- Email: [email protected]
Fly ash as a filler for thermoplastics
04
96/02605 Denslflcatlon, shrinkage and strength development In selected coal ashes Nowok, J. W. it-« of Energy, Mar. 1996,69, (478), 9-11. The densification 'process was measured in four amorphous coal ashes, as a function of temperature at constant time and as a function of time at constant temperature. Densification increased significantly if samples were sintered above the characteristic temperature Te< ' Above that temperature the sintering process is governed by the shrinkage of pore and the flow of melts out of the inter-granular spaces into the large and small pores. The characteristic temperature of sintering is defined as the temperature at which the sintering mechanism changes from the formation of necks and pores into pore-shrinking and pore-filling by melt, which corresponds to low-strength deposits that respond to the pressure created by soot-blowing. 96/02606...• Development of active and stable supported noble metal catalysts for hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methanol Fan, L. and Fujimoto, K. Energy ConversoMgmt., Jun.-Sep. 1995, 36, (6), 633-636. Strong metal support interaction appearing in supported palladium catalysts improves greatly the selectivity and lifetime of the catalysts for methanol synthesis from CO2 hydrogen. Its mechanism is also discussed. 96/02607 Dlels-Alder reactions of the [60]fullerene: From regUlarly functlonalized carbon spheres to cyclophanes Maynollo, J. and Krautler, B. Fullerene Sci. & Technol., 1996, 4, (2), 213·226. 96/02608 Donor-acceptor Interaction as an effective method for stUdy of the structure of highly condensed components of coal-tar pItch In carbonizat ion Sidorov, O. F. Kales Khim., 1995, (3), 19-24. (In Russian) The paper discusses the advantages of using the donor-acceptor interaction as a method of study of highly condensed fractions of coal-tar pitch and mechanism of its structural transformations during carbonization. 96/02609 Effect of slow carbon izatIon and partial ox idation on preparation of activated carbon from coal Zie, Q. et 0/., Ranliao Huaxue Xueba o, 1995, 23, (3), 242-247. (In Chinese) Discusses the effects of heating rate in carbonization on carbonization, char structure and properties of activated carbon. The results showed that partial oxidation increases the yield of char, leads to an increase of doo2 and a decrease of L, of microcrystal in chars, and lower heating rate in carbonization is good for high quality activated carbon preparation. 96/02610 Effects of classified fly ash on Improving compactlbility of roiler compacted concrete Fukute, T. et 01., Proc. 28th Japanese Congress Material Research, 1995, 246-249. The paper discusses the effects of classified fly ash additions to cement on the compactibility of roller compacted concrete. 96/02611 The effects of hydrogenation on pitch properties Lu, Y. and Wang, Z. Meitan Zhuanhua, 1995, 18, (2), 73-77. (In Chinese) Pitch was hydrogenated with tetrahydroquinoline and the product was polycondensated by heating. The properties and molecular structure of the pitch and hydrogenated pitch were investigated. 96/02612 Efficiency, skin strength and sorptivity of fly ash concretes Gopalan, M. K. Marer. Struc t., 1995, 28, (178), 235-240. Four grades of concrete with and without fly ash were devised and tested for compressive strength. The concretes were cured in three different curing regimes. The skin strength of concretes under inadequate curing was calculated by assuming a linear model for the variation of strength, and the strength difference between cement and fly ash concretes has been worked out. The test results were found to be affected by the size of the test speciment, when proper curing was not provied. The difference in sorptivity of fly ash and cement concretes cured for four days and not provided with any initial curing has been included. 96/02613 Evolution of mlcrotexture In furan resin-derived carbon with heat-treatment Park, S. M. et al., Carbon, 1995, 33, (10), 1377-1381. Microtextural evolution in furan resin-derived carbon was investigated. The evolution was mainly studied from the viewpoint of the change in microtexture of surface and internal pores with heat-treatment and was characterized by observation with a scanning electron microscope, measurement of the BET surface area, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy.
