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Fluoride levels in hair samples—Biomarker of exposure
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 172S (2007) S1–S240
O19 Fluoride levels in hair samples—Biomarker of exposure Mandinic 1 ,
Curcic 2 ,
Zoran Marijana Biljana Antonijevic 2 , Mirjana Nedeljkovic 2 , Momir Carevic 1 1 Clinic
of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Belgrade, Serbia; 2 Institute of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia Fluorides are of particular importance for the integrity of teeth, especially during a process of amelogenesys in early childhood. However, prolonged ingestion of water containing large amounts of fluorides may induce development of fluorosis. Aim of this work was to examine fluoride content in hair samples taken from children who live in a fluorotic region that is known of high fluoride concentration in drinking water. This study was approved by Ethical Committee of Faculty of Dentistry, Belgrade University (No.727/1; 2006). Fluoride content was determined potentiometrically by means of ion-selective electrode. Average fluoride concentrations in hair samples and drinking water samples were 32.5 g F− /g (32.5 ppm), and 10 mg/L (10 ppm), respectively. Obtained results indicated that fluoride levels in drinking water were significantly higher than levels recommended by WHO (0.7–1.2 ppm). Consequently, fluoride levels in hair samples were higher than in samples taken from children who live in regions where fluorides in water are in the range of recommended values. This pilot study suggests that fluoride concentrations in hair samples could be used as biomarker of chronic fluoride exposure. Although some reports have shown a direct correlation between fluoride concentrations in drinking water and hair samples, additional studies are necessary to find out quantitatively relationship between fluoride levels in hair samples and critical toxic effects in fluorosis. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.05.316 O20 Diphoterine® : Lack of irritation on normal or scarified skin in a rabbit model Laurence Mathieu 1 , Franc¸ois Burgher 1 , Alan Hall 2 , Howard Maibach 3 1 Prevor
Laboratory, Valmondois, France; 2 UCHSC, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Denver, CO, United States; 3 Department of
S119
Dermatology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States We present here results of skin tolerance of Diphoterine® (GLP and OECD guidelines), evaluated in single, semioccluded or non-occluded application to scarified and non-scarified rabbit skin. Two groups of three animals were used: 0.5 mL Diphoterine was applied to four areas of scarified or non-scarified skin. Adjacent non-treated skin surfaces served control sites. Semi-occlusive (two sites scarified or non-scarified out of 4) dressings held the test item in place for 24 h on the animals’ flanks. Before application, and approximately one hour after removal of the dressings (24 h), then once again (48 h) (72 h total), any skin lesion; the appearance, suppleness of the skin, rapidity of fur regrowth, appearance of the regrowth and skin–fold thickness were evaluated. Diphoterine did not induce coloring of the application site and did not interfere with grading of any skin lesion. No erythema and no edema were noted on the scarified or non-scarified sites covered by a semi-occlusive or a non-occlusive dressing. No effect on appearance, suppleness of the skin, rapidity and appearance of fur regrowth and skin-fold thickness was observed in any animal. No significant difference on skin-fold thickness appeared whatever the site and the group. No dermal irritation was observed as well as no toxic effects. Thus, Diphoterine® appears to be a decontamination solution that is non-irritating, non-cytotoxic, non-toxic, non-sensitizing, and non-mutagenic. In the experimental conditions utilized, Diphoterine applied on scarified and non-scarified skin following a single, semi-occluded or non-occluded application, induced no dermal lesions in the rabbit. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.05.317 O21 Micronuclei and trace elements in lead workers Mirta Milic, Alica Pizent, Zorana Kljakovic-Gaˇspic, Ruˇzica Rozgaj, Vilena Kasuba Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia Micronuclei (MN) in blood lymphocytes, blood lead (BPb), activity of erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP), serum copper (SCu) and serum zinc (SZn) were measured in 46 subjects 21–56 years of age, including 34 lead workers and 12 control subjects with no-occupational exposure to lead. The results of BPb, ALAD and EP showed a highly significant (P = 0.000) difference in lead exposure between the groups. Significantly higher
