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Flex-an expert system for flaw classification and sizing
40393 Zheng, Yi. Image analysis, modeling, enhancement, restoration, feature extraction and their applications in nondestructive evaluation and radio astr. onomy Dissertation Abstracts International, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 507 (Aug. 1988) This dissertation is complied from nine papers and addresses itself to the development and application of signal and image processing to nondestructive evaluation (NDE) generally and to radio astronomy specifically. Topics covered include time series analysis and modeling of Very Large Array (VLA) phase data, image analysis, and feature extraction for industrial NDE radiographic images as well as image enhancement by Kahnan filtering and considering signal dependent colonred noise. Robotic image manipulation, controlled by expert systems, is covered. Kalman filtered VLA phase data is studied using a supercompater x ray and infrared images may he deblurred with the deconvolution method suggested. The last two papers cover local feature enhancement of synthetic radio images by adaptive Kalman filtering and a new technique for correcting phase data from a synthetic-aperture antenna array.
39243 Baker, A.R.; Windsor, C.G. T h e classification of defects from ultrasonic data using neural networks. Part ! : The Hopfleld Method United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Harwell, AERE-R-13216, 24 pp. (Oct. 1988) Neural network algorithms offer a method of classification of multiparameter data which is both rapid and tolerant of noisy dam. Here the Hopfield model is used to classify proces.sedultrasonic data from various known classes of defect within steel test welds. Some 83 defects, from four known categories, and described by up to 6 feature parameters, were used in the analysis. A randomly chosen fraction of the set was used to produce images characteristic of each dafect class. These were memorised into the network. Defects in the remaining fraction of the dataset were then recalled by the network, together with statistical information on the degree of confidence of the identification. An accuracy of 100% was often achieved when 50% fractions of the data were used for tminiog and for testing. The accuracy achieved is comparable with that given by conventional minimum distance classification algorithms.
40047
39070 Bieth, M.; Monjaret, J.-L.; Nguyen, T.H. Siracus: An expert system for non-destructive testing Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, London (United Kingdom), 13-17 Sep. 1987. Vol. 1, pp. 558-566. Pergamon Press, 3173 pp. (1988) The SIRACUS expen system is aimed at assisting the operator in determining the nature of indications detected during ultrasonic testing of pre~ure vessel welds. Depending on the working conditions and the a priori position of defect, the system proposes a series of ~anning directions leading most rapidly towards a "volumetric" or "non volumetric" diagnosis. The pmgres,~ively elaborate diagnosis is based on the consideration of numerous parameters such as: directional reflectivty, echo shape, echodynamical pattem, and working conditions (back gouging, welding technique).
Martin, R.W.
Application of pattern recognition techniques to B-scan analysis Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Williamsburg, Virginia (United States), 22-26 Jun. 1987. Vol. 7A, pp. 777-784. Edited by D.D. Thompson and D.E. Chimenti, Plenum Press, 1988. Several pattern recognition techniques are utilized to identify defects in ultrasonic backscatter B-scans of composite materials. The goal is to aid inexperienced operators in identifying defects in composite materials. A threshold is applied to a rectified B-scan to produce a binary image. Then each unconnected component of the binary image is assigned a unique label. Various statistics such as area, integrated optical density, perimeter, axis angle, and x, z location are then computed for each labeled component. If-then roles are applied in an expert system mode to these statistics to identify each component as front surface or back surface, delamination, front or back surface connected crack, noise or an unidentified feature. This technique has successfully identified both surface cracks and delaminarions in graphite/epoxy laminates. 40030 Nugen. S.M.; Christensen, K.E.; 1.at-Sung Koo; Schmerr,L.W. Flex-an expert system for flaw classification and sizing Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Williamsburg, Virginia (United States), 22-26 Jun. 1987. Vol. 7A, pp. 445.452. Edited by D.D.Thompson and D.E.Chimenti, Plenum Press, 1988. The Flaw Expen (FLEX) system under development at the Center for NDE. Iowa State University is designed to characterize flaws as either crock-like or volumetric from an inspection of the ultrasonic scattering amplitudes taken from multiple look (viewing) angles. FLEX currently consists of two cooperating expert systems. The Feature Processing (FEAP) system characterizes the waveforms with respect to a predefined set of features. The Raw Processing (FLAP) system uses the presence or absence of these features to characterize the flaw with respect to type.