By·products related to fuels
96/02614 Experiences of coal ash artificial reefs In Taiwan Kuo, S. T. et 01., Chem. Eco/., 1995, 10, (3), 233-247. A feasibility study for using fly-ash from Taiwan coal-fired power stations for artificial reef production was started in 1983. Various mixtures of fly ash stabilized with lime, cement, or industrial wastes and formed into blocks were tested in the laboratory. The results showed that the development of compressive strength of those blocks immersed in the sea water was much better than those exposed in the air. The results demonstrate a potential use for stabilized coal ash as artificial reefs to replace traditionally used concrete reefs to protect and enhance the coastal fishery resources in Taiwan. 96/02615 Extraction of 011 shales with sub- and near-critical water Ogunsola, O. M. and Berkowitz, N. Fuel Process. Technol., 1995, 45, (2), 95-107. Subcritical water at 400-450°C and 14-21 MPa was used to extract kerogen-derived hydrocarbon material from oil shale. Attention is centered on the influence of temperature, pressure, feed particle size, run duration and external hydrogen on yields and compositions of toluene-soluble material. 96/02616 Extraction of organic compounds from coal tars Banak-Tabkowska, 1. and Tomaszkiewicz-Potepa, A. KarboEnergochem -Ekoi., 1995, 40, (8), 209-211. (In Russian) Describes the methods for organic compounds extraction from high-speed pyrolysis of coal liquid products. 96/02617 Flexible towpreg for the fabrica tion of high thermal conductivity carbon/carbon compos ites Klett, J. W. and Edie, D. D. Carbon, 1995,33, (10), 1485-1503. A continuous powder coating process was used to produce flexible, preimpregnated towpreg from a heat-treated Mitsubishi AR mesophase pitch powder (AR-l20) and three different carbon fibres: BOO PAN-based fibre, P55 pitch-based fibre, and an experimental high thermal conductivity pitch-based ribbon fibre. The tow~ reg was hot-pressed into unidirectional composites, carbonized at 1100 C, oxidized and then graphitized at 2400"C. 96/02618 Flocculation of lime-treated oil sands tailings Hamza, H. A. et al., Fuel, Feb. 1996, 75, (3), 280-284. Whole oil sands tailings resulting from water-based bitumen extraction processes can be co-flocculated, after treatment with slaked lime, with low dosages of a high molecular weight anionic polyacrylamide. The resulting composite sand-clay particles settle and dewater rapidly to a stackable product that can be hand-squeezed to 40-83 wt% solids. The final solids content depends on the initial bitumen extraction process used. The procedure is particularly appropriate for use with the alkali recycle process, in which bitumen is extracted from oil sand by flotation after conditioning with dilute alkali at ambient temperatures. Treatment of the resulting tailings with lime is the key step that releases alkali, by ion-exchange mechanisms, into the recyclable process water. This step is the first in the coflocculation sequence. 96/02619 Fly ash and Its uti lization in industry and agricultural land development Padmakaran, P. et 01., Res. II/d., 1995, 40, (3), 244-250. Utilization of fly ash for eco-friendly purposes is now picking up fast in several parts of India, as well as abroad. Since fly ash contains various elements both metallic and nonmetallic, it is felt very important to understand the advantages of its incorporation in waste land developmental programmes for improved agricultural with due care on controlling the toxic effects of certain compositions particularly, owing to the presence of As, Pb, Cd, and Ti, etc. Fly ash of thermal power stations from Italy, USA, UK, Spain, Germany, Czechoslovakia, were thoroughly investigated for the presence of metallic, non-metallic and toxic elements along with microand macro nutrient values. 96/02620 Fly ash as a filler for thermoplastics Xing, Z. et al., Kunststoffe, 1995, 85, (5), 680-682. (In German) Fly ash originating from the flue gas dust collection of coal-fired powr plants may be used to produce a wollastonite by chemical reaction. The synthetic mineral exhibits interesting properties as a filler for polypropylene and nylon 6. 96/02621 Formation in situ of perfluoroalkylated fullerenes Fritz, H. P. and Hiemyer, R. Carbon, 1995,33, (11), 1601-1609. Since the discovery of the special stability of [60]- and [70j-fullerene in 1985 and the possibility of producing macroscopic quantities of these new carbon allotropes since 1990, mass spectrometry has played an important role in the characterization of fullerenes and fullerene derivatives. Attempts have been made to modify the fullerenes in situ during their synthesis in a carbon evaporator. In the course of the research on the synthesis of fullerenes in the presence of heteroatom-containing materials it seemed challenging to investigate the possibility of achieving in situ fluorination of fullerenes through contact-arc vaporization of polytetr aflu oroethylene-containing graphite rods.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1996 185
