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Foods for appetite control: Can carbohydrates stimulate the ileal brake and enhance satiety?
Poster Abstracts
85 P171
P170 Weight management interventions young women: A systematic review
targeting
M. Neve 1,∗ , J. Hulst 2 , C. Collins 1 1 School
of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Australia 2 Wageningen University, The Netherlands Aim: Young women are at high risk of weight gain, therefore this systematic review aimed to evaluate randomized controlled trials (RCT) that assessed the effectiveness of weight management interventions targeting young women. Method: Eligible studies were published in English from 1980 to December 7, 2012, participants were aged 18—35 years, had a primary aim of weight management and weight was reported as a primary outcome. Studies were assessed for inclusion and methodological quality by two reviewers independently. Results: From 3800 articles identified, 445 full articles were retrieved and eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Research aims across included studies were diverse and methodological quality was moderate to poor. Seven studies addressed weight gain prevention, while one was aimed at weight loss. Three of the eight studies were designed specifically for young women, all of which compared behavioural weight gain prevention interventions to a control group. The remaining five studies evaluated daily weighing with feedback (n = 2), a college-based science course (n = 1), altering energy-density of the diet (n = 1) or different exercise programs (n = 1). Five studies reported significant differences in weight or weight change in the intervention groups compared to controls (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Effectiveness of weight management interventions targeting young women is difficult to determine due to study heterogeneity. Despite some promising results, research in this area is currently limited. Further high quality RCTs evaluating interventions tailored and designed for young women are required to address this evidence gap. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2012.08.175
Foods for appetite control: Can carbohydrates stimulate the ileal brake and enhance satiety? H. Shin 1,∗ , J. Ingram 4 , K. Lo 4 , A. McGill 1,3 , S. Poppitt 1,2 1 Human
Nutrition Unit, Universtiy of Auckland, New Zealand 2 School of Biological Sciences, Universtiy of Auckland, New Zealand 3 School of Population Health, Universtiy of Auckland, New Zealand 4 New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand Aim: In Foods for Appetite Control, we aim to investigate whether chemosensory functions of the gut epithelium play a role in appetite regulation. Direct delivery of lipids into the distal small intestine (ileum) stimulates feedback to the stomach and duodenum which puts a ‘brake’ on eating. We aimed to determine whether carbohydrate (CHO) also stimulates the ileal brake and suppresses appetite. Method: This was a randomised, cross-over study with nutrients delivered directly into proximal and distal gastrointestinal (GI) tract on 4 separate occasions. During the pre-treatment day a 340 cm × 1.75 mm multi-lumen nasoileal (NI) tube was sited with its distal end within the ileum. Once swallowed down into the stomach, the tube passed through the pylorus and to the ileum by peristalsis over ∼12—24 h. Position in the GI tract was confirmed by X-ray imaging. Glucose (15 g) or saline was delivered to the duodenum or ileum through the NI tube. Results: Lean males were recruited and successfully completed the 4 residential days. Each day a standard breakfast was consumed, followed midmorning by a 90 min nutrient (glucose vs saline) infusion, a lunch meal, an afternoon snack, and an evening meal where participants ate freely. Visual analogue scores (VAS) showed no increased GI discomfort or nausea during infusion, and also assessed appetite-related feelings. Venous samples were collected to measure peptides, CCK, GLP-1, PPY. Conclusion: CHO loads can be successfully delivered to the ileum without an adverse GI response, including dumping. Suppression of appetite and the ileal brake will be discussed. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2012.08.176
85 P171
P170 Weight management interventions young women: A systematic review
targeting
M. Neve 1,∗ , J. Hulst 2 , C. Collins 1 1 School
of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Australia 2 Wageningen University, The Netherlands Aim: Young women are at high risk of weight gain, therefore this systematic review aimed to evaluate randomized controlled trials (RCT) that assessed the effectiveness of weight management interventions targeting young women. Method: Eligible studies were published in English from 1980 to December 7, 2012, participants were aged 18—35 years, had a primary aim of weight management and weight was reported as a primary outcome. Studies were assessed for inclusion and methodological quality by two reviewers independently. Results: From 3800 articles identified, 445 full articles were retrieved and eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Research aims across included studies were diverse and methodological quality was moderate to poor. Seven studies addressed weight gain prevention, while one was aimed at weight loss. Three of the eight studies were designed specifically for young women, all of which compared behavioural weight gain prevention interventions to a control group. The remaining five studies evaluated daily weighing with feedback (n = 2), a college-based science course (n = 1), altering energy-density of the diet (n = 1) or different exercise programs (n = 1). Five studies reported significant differences in weight or weight change in the intervention groups compared to controls (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Effectiveness of weight management interventions targeting young women is difficult to determine due to study heterogeneity. Despite some promising results, research in this area is currently limited. Further high quality RCTs evaluating interventions tailored and designed for young women are required to address this evidence gap. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2012.08.175
Foods for appetite control: Can carbohydrates stimulate the ileal brake and enhance satiety? H. Shin 1,∗ , J. Ingram 4 , K. Lo 4 , A. McGill 1,3 , S. Poppitt 1,2 1 Human
Nutrition Unit, Universtiy of Auckland, New Zealand 2 School of Biological Sciences, Universtiy of Auckland, New Zealand 3 School of Population Health, Universtiy of Auckland, New Zealand 4 New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand Aim: In Foods for Appetite Control, we aim to investigate whether chemosensory functions of the gut epithelium play a role in appetite regulation. Direct delivery of lipids into the distal small intestine (ileum) stimulates feedback to the stomach and duodenum which puts a ‘brake’ on eating. We aimed to determine whether carbohydrate (CHO) also stimulates the ileal brake and suppresses appetite. Method: This was a randomised, cross-over study with nutrients delivered directly into proximal and distal gastrointestinal (GI) tract on 4 separate occasions. During the pre-treatment day a 340 cm × 1.75 mm multi-lumen nasoileal (NI) tube was sited with its distal end within the ileum. Once swallowed down into the stomach, the tube passed through the pylorus and to the ileum by peristalsis over ∼12—24 h. Position in the GI tract was confirmed by X-ray imaging. Glucose (15 g) or saline was delivered to the duodenum or ileum through the NI tube. Results: Lean males were recruited and successfully completed the 4 residential days. Each day a standard breakfast was consumed, followed midmorning by a 90 min nutrient (glucose vs saline) infusion, a lunch meal, an afternoon snack, and an evening meal where participants ate freely. Visual analogue scores (VAS) showed no increased GI discomfort or nausea during infusion, and also assessed appetite-related feelings. Venous samples were collected to measure peptides, CCK, GLP-1, PPY. Conclusion: CHO loads can be successfully delivered to the ileum without an adverse GI response, including dumping. Suppression of appetite and the ileal brake will be discussed. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2012.08.176