39897 B¢glson, F.; Bieth, M.: Nguyen, T.H. SIRACUS, an expert system for characterization of defect in weldments by ultrasonic testing Nuclear Plant Journal, Vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 54, 56, 76 (Nov.-Dec. 1988) An expert system called SIRACUS has been developed to assist ultra~nic testing (UT) operators in determining the nature of defects in welded joints. In particular, this expert system helps to obtain a more reliable volumetric/nonvolumetric diagnosis by proposing a ~ries of scanning, depending on the working conditions, the position of the defect, and considering numerous parameters such as directional =effectivity, echoshape, echodynamical panem, and welding technique. 39870 Bieth, M.: Monjaret, J.-L.; Nguyen, T.H. SIRACUS, an expert system to help inspectors in characterizing detected defects International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, Vol. 35, pp. 321- 329 (1988). (proceedings of 5th International Seminar on Nondestructive Examination in Relation to Structural Integrity, Davos, Switzerland, 26-27 August 1987) The SIRACUS expert system is aimed at assisting the operator in determining the nature of indications detected during ultrasonic testing of pressure vessel welds. Depending on the working conditions and the a priori position of defect, the system proposes a series of scanning directions leading most rapidly towards a ~'olumetric' or 'non-volumetric' diagnosis. The progressively elaborated diagnosis is based on the consideration of numerous parameters such as directional reflectivity, echo shape, echo-dynamical panem, position with reference to chamfer and working conditions (back gouging, welding technique). 39737 Carlson, N.M.; Johnson. J.A. Ultrasonic sensing of weld pool penetration Welding Journal, Vol. 67, No. 11, p. 239 (Nov. 1988) The geometry of the sidewall as it is penetrated by the weld pool during gas metal arc welding (GMAW) can be detected by high-frequency ~nnd waves. The penetration geometry is detected using a piezoelectric tran~ucer, operating in the pulse.echo mode. to generate shear sound waves that travel through the base metal to the weld region. The received echoes contain information that can be related to the sidewall penetration and thus to the quality of the weld. Different geometries can be discriminated using expert system methods, thus providing the potential of ,',;ending information on sidewall penetration to a closed-loop welding system for real-rime feedback control to assure adequate sidewall penetration.
NDT&E
International
Volume
25 Number
1 1992
39069 McNab, A.; Young, H.; Durrani, T.S. An expert system for NDT ultrasonics Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, London (United Kingdom), 13-17 Sep. 1987. Vol. I, pp. 551-557. Pergamon Press, 3173 pp. (1988) Expert system software is beginning to make a mark on the field of NDT. In this paper, the requirements for implementing an expert system using the shell SAVOIR is discussed. Examples are given of specific systemsfor the writing of procedures and the identification of indications for manual ultrasonic weld examination. 39068 Moran, A.I.; Bowker, K.]. Expert systems for NDT - hope or hype? Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, London (United Kingdom), 13-17 Sep. 1987. Vol. i, pp. 540-550. Pergamon Press, 3173 pp. (1988) Automated ultra~nic inspections are now being widely used. but whilst there are a variety of commercially, available data acquisition systems, the automation of data evaluation is still at the rresearchstage. Currently the large volumes of data recorded automatically are generally evaluated manually and this often leads to a bottleneck in the inspection timetable. In this paper the current and potential role of expert systems in ult~sonic data evaluation is di~ussed. A description is given of an expert system for evaluating data from the automated shop inspection of some pressurised Water Reactor (PWR) vessel forgings. This system is used to illustrate the principles of expert systems and their application in ultrasonic NDT projects. 38648 Katsoulakos, P.S.; Newland, J.; Stansfield, J.T.; Ruxton, T. Monitoring, databases and expert systems in the development o f engine fault diagnostics British Journal o f Nondestructive Testing, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 263-273 (Jul. 1988) The paper describes the development of a computerised diesel engine fault diagnostic capability, making use of extensive experimental results different types of computers and software codes, specially constructed databases end a rule-induction software package. Two prototype "rule based" systems, constructed using a prototype "Information Analysis Expert System" (IAES). are outlined. The IAES consists of a preliminary database (knowledge base) and a model which defines an analysis strategy (inference system). The model describes the engine process at fault conditions by defining the interconnection and interaction of the various parts of the engine assembly. Intermediate solution levels are used at which the interpretation of sensor signals permits progressively increasing detail in the diagnosis. The obtained results demonstrate the main features and potential benefits of the approach.