96/02605 Denslflcatlon, shrinkage and strength development In selected coal ashes Nowok, J. W. it-« of Energy, Mar. 1996,69, (478), 9-11. The densification 'process was measured in four amorphous coal ashes, as a function of temperature at constant time and as a function of time at constant temperature. Densification increased significantly if samples were sintered above the characteristic temperature Te< ' Above that temperature the sintering process is governed by the shrinkage of pore and the flow of melts out of the inter-granular spaces into the large and small pores. The characteristic temperature of sintering is defined as the temperature at which the sintering mechanism changes from the formation of necks and pores into pore-shrinking and pore-filling by melt, which corresponds to low-strength deposits that respond to the pressure created by soot-blowing. 96/02606...• Development of active and stable supported noble metal catalysts for hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methanol Fan, L. and Fujimoto, K. Energy ConversoMgmt., Jun.-Sep. 1995, 36, (6), 633-636. Strong metal support interaction appearing in supported palladium catalysts improves greatly the selectivity and lifetime of the catalysts for methanol synthesis from CO2 hydrogen. Its mechanism is also discussed. 96/02607 Dlels-Alder reactions of the [60]fullerene: From regUlarly functlonalized carbon spheres to cyclophanes Maynollo, J. and Krautler, B. Fullerene Sci. & Technol., 1996, 4, (2), 213·226. 96/02608 Donor-acceptor Interaction as an effective method for stUdy of the structure of highly condensed components of coal-tar pItch In carbonizat ion Sidorov, O. F. Kales Khim., 1995, (3), 19-24. (In Russian) The paper discusses the advantages of using the donor-acceptor interaction as a method of study of highly condensed fractions of coal-tar pitch and mechanism of its structural transformations during carbonization. 96/02609 Effect of slow carbon izatIon and partial ox idation on preparation of activated carbon from coal Zie, Q. et 0/., Ranliao Huaxue Xueba o, 1995, 23, (3), 242-247. (In Chinese) Discusses the effects of heating rate in carbonization on carbonization, char structure and properties of activated carbon. The results showed that partial oxidation increases the yield of char, leads to an increase of doo2 and a decrease of L, of microcrystal in chars, and lower heating rate in carbonization is good for high quality activated carbon preparation. 96/02610 Effects of classified fly ash on Improving compactlbility of roiler compacted concrete Fukute, T. et 01., Proc. 28th Japanese Congress Material Research, 1995, 246-249. The paper discusses the effects of classified fly ash additions to cement on the compactibility of roller compacted concrete. 96/02611 The effects of hydrogenation on pitch properties Lu, Y. and Wang, Z. Meitan Zhuanhua, 1995, 18, (2), 73-77. (In Chinese) Pitch was hydrogenated with tetrahydroquinoline and the product was polycondensated by heating. The properties and molecular structure of the pitch and hydrogenated pitch were investigated. 96/02612 Efficiency, skin strength and sorptivity of fly ash concretes Gopalan, M. K. Marer. Struc t., 1995, 28, (178), 235-240. Four grades of concrete with and without fly ash were devised and tested for compressive strength. The concretes were cured in three different curing regimes. The skin strength of concretes under inadequate curing was calculated by assuming a linear model for the variation of strength, and the strength difference between cement and fly ash concretes has been worked out. The test results were found to be affected by the size of the test speciment, when proper curing was not provied. The difference in sorptivity of fly ash and cement concretes cured for four days and not provided with any initial curing has been included. 96/02613 Evolution of mlcrotexture In furan resin-derived carbon with heat-treatment Park, S. M. et al., Carbon, 1995, 33, (10), 1377-1381. Microtextural evolution in furan resin-derived carbon was investigated. The evolution was mainly studied from the viewpoint of the change in microtexture of surface and internal pores with heat-treatment and was characterized by observation with a scanning electron microscope, measurement of the BET surface area, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy.