O19 Fluoride levels in hair samples—Biomarker of exposure Mandinic 1 ,
Curcic 2 ,
Zoran Marijana Biljana Antonijevic 2 , Mirjana Nedeljkovic 2 , Momir Carevic 1 1 Clinic
of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Belgrade, Serbia; 2 Institute of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia Fluorides are of particular importance for the integrity of teeth, especially during a process of amelogenesys in early childhood. However, prolonged ingestion of water containing large amounts of fluorides may induce development of fluorosis. Aim of this work was to examine fluoride content in hair samples taken from children who live in a fluorotic region that is known of high fluoride concentration in drinking water. This study was approved by Ethical Committee of Faculty of Dentistry, Belgrade University (No.727/1; 2006). Fluoride content was determined potentiometrically by means of ion-selective electrode. Average fluoride concentrations in hair samples and drinking water samples were 32.5 g F− /g (32.5 ppm), and 10 mg/L (10 ppm), respectively. Obtained results indicated that fluoride levels in drinking water were significantly higher than levels recommended by WHO (0.7–1.2 ppm). Consequently, fluoride levels in hair samples were higher than in samples taken from children who live in regions where fluorides in water are in the range of recommended values. This pilot study suggests that fluoride concentrations in hair samples could be used as biomarker of chronic fluoride exposure. Although some reports have shown a direct correlation between fluoride concentrations in drinking water and hair samples, additional studies are necessary to find out quantitatively relationship between fluoride levels in hair samples and critical toxic effects in fluorosis. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.05.316 O20 Diphoterine® : Lack of irritation on normal or scarified skin in a rabbit model Laurence Mathieu 1 , Franc¸ois Burgher 1 , Alan Hall 2 , Howard Maibach 3 1 Prevor
Laboratory, Valmondois, France; 2 UCHSC, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Denver, CO, United States; 3 Department of
S119
Dermatology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States We present here results of skin tolerance of Diphoterine® (GLP and OECD guidelines), evaluated in single, semioccluded or non-occluded application to scarified and non-scarified rabbit skin. Two groups of three animals were used: 0.5 mL Diphoterine was applied to four areas of scarified or non-scarified skin. Adjacent non-treated skin surfaces served control sites. Semi-occlusive (two sites scarified or non-scarified out of 4) dressings held the test item in place for 24 h on the animals’ flanks. Before application, and approximately one hour after removal of the dressings (24 h), then once again (48 h) (72 h total), any skin lesion; the appearance, suppleness of the skin, rapidity of fur regrowth, appearance of the regrowth and skin–fold thickness were evaluated. Diphoterine did not induce coloring of the application site and did not interfere with grading of any skin lesion. No erythema and no edema were noted on the scarified or non-scarified sites covered by a semi-occlusive or a non-occlusive dressing. No effect on appearance, suppleness of the skin, rapidity and appearance of fur regrowth and skin-fold thickness was observed in any animal. No significant difference on skin-fold thickness appeared whatever the site and the group. No dermal irritation was observed as well as no toxic effects. Thus, Diphoterine® appears to be a decontamination solution that is non-irritating, non-cytotoxic, non-toxic, non-sensitizing, and non-mutagenic. In the experimental conditions utilized, Diphoterine applied on scarified and non-scarified skin following a single, semi-occluded or non-occluded application, induced no dermal lesions in the rabbit. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.05.317 O21 Micronuclei and trace elements in lead workers Mirta Milic, Alica Pizent, Zorana Kljakovic-Gaˇspic, Ruˇzica Rozgaj, Vilena Kasuba Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia Micronuclei (MN) in blood lymphocytes, blood lead (BPb), activity of erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP), serum copper (SCu) and serum zinc (SZn) were measured in 46 subjects 21–56 years of age, including 34 lead workers and 12 control subjects with no-occupational exposure to lead. The results of BPb, ALAD and EP showed a highly significant (P = 0.000) difference in lead exposure between the groups. Significantly higher