38509 Armistead, R.A. CT: Quantitative 3-D inspection Advanced Materials and Processes, Vol. i 33, No. 3, pp. 42-43, 46-48 (Mar. 1988) Computed tomography (C'l') permits three dimensional imaging of internal structure. The benefits of greater contrast and spatial resolution with X ray CT are explained and a broad range of applications to medicine and industry are considered. Future applications include the development of a fully automatic manufacturing inspection process if a suitable expert system can be integrated into the CT software system. 38496 Edwards, G.R. Expert systems for sophisticated non-destructive testing Metal Construction, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 178-183 (Apr. 1988) The development of expert systems (specialised computer software involving artificial intelligence) in relation to non-destructive testing is discossed. These are
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39243 Baker, A.R.; Windsor, C.G. T h e classification of defects from ultrasonic data using neural networks. Part ! : The Hopfleld Method United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Harwell, AERE-R-13216, 24 pp. (Oct. 1988) Neural network algorithms offer a method of classification of multiparameter data which is both rapid and tolerant of noisy dam. Here the Hopfield model is used to classify proces.sedultrasonic data from various known classes of defect within steel test welds. Some 83 defects, from four known categories, and described by up to 6 feature parameters, were used in the analysis. A randomly chosen fraction of the set was used to produce images characteristic of each dafect class. These were memorised into the network. Defects in the remaining fraction of the dataset were then recalled by the network, together with statistical information on the degree of confidence of the identification. An accuracy of 100% was often achieved when 50% fractions of the data were used for tminiog and for testing. The accuracy achieved is comparable with that given by conventional minimum distance classification algorithms.
40047
39070 Bieth, M.; Monjaret, J.-L.; Nguyen, T.H. Siracus: An expert system for non-destructive testing Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, London (United Kingdom), 13-17 Sep. 1987. Vol. 1, pp. 558-566. Pergamon Press, 3173 pp. (1988) The SIRACUS expen system is aimed at assisting the operator in determining the nature of indications detected during ultrasonic testing of pre~ure vessel welds. Depending on the working conditions and the a priori position of defect, the system proposes a series of ~anning directions leading most rapidly towards a "volumetric" or "non volumetric" diagnosis. The pmgres,~ively elaborate diagnosis is based on the consideration of numerous parameters such as: directional reflectivty, echo shape, echodynamical pattem, and working conditions (back gouging, welding technique).
Martin, R.W.
Application of pattern recognition techniques to B-scan analysis Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Williamsburg, Virginia (United States), 22-26 Jun. 1987. Vol. 7A, pp. 777-784. Edited by D.D. Thompson and D.E. Chimenti, Plenum Press, 1988. Several pattern recognition techniques are utilized to identify defects in ultrasonic backscatter B-scans of composite materials. The goal is to aid inexperienced operators in identifying defects in composite materials. A threshold is applied to a rectified B-scan to produce a binary image. Then each unconnected component of the binary image is assigned a unique label. Various statistics such as area, integrated optical density, perimeter, axis angle, and x, z location are then computed for each labeled component. If-then roles are applied in an expert system mode to these statistics to identify each component as front surface or back surface, delamination, front or back surface connected crack, noise or an unidentified feature. This technique has successfully identified both surface cracks and delaminarions in graphite/epoxy laminates. 40030 Nugen. S.M.; Christensen, K.E.; 1.at-Sung Koo; Schmerr,L.W. Flex-an expert system for flaw classification and sizing Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Williamsburg, Virginia (United States), 22-26 Jun. 1987. Vol. 7A, pp. 445.452. Edited by D.D.Thompson and D.E.Chimenti, Plenum Press, 1988. The Flaw Expen (FLEX) system under development at the Center for NDE. Iowa State University is designed to characterize flaws as either crock-like or volumetric from an inspection of the ultrasonic scattering amplitudes taken from multiple look (viewing) angles. FLEX currently consists of two cooperating expert systems. The Feature Processing (FEAP) system characterizes the waveforms with respect to a predefined set of features. The Raw Processing (FLAP) system uses the presence or absence of these features to characterize the flaw with respect to type.
