-acid ester salt and 30-70% of an anion active dressing from the group of an acid alkyl ester, an alkyl sulphuric acid ester, an alkyl polyglycol ether and an acyl polyglycol ester.
Flame-retarded composite fibre Ichiboro, K., Matsumoto, T. and Kanabara, Y. (Kanagefuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha, Osaka, Japan) US Pat 4 863 797 (5 September 1989) The fibre blend contains 15-85 parts by weight of a fibre with a polymer having a halogen content of 17-86 weight % and 8-40 weight % ofa Sb compound and 15-85 parts by weight of at least one fibre from the group consisting of natural fibres and synthetic fibres.
Material for facing denture Groll, W. and Rothaut, J. (Degussa Aktiengesellschaft, Frankfurt am Main, FRG) US Pat 4 863 514 (5 September 1989) The denture consists of a melted or sintered metallic matrix with 0.5-30 vol % of glass having a softening temperature above 650°C or 40 Ixm diameter ceramic oxide particles or a mixture of glass and ceramic. Composite material with matrix and reinforcing fibres of carbon Rousseau, G. and Pastureau (Aerospatiale Societe Nationale Industrielle, Paris, France) US Pat 4 863 773 (5 September 1989) The composite comprises a carbon fibre substrate embedded in a matrix. Each fibre is covered with a fine silicon carbide coating and the matrix is carbon doped with 20 weight % amorphous silicon carbide. The whole body is covered in an outer layer of silicon carbide with borosilicate glass plugging any cracks in the silicon carbide. Composites of stretch broken aligned fibres of carbon and glass reinforced resin Armiger, T.E., Edison, D.H., Lauterbach, H.G., Layton, J.R. and Okine, R.K., (DE, USA) US Pat 4 863 780 (5 September 1989) The composite consists of a layer of a matrix resin reinforced with a sliver of substantially axially aligned, broken, glass staple fibres having an average length greater than 0.5 inches and a cohesion of at least 0.01 g/d. The fibres are coated with a viscous lubricant and antistatic ingredient. Composite material made of polypropylene which is reinforced by fibre mats Horacek, H. and Kugler, E. (Danutec Werkstoff Gesellschaft mbH, Linz, Austria) US Pat 4 863 790 (5 September 1989) Polypropylene sheet is reinforced with 1 to 24 non-woven mats. The polypropylene comprises a high molecular weight fraction with water average molecular weights of 150 000900 000 g mol J and a low molecular weight fraction with average molecular weights of 50 000--150 000 g m o l t .
Refractory composite material and method of manufacture Arenz, D.L., Paquette, E.L. and Simpson, M.G. (Refractory Composites Inc., Whittier, CA, USA) US Pat 4 863 798 (5 September 1989) The refractory composite consists of a porous, permeable substrate defined by discrete elements which are covered by a pyrolytic layer which itself is covered by a material providing a barrier to diffusion into the pyrolytic layer. A further oxygenimpermeable layer covers the barrier layer. Sheath core spun organosilicon preceramic fibres and processes for production Mininni, R.M. and Arons, R.M. (Hoechst Celanese Corp, Somerville, NJ, USA) US Pat 4 863 799 (5 September 1989) The preceramic fibre has a core made of an organosilicon preceramic polymer of polysilazane or a polysilylazane and having a molecular weight in the range 500-20 000. The fibre has a co-spun sheath layer of cellulosic polymer which is at least partially permeable to a curing agent for the organosilicon preceramic polymer.