By·products related to fuels
96/02614 Experiences of coal ash artificial reefs In Taiwan Kuo, S. T. et 01., Chem. Eco/., 1995, 10, (3), 233-247. A feasibility study for using fly-ash from Taiwan coal-fired power stations for artificial reef production was started in 1983. Various mixtures of fly ash stabilized with lime, cement, or industrial wastes and formed into blocks were tested in the laboratory. The results showed that the development of compressive strength of those blocks immersed in the sea water was much better than those exposed in the air. The results demonstrate a potential use for stabilized coal ash as artificial reefs to replace traditionally used concrete reefs to protect and enhance the coastal fishery resources in Taiwan. 96/02615 Extraction of 011 shales with sub- and near-critical water Ogunsola, O. M. and Berkowitz, N. Fuel Process. Technol., 1995, 45, (2), 95-107. Subcritical water at 400-450°C and 14-21 MPa was used to extract kerogen-derived hydrocarbon material from oil shale. Attention is centered on the influence of temperature, pressure, feed particle size, run duration and external hydrogen on yields and compositions of toluene-soluble material. 96/02616 Extraction of organic compounds from coal tars Banak-Tabkowska, 1. and Tomaszkiewicz-Potepa, A. KarboEnergochem -Ekoi., 1995, 40, (8), 209-211. (In Russian) Describes the methods for organic compounds extraction from high-speed pyrolysis of coal liquid products. 96/02617 Flexible towpreg for the fabrica tion of high thermal conductivity carbon/carbon compos ites Klett, J. W. and Edie, D. D. Carbon, 1995,33, (10), 1485-1503. A continuous powder coating process was used to produce flexible, preimpregnated towpreg from a heat-treated Mitsubishi AR mesophase pitch powder (AR-l20) and three different carbon fibres: BOO PAN-based fibre, P55 pitch-based fibre, and an experimental high thermal conductivity pitch-based ribbon fibre. The tow~ reg was hot-pressed into unidirectional composites, carbonized at 1100 C, oxidized and then graphitized at 2400"C. 96/02618 Flocculation of lime-treated oil sands tailings Hamza, H. A. et al., Fuel, Feb. 1996, 75, (3), 280-284. Whole oil sands tailings resulting from water-based bitumen extraction processes can be co-flocculated, after treatment with slaked lime, with low dosages of a high molecular weight anionic polyacrylamide. The resulting composite sand-clay particles settle and dewater rapidly to a stackable product that can be hand-squeezed to 40-83 wt% solids. The final solids content depends on the initial bitumen extraction process used. The procedure is particularly appropriate for use with the alkali recycle process, in which bitumen is extracted from oil sand by flotation after conditioning with dilute alkali at ambient temperatures. Treatment of the resulting tailings with lime is the key step that releases alkali, by ion-exchange mechanisms, into the recyclable process water. This step is the first in the coflocculation sequence. 96/02619 Fly ash and Its uti lization in industry and agricultural land development Padmakaran, P. et 01., Res. II/d., 1995, 40, (3), 244-250. Utilization of fly ash for eco-friendly purposes is now picking up fast in several parts of India, as well as abroad. Since fly ash contains various elements both metallic and nonmetallic, it is felt very important to understand the advantages of its incorporation in waste land developmental programmes for improved agricultural with due care on controlling the toxic effects of certain compositions particularly, owing to the presence of As, Pb, Cd, and Ti, etc. Fly ash of thermal power stations from Italy, USA, UK, Spain, Germany, Czechoslovakia, were thoroughly investigated for the presence of metallic, non-metallic and toxic elements along with microand macro nutrient values. 96/02620 Fly ash as a filler for thermoplastics Xing, Z. et al., Kunststoffe, 1995, 85, (5), 680-682. (In German) Fly ash originating from the flue gas dust collection of coal-fired powr plants may be used to produce a wollastonite by chemical reaction. The synthetic mineral exhibits interesting properties as a filler for polypropylene and nylon 6. 96/02621 Formation in situ of perfluoroalkylated fullerenes Fritz, H. P. and Hiemyer, R. Carbon, 1995,33, (11), 1601-1609. Since the discovery of the special stability of [60]- and [70j-fullerene in 1985 and the possibility of producing macroscopic quantities of these new carbon allotropes since 1990, mass spectrometry has played an important role in the characterization of fullerenes and fullerene derivatives. Attempts have been made to modify the fullerenes in situ during their synthesis in a carbon evaporator. In the course of the research on the synthesis of fullerenes in the presence of heteroatom-containing materials it seemed challenging to investigate the possibility of achieving in situ fluorination of fullerenes through contact-arc vaporization of polytetr aflu oroethylene-containing graphite rods.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1996 185