39897 B¢glson, F.; Bieth, M.: Nguyen, T.H. SIRACUS, an expert system for characterization of defect in weldments by ultrasonic testing Nuclear Plant Journal, Vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 54, 56, 76 (Nov.-Dec. 1988) An expert system called SIRACUS has been developed to assist ultra~nic testing (UT) operators in determining the nature of defects in welded joints. In particular, this expert system helps to obtain a more reliable volumetric/nonvolumetric diagnosis by proposing a ~ries of scanning, depending on the working conditions, the position of the defect, and considering numerous parameters such as directional =effectivity, echoshape, echodynamical panem, and welding technique. 39870 Bieth, M.: Monjaret, J.-L.; Nguyen, T.H. SIRACUS, an expert system to help inspectors in characterizing detected defects International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, Vol. 35, pp. 321- 329 (1988). (proceedings of 5th International Seminar on Nondestructive Examination in Relation to Structural Integrity, Davos, Switzerland, 26-27 August 1987) The SIRACUS expert system is aimed at assisting the operator in determining the nature of indications detected during ultrasonic testing of pressure vessel welds. Depending on the working conditions and the a priori position of defect, the system proposes a series of scanning directions leading most rapidly towards a ~'olumetric' or 'non-volumetric' diagnosis. The progressively elaborated diagnosis is based on the consideration of numerous parameters such as directional reflectivity, echo shape, echo-dynamical panem, position with reference to chamfer and working conditions (back gouging, welding technique). 39737 Carlson, N.M.; Johnson. J.A. Ultrasonic sensing of weld pool penetration Welding Journal, Vol. 67, No. 11, p. 239 (Nov. 1988) The geometry of the sidewall as it is penetrated by the weld pool during gas metal arc welding (GMAW) can be detected by high-frequency ~nnd waves. The penetration geometry is detected using a piezoelectric tran~ucer, operating in the pulse.echo mode. to generate shear sound waves that travel through the base metal to the weld region. The received echoes contain information that can be related to the sidewall penetration and thus to the quality of the weld. Different geometries can be discriminated using expert system methods, thus providing the potential of ,',;ending information on sidewall penetration to a closed-loop welding system for real-rime feedback control to assure adequate sidewall penetration.
NDT&E
International
Volume
25 Number
1 1992
39069 McNab, A.; Young, H.; Durrani, T.S. An expert system for NDT ultrasonics Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, London (United Kingdom), 13-17 Sep. 1987. Vol. I, pp. 551-557. Pergamon Press, 3173 pp. (1988) Expert system software is beginning to make a mark on the field of NDT. In this paper, the requirements for implementing an expert system using the shell SAVOIR is discussed. Examples are given of specific systemsfor the writing of procedures and the identification of indications for manual ultrasonic weld examination. 39068 Moran, A.I.; Bowker, K.]. Expert systems for NDT - hope or hype? Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, London (United Kingdom), 13-17 Sep. 1987. Vol. i, pp. 540-550. Pergamon Press, 3173 pp. (1988) Automated ultra~nic inspections are now being widely used. but whilst there are a variety of commercially, available data acquisition systems, the automation of data evaluation is still at the rresearchstage. Currently the large volumes of data recorded automatically are generally evaluated manually and this often leads to a bottleneck in the inspection timetable. In this paper the current and potential role of expert systems in ult~sonic data evaluation is di~ussed. A description is given of an expert system for evaluating data from the automated shop inspection of some pressurised Water Reactor (PWR) vessel forgings. This system is used to illustrate the principles of expert systems and their application in ultrasonic NDT projects. 38648 Katsoulakos, P.S.; Newland, J.; Stansfield, J.T.; Ruxton, T. Monitoring, databases and expert systems in the development o f engine fault diagnostics British Journal o f Nondestructive Testing, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 263-273 (Jul. 1988) The paper describes the development of a computerised diesel engine fault diagnostic capability, making use of extensive experimental results different types of computers and software codes, specially constructed databases end a rule-induction software package. Two prototype "rule based" systems, constructed using a prototype "Information Analysis Expert System" (IAES). are outlined. The IAES consists of a preliminary database (knowledge base) and a model which defines an analysis strategy (inference system). The model describes the engine process at fault conditions by defining the interconnection and interaction of the various parts of the engine assembly. Intermediate solution levels are used at which the interpretation of sensor signals permits progressively increasing detail in the diagnosis. The obtained results demonstrate the main features and potential benefits of the approach.
38509 Armistead, R.A. CT: Quantitative 3-D inspection Advanced Materials and Processes, Vol. i 33, No. 3, pp. 42-43, 46-48 (Mar. 1988) Computed tomography (C'l') permits three dimensional imaging of internal structure. The benefits of greater contrast and spatial resolution with X ray CT are explained and a broad range of applications to medicine and industry are considered. Future applications include the development of a fully automatic manufacturing inspection process if a suitable expert system can be integrated into the CT software system. 38496 Edwards, G.R. Expert systems for sophisticated non-destructive testing Metal Construction, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 178-183 (Apr. 1988) The development of expert systems (specialised computer software involving artificial intelligence) in relation to non-destructive testing is discossed. These are
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