PROCESSES Method and apparatus for forming fibres from thermoplastic materials Denuiston, D.W. (Dunkirk, NY, USA) US Pat 4 861 362 (29 August 1989) The apparatus for producing glass fibres consists of a means for making a primary, high temperature, high velocity gas blast and a means for introducing glass into the blast so that the glass is attenuated into fibres. Banks of tubes perpendicular to the blast deliver jets of fuel and/or oxidant to maintain the temperature above that required for attenuation of the glass. Method of treating the surface of polymers with a cuprous compound to form a copper sulphide composite structure
MATERIAL S Pitch carbon fibres and batts Parrish, R.G. (E.I. Du Pont de Nemours and Co., Wilmington, DE, USA) US Pat 4 861 653 (29August 1989) A batt is composed of randomly disposed carbon fibres which have a diameter of less than 12 ~m and a fracture surface exhibiting a lamellar microstructure. High tenacity acrylonitrile fibres and a process for their production Takada, T., Hirao, K., Takanaka, H. and Suzuki, M. (Toray Industries Inc., Tokyo, Japan) US Pat 4 861 659 (29 August 1989) The fibre consists of an acrylonitrile polymer, mainly composed of acrylonitrile, having an intrinsic viscosity of 2.5-3.5, a degree of crystalline orientation within a range 93-97%, a tensile strength of at least 10 g/d, an initial modulus of at least 180 g/d, a knot strength of at least 2.2 g/d and a surface smoothness of at least 7% when expressed by the contrast glossiness. Composite sintered material having sandwich structure Hara, A. and Yamamura, A. (Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd., Osaka, Japan) US Pat 4 861 673 (29August 1989) The composite has a hard layer of sintered diamond compact containing 5-15 vol % of an iron group metal and diamond particles. A pair of 10-500 ~tm thick intermediate layers bonded to each surface of the hard layer contain 20-80 weight % of high-pressure boron nitride and the balance being at least one member selected from the group nitride, carbide, carbonitride, boride, oxide and mutual solid solution of the elements in Group Illb, IVa, IVb, Va or Via of the Periodic Table. A pair of substrates is bonded to one of the surfaces of the intermediate layers to form a sandwich structure. The substrates are a sintered alloy of 2-5 weight % of Co and/or Ni and the balance of WC and/or MoC. Composite material of Zn-AI alloy reinforced with silicon carbide powder Guerriero, R. and Tangerini, I. (Nuova Samim SpA, Rome, Italy) US Pat 4 861 679 (29 August 1989) The composite material contains a matrix consisting of Zn-AI alloy reinforced with a silicon carbide powder with particles in the size range 1-200 ~tm. The Zn in the alloy is 73-93 weight %.
74
COMPOSITES. JANUARY 1991
Microporous crystalline composite compositions Pellet, R.J., Coughlin, P.K., Springer, A.R. and Gajek, R.T. (UOP, Des Plaines, IL, USA) US Pat4861 739 (29August1989) A multiphase, multi-compositional composite is made of different inorganic crystalline phases with at least one that comprises a substrate upon which another phase is deposited. The different phases are contiguous and have a common crystal framework structure. One phase contains phosphorus and aluminium atoms as part of the crystal's framework structure. One phase comprises the structure and composition of a non-zeolitic molecular sieve and another the structure and composition of an aluminosilicate molecular sieve.
A glass fibre-reinforced fluorocarbon polymer coating composition for metal surfaces, its production and metal sheets mated with it Fujii, H., Miyawaki, I., Sakai, M., Kanazawa, F. and Watanabe, T. (Daido Steel Sheet Corporation, Hyogo and Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc., Tokyo, Japan) US Pat 4 863 794 (5 September 1989) The metal sheet is coated with a primer of epoxy resin with an outer coat of fluorocarbon polymer coating composition in which glass fibres are randomly dispersed. The glass fibres are first treated with a sizing solution of a titanate coupling agent and then with a second sizing solution of a silane coupling agent.
Dressing agent for synthetic fibres Kolbe, J., Kummeler, F. and Miessen, R, (Bayer Aktiengesellschaft, Leverkusen, FRG) The agent is based on a dry residue of 5-40% of a polythene dispersion, 5~I0% of a dicarboxylic acid semi-acid ester salt and 30-70% of an anion active dressing from the group of an acid alkyl ester, an alkyl sulphuric acid ester, an alkyl polyglycol ether and an acyl polyglycol ester.
Flame-retarded composite fibre Ichiboro, K., Matsumoto, T. and Kanabara, Y. (Kanagefuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha, Osaka, Japan) US Pat 4 863 797 (5 September 1989) The fibre blend contains 15-85 parts by weight of a fibre with a polymer having a halogen content of 17-86 weight % and 8-40 weight % ofa Sb compound and 15-85 parts by weight of at least one fibre from the group consisting of natural fibres and synthetic fibres.
Material for facing denture Groll, W. and Rothaut, J. (Degussa Aktiengesellschaft, Frankfurt am Main, FRG) US Pat 4 863 514 (5 September 1989) The denture consists of a melted or sintered metallic matrix with 0.5-30 vol % of glass having a softening temperature above 650°C or 40 Ixm diameter ceramic oxide particles or a mixture of glass and ceramic. Composite material with matrix and reinforcing fibres of carbon Rousseau, G. and Pastureau (Aerospatiale Societe Nationale Industrielle, Paris, France) US Pat 4 863 773 (5 September 1989) The composite comprises a carbon fibre substrate embedded in a matrix. Each fibre is covered with a fine silicon carbide coating and the matrix is carbon doped with 20 weight % amorphous silicon carbide. The whole body is covered in an outer layer of silicon carbide with borosilicate glass plugging any cracks in the silicon carbide. Composites of stretch broken aligned fibres of carbon and glass reinforced resin Armiger, T.E., Edison, D.H., Lauterbach, H.G., Layton, J.R. and Okine, R.K., (DE, USA) US Pat 4 863 780 (5 September 1989) The composite consists of a layer of a matrix resin reinforced with a sliver of substantially axially aligned, broken, glass staple fibres having an average length greater than 0.5 inches and a cohesion of at least 0.01 g/d. The fibres are coated with a viscous lubricant and antistatic ingredient. Composite material made of polypropylene which is reinforced by fibre mats Horacek, H. and Kugler, E. (Danutec Werkstoff Gesellschaft mbH, Linz, Austria) US Pat 4 863 790 (5 September 1989) Polypropylene sheet is reinforced with 1 to 24 non-woven mats. The polypropylene comprises a high molecular weight fraction with water average molecular weights of 150 000900 000 g mol J and a low molecular weight fraction with average molecular weights of 50 000--150 000 g m o l t .
Refractory composite material and method of manufacture Arenz, D.L., Paquette, E.L. and Simpson, M.G. (Refractory Composites Inc., Whittier, CA, USA) US Pat 4 863 798 (5 September 1989) The refractory composite consists of a porous, permeable substrate defined by discrete elements which are covered by a pyrolytic layer which itself is covered by a material providing a barrier to diffusion into the pyrolytic layer. A further oxygenimpermeable layer covers the barrier layer. Sheath core spun organosilicon preceramic fibres and processes for production Mininni, R.M. and Arons, R.M. (Hoechst Celanese Corp, Somerville, NJ, USA) US Pat 4 863 799 (5 September 1989) The preceramic fibre has a core made of an organosilicon preceramic polymer of polysilazane or a polysilylazane and having a molecular weight in the range 500-20 000. The fibre has a co-spun sheath layer of cellulosic polymer which is at least partially permeable to a curing agent for the organosilicon preceramic polymer.
PROCESSES Method and apparatus for forming fibres from thermoplastic materials Denuiston, D.W. (Dunkirk, NY, USA) US Pat 4 861 362 (29 August 1989) The apparatus for producing glass fibres consists of a means for making a primary, high temperature, high velocity gas blast and a means for introducing glass into the blast so that the glass is attenuated into fibres. Banks of tubes perpendicular to the blast deliver jets of fuel and/or oxidant to maintain the temperature above that required for attenuation of the glass. Method of treating the surface of polymers with a cuprous compound to form a copper sulphide